Development of the PETAL Laser Facility and its Diagnostic Tools

The PETAL system (PETawatt Aquitaine Laser) is a high-energy short-pulse laser, currently in an advanced construction phase, to be combined with the French Mega-Joule Laser (LMJ). In a first operational phase (beginning in 2015 and 2016) PETAL will provide 1 kJ in 1 ps and will be coupled to the first four LMJ quads. The ultimate performance goal to reach 7PW (3.5 kJ with 0.5 ps pulses). Once in operation, LMJ and PETAL will form a unique facility in Europe for High Energy Density Physics (HEDP). PETAL is aiming at providing secondary sources of particles and radiation to diagnose the HED plasmas generated by the LMJ beams. It also will be used to create HED states by short-pulse heating of matter. Petal+ is an auxiliary project addressed to design and build diagnostics for experiments with PETAL. Within this project, three types of diagnostics are planned: a proton spectrometer, an electronspectrometer and a large-range X-ray spectrometer

Directional Track Selection Technique in CR39 SSNTD for lowyield reaction experiments

There is a great interest in the study of p-11B aneutronic nuclear fusion reactions, both for energy production and for determination of fusion cross-sections at low energies. In this context we performed experiments at CELIA in which energetic protons, accelerated by the laser ECLIPSE, were directed toward a solid Boron target. Because of the small cross-sections at these energies the number of expected reactions is low. CR39 Solid-State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD) were used to detect the alpha particles produced. Because of the low expected yield, it is difficult to discriminate the tracks due to true fusion products from those due to natural background in the CR39. To this purpose we developed a methodology of particle recognition according to their direction with respect to the detector normal, able to determine the position of their source. We applied this to the specific experiment geometry, so to select from all the tracks those due to particles coming from the region of interaction between accelerated protons and solid boron target. This technique can be of great help on the analysis of SSNTD in experiments with low yield reactions, but can be also generally applied to any experiment where particles reach the track detector with known directions, and for example to improve the detection limit of particle spectrometers using CR39

The Naturally Processed CD95L Elicits a c-Yes/Calcium/PI3K-Driven Cell Migration Pathway

Patients affected by chronic inflammatory disorders display high amounts of soluble CD95L. This homotrimeric ligand arises from the cleavage by metalloproteases of its membrane-bound counterpart, a strong apoptotic inducer. In contrast, the naturally processed CD95L is viewed as an apoptotic antagonist competing with its membrane counterpart for binding to CD95. Recent reports pinpointed that activation of CD95 may attract myeloid and tumoral cells, which display resistance to the CD95-mediated apoptotic signal. However, all these studies were performed using chimeric CD95Ls (oligomerized forms), which behave as the membrane-bound ligand and not as the naturally processed CD95L. Herein, we examine the biological effects of the metalloprotease-cleaved CD95L on CD95-sensitive activated T-lymphocytes. We demonstrate that cleaved CD95L (cl-CD95L), found increased in sera of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients as compared to that of healthy individuals, promotes the formation of migrating pseudopods at the leading edge of which the death receptor CD95 is capped (confocal microscopy). Using different migration assays (wound healing/Boyden Chamber/endothelial transmigration), we uncover that cl-CD95L promotes cell migration through a c-yes/Ca2+/PI3K-driven signaling pathway, which relies on the formation of a CD95-containing complex designated the MISC for Motility-Inducing Signaling Complex. These findings revisit the role of the metalloprotease-cleaved CD95L and emphasize that the increase in cl-CD95L observed in patients affected by chronic inflammatory disorders may fuel the local or systemic tissue damage by promoting tissue-filtration of immune cells

Phenomenology of the deuteron electromagnetic form factors

A rigorous extraction of the deuteron charge form factors from tensor polarization data in elastic electron-deuteron scattering, at given values of the 4-momentum transfer, is presented. Then the world data for elastic electron-deuteron scattering is used to parameterize, in three different ways, the three electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron in the 4-momentum transfer range 0-7 fm. This procedure is made possible with the advent of recent polarization measurements. The parameterizations allow a phenomenological characterization of the deuteron electromagnetic structure. They can be used to remove ambiguities in the form factors extraction from future polarization data

Euclid Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer instrument concept and first test results obtained for different breadboards models at the end of phase C

The Euclid mission objective is to understand why the expansion of the Universe is accelerating through by mapping the geometry of the dark Universe by investigating the distance-redshift relationship and tracing the evolution of cosmic structures. The Euclid project is part of ESA's Cosmic Vision program with its launch planned for 2020 (ref [1]). The NISP (Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer) is one of the two Euclid instruments and is operating in the near-IR spectral region (900- 2000nm) as a photometer and spectrometer. The instrument is composed of: - a cold (135K) optomechanical subsystem consisting of a Silicon carbide structure, an optical assembly (corrector and camera lens), a filter wheel mechanism, a grism wheel mechanism, a calibration unit and a thermal control system - a detection subsystem based on a mosaic of 16 HAWAII2RG cooled to 95K with their front-end readout electronic cooled to 140K, integrated on a mechanical focal plane structure made with molybdenum and aluminum. The detection subsystem is mounted on the optomechanical subsystem structure - a warm electronic subsystem (280K) composed of a data processing / detector control unit and of an instrument control unit that interfaces with the spacecraft via a 1553 bus for command and control and via Spacewire links for science data This presentation describes the architecture of the instrument at the end of the phase C (Detailed Design Review), the expected performance, the technological key challenges and preliminary test results obtained for different NISP subsystem breadboards and for the NISP Structural and Thermal model (STM)

Separation des fonctions de structure longitudinale, transverse et d'interference longitudinale-transverse dans la section efficace des reactions "2H(e,e[prime]p) et "4He(e,e[prime]p)"3H

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 84550 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Étude des réactions de spallation 136Xe + p et 136Xe + 12C à 1 GeV par nucléon auprès de l'accélérateur GSI (Darmstadt, Allemagne)

Les réactions 136Xe + p et 136Xe + 12C à 1 GeV par nucléon d énergie cinétique du projectile dans le centre de masse ont été étudiées en cinématique inverse à l aide du dispositif expérimental SPALADIN, installé auprès de l accélérateur d ions lourds de GSI. Ma thèse décrit l analyse de ces collisions réalisées au printemps 2009. La détection en coïncidence des fragments de l état final (résidu du projectile, neutrons et fragments légers chargés) avec une grande efficacité géométrique est obtenue par la combinaison de la cinématique inverse, d un aimant dipolaire de grande ouverture physique et de l utilisation de grands détecteurs. Ces coïncidences, mesurées événement par événement, nous ont permis de sélectionner, indépendamment du modèle de désexcitation, le pré-fragment, noyau excité issu de la cascade intranucléaire en fonction de son énergie d excitation. Ainsi, nous avons pu étudier l évolution du mécanisme de désexcitation (par exemple, l évaporation de particules légères, la cassure binaire asymétrique ou la fragmentation multiple simultanée) en fonction de l énergie d excitation du pré-fragment. Les données de la réaction 136Xe + p sont comparées principalement à trois modèles de désexcitation (SMM, GEMINI++ et ABLA07) couplés au code de cascade intranucléaire INCL4. Si ces modèles semblent décrire globalement les observables de notre expérience, des désaccords significatifs sont apparus notamment en ce qui concerne la production des fragments de masse intermédiaire (IMF). La comparaison des données 136Xe + 12C avec celles de la réaction 136Xe + p fait apparaître une grande similitude dans la désexcitation des pré-fragments qui laisse entrevoir que la cascade intranucléaire mène, dans les deux cibles, aux mêmes types de pré-fragments sur la plage d énergie d excitation commune aux deux réactions (0 à 4 MeV par nucléon). Le régime d excitation au-dessus de 4 MeV par nucléon, accessible uniquement pour la réaction 136Xe + 12C, montre une différence qualitative dans la désexcitation du pré-fragment, avec notamment une production beaucoup plus importante d IMF, avec des multiplicités élevées par événement, qui croît avec l énergie d excitation.The collision of 136Xe with the proton and with 12C at 1 GeV per nucleon of projectile kinetic energy in the centre of mass has been studied in inverse kinematics using the SPALADIN experimental setup at the GSI facility. This manuscript describes the analysis of these collisions realized in spring 2009. The detection in coincidence of the final state fragments (projectile residues, neutrons and light charged fragments) with a large geometrical efficiency is provided by the inverse kinematics combined with a large aperture dipole magnet and large detectors. Such a coincidence, measured on an event basis, allows selecting, in a model-independent way, the prefragment, the excited nuclear system formed after the intranuclear cascade as a function of its excitation energy. Hence, we were able to study the evolution of the prefragment deexcitation mechanism (evaporation of light particles, asymmetric binary decay, multiple fragmentation ) as a function of its excitation energy. The data of the 136Xe + p reaction have been compared mainly to three deexcitation models (SMM, GEMINI++ and ABLA07) coupled to the intranuclear cascade code INCL4. Despite the relatively good and global agreement between these models and our data, significant discrepancies appeared concerning in particular the production of intermediate mass fragments (IMF). Comparison between the 136Xe + 12C and the 136Xe + p data exhibits an important similarity in the deexcitation of the pre-fragments. This suggests that the nuclear cascade leads, for both targets, to similar prefragment types in the range of excitation energy (0 to 4 MeV per nucleon) common to both reactions. Higher excitation energies, reached only in the 136Xe + 12C reaction, show a qualitative difference in the deexcitation of the pre-fragment, with much higher multiplicities of IMF per event, increasing with the excitation energy.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Development of the PETAL Laser Facility and its Diagnostic Tools

The PETAL system (PETawatt Aquitaine Laser) is a high-energy short-pulse laser, currently in an advanced construction phase, to be combined with the French Mega-Joule Laser (LMJ). In a first operational phase (beginning in 2015 and 2016) PETAL will provide 1 kJ in 1 ps and will be coupled to the first four LMJ quads. The ultimate performance goal to reach 7PW (3.5 kJ with 0.5 ps pulses). Once in operation, LMJ and PETAL will form a unique facility in Europe for High Energy Density Physics (HEDP). PETAL is aiming at providing secondary sources of particles and radiation to diagnose the HED plasmas generated by the LMJ beams. It also will be used to create HED states by short-pulse heating of matter. Petal+ is an auxiliary project addressed to design and build diagnostics for experiments with PETAL. Within this project, three types of diagnostics are planned: a proton spectrometer, an electronspectrometer and a large-range X-ray spectrometer

Effect of chronic hypoxia on pulmonary artery blood velocity in rats as assessed by electrocardiography-triggered three-dimensional time-resolved MR angiography

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