Boundary effects on radiative processes of two entangled atoms

We analyze radiative processes of a quantum system composed by two identical two-level atoms interacting with a massless scalar field prepared in the vacuum state in the presence of perfect reflecting flat mirrors. We consider that the atoms are prepared in a stationary maximally entangled state. We investigate the spontaneous transitions rates from the entangled states to the collective ground state induced by vacuum fluctuations. In the empty-space case, the spontaneous decay rates can be enhanced or inhibited depending on the specific entangled state and changes with the distance between the atoms. Next, we consider the presence of perfect mirrors and impose Dirichlet boundary conditions on such surfaces. In the presence of a single mirror the transition rate for the symmetric state undergoes a slight reduction, whereas for the antisymmetric state our results indicate a slightly enhancement. Finally, we investigate the effect of multiple reflections by two perfect mirrors on the transition rates.Comment: submitted version to the journa

Accelerated detectors in Dirac vacuum: the effects of horizon fluctuations

We consider an Unruh-DeWitt detector interacting with a massless Dirac field. Assuming that the detector is moving along an hyperbolic trajectory, we modeled the effects of fluctuations in the event horizon using a Dirac equation with random coefficients. First, we develop the perturbation theory for the fermionic field in a random media. Further we evaluate corrections due to the randomness in the response function associated to different model detectors.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur

Bioprinting as a food production technique: Conceptual and ethical aspects, advantages and disadvantages, and applications

3D bioprinters present techniques that have various applications in the food industry. For this reason, this work aims to compile and review various research works focused on the utilities and advantages of this type of machinery. Where we first mention the basis of these bioprinting techniques and then proceed to highlight the bioethical issues that surround their application in the food industry, analyze the current advantages and disadvantages, the user that has been given in the production of food for astronauts, and also mention some of the research that has been taking place in Latin America and the world. The greatest advantage of 3D bioprinting of food is the speed of production compared to traditional manufacturing methods, allowing one to obtain food with various geometric shapes; it allows control of the nutritional value, and the texture of the product, reduces environmental pollution and has the advantage of being able to take advantage of the greater performance of the materials required for production. Additionally, this technology is considered an alternative production technique that will be used to solve the problem of feeding in places of scarce resources such as space and areas not suitable for animal husbandry

Solid polymer electrolytes based on lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide/poly(vinylidene fluoride -co-hexafluoropropylene) for safer rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

The increasing use of electronic portable systems and the consequent energy demand, leads to the need to improve energy storage systems. According to that and due to safety issues, high-performance non-flammable electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) are needed.SPE containing different amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) into a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), PVDF-HFP, polymer matrix have been prepared by solvent casting. The addition of LiTFSI into PVDF-HFP allows to tailor thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of the composite.In particular, the ionic conductivity of the composites increases with LiTFSI content, the best ionic conductivities of 0.0011 mS/cmat 25 degrees C and 0.23 mS/cmat 90 degrees C were obtained for the PVDF-HFP/LiTFSI composites with 80 wt % of LiTFSI.This solid electrolyte allows the fabrication of Li metallic/SPE/C-LiFePO4 half-cells with a discharge capacity of 51.2 mAh/ g at C/20. Further, theoretical simulations show that the discharge capacity value depends on the lithium concentration and percentage of free ions and is independent of the solid polymer electrolyte thickness. On the other hand, the voltage plateau depends on the SPE thickness. Thus, a solid electrolyte is presented for the next generation of safer solid-state batteries.The authors thank the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) for financial support under the framework of Strategic Funding grants UID/FIS/04650/2013, UID/EEA/04436/2013 and UID/QUI/0686/2016; and project no. PTDC/FIS-MAC/28157/2017. The authors also thank the FCT for financial support under grant SFRH/BPD/112547/2015 (C.M.C.). Financial support from the Basque Government Industry Department under the ELKARTEK and HAZITEK programs is also acknowledged. JMMD and JLGR acknowledge funding by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the project MAT2016-76039-C4-1 and 3-R (including the FEDER financial support) CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&i Plan 2008–2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund

Análisis estructural y evolución tectonometamórfica del basamento de las cuencas neógenas de Vera y Huercal-Overa, Béticas orientales

The basement of the Vera and Huercal Overa basins (southeastem Betics) is fonned by rocks ofthe Alboran Crustal Domain; a terrain which collided with the South-Iberian and Maghrebian continentalmargins in the Lower Miocene, resulting in the fonnation of the Gibraltar Are mountain chain. The Alpuja1Tide complex which occupies an intermediate structural position within the Alboran Domain, above the Nevado-Filabride and below the Malaguide complexes, includes at least three tectonic units in the southeastern Betics. From bottom to top in the slTuctural sequence, these units are Almagro, Almanzora and Variegato. The metapelitic rocks of these units show significative differences in their tectonic fabrics and in their P-T metamorphic paths. The lower Almagro unit underwent low-P/low-T metamorphism (300 oc and 3-4 kbar) and its metapelites are slates with no differentiated metamorphic fabric, which show two sets of spaced axial-plane cleavages. The intennediate Almanzora unit has two differentiated metamorphic fabrics. The oldest foliation (S,) preserved in quartz-rich domains of a crenulation cleavage (S ce) grew during high-P/low-T metamorphism (between 300 °C/12 kbar and 350 oC/6 kbar). The Scc cleavage deyeloped after an isobaric heating to 475 oc at 5 kbar and registers an initial isothennal decompression to 475 oc at 3 kbar followed by cooling to 300 oc at 2 kbar. A brittle spaced cleavage axial plane to N-vergent asymmetric folM cuts the S ce fabtic. At the top ofthe Alpujarride tectonic pile the Variegato unit, includes up to tlu·ee imbrications formed from top to bottom by gamet schists, fine"grained schists and Triassic carbonates. The main Scc foliation in the gamet schists grew during a nearly isothennal decompression between 500 oc at 8 kbar and 525 oc at 2 kbar. In the Variegato dark schists, the spaced crenulation cleavage associated to Nvergent folds is defined by muscovite and chlorite lepidoblasts and is overprinted by the growth of andalousite porphyroblasts. This assemblage equilibrated at 450-460 oc at 2 kbar. The Variegato fine-grained schists include a high-P/low-T Mg-carpholite-bearing assemblage, within pre-Scc quartz veins equilibrated at 8-10 kbar and approximately 400 °C. Furthermore, a chlorite + phengite + quartz assemblage defining the se relic foliation in lenticular domains of the scc cleavage shows local equilibria at 11 to 9 kbar at 400 °C. The superposition ofthese units was related with N-directed compressional brittle-ductile shear zones and associated N-vergent asymmetric folds, which were active at a late stage of the metamorphic evolution after coaxial ductile flattening of the Variegato and Almanzora units. The thrust pile that resulted from this late compressional event was later thinned by two consecutive brittle extensional systems with northward and southwestward tectonic transport. Final! y, these metamorphic rocks were exhumed to the surface in the core of E-W oriented anticlinal ridges, which developed during the Upper Neogene and the Quaternary. Folding and strike-slip faulting of the Miocene Alboran basin produced the present basin and range morphology of the southeastern Betics, which is characterised by the formation of isolated sedimentary basins in the synclines