Sharing Polarization within Quantum Subspaces

Given an ensemble of n spins, at least some of which are partially polarized, we investigate the sharing of this polarization within a subspace of k spins. We assume that the sharing results in a pseudopure state, characterized by a single purity parameter which we call the bias. As a concrete example we consider ensembles of spin-1/2 nuclei in liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems. The shared bias levels are compared with some current entanglement bounds to determine whether the reduced subspaces can give rise to entangled states.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Use of anabolic implants in calves to increase weaning weight and backgrounding gains

The main component of the beef industry in South Carolina is cow/calf operations. Recent advances in implant technology are being utilized to help these producers increase weights at time of sale to feedlots. The objective of this study was to determine how the use of anabolic implants in steer calves at 4 mo of age and at weaning altered weight gain at two different farm locations in South Carolina. Steers ( year 1; n= 161, year 2 n=116) from Edisto REC and Simpson REC were randomly allotted into two treatment groups: 1) no implant or 2) implant at 4 mo of age plus implant at weaning. Weights were obtained at implanting, weaning, and the end of backgrounding. Real-time ultrasound measurements of the ribeye area and fat thickness were collected at the end of the backgrounding period. Data were analyzed with the treatment, location, year, and the interaction in the model. Implanting the steers increased (P\u3c0.001) average daily gains from implanting to weaning, weaning to the end of the backgrounding, and overall by 0.36, 0.15, 0.25 lb/hd/d respectively. Implanting also increased ribeye area by 0.34 in2. Weight and gains of the steers differed by location and year but there were no interactions between location, year, and implant treatment. The use of anabolic implants in steer calves at 4 mo of age and then again at weaning helped to increase weight gain, other desirable carcass traits and produced heavier steers for marketing

Use of anabolic implants in calves to increase weaning weight and backgrounding gains

The main component of the beef industry in South Carolina is cow/calf operations. Recent advances in implant technology are being utilized to help these producers increase weights at time of sale to feedlots. The objective of this study was to determine how the use of anabolic implants in steer calves at 4 mo of age and at weaning altered weight gain at two different farm locations in South Carolina. Steers ( year 1; n= 161, year 2 n=116) from Edisto REC and Simpson REC were randomly allotted into two treatment groups: 1) no implant or 2) implant at 4 mo of age plus implant at weaning. Weights were obtained at implanting, weaning, and the end of backgrounding. Real-time ultrasound measurements of the ribeye area and fat thickness were collected at the end of the backgrounding period. Data were analyzed with the treatment, location, year, and the interaction in the model. Implanting the steers increased (P\u3c0.001) average daily gains from implanting to weaning, weaning to the end of the backgrounding, and overall by 0.36, 0.15, 0.25 lb/hd/d respectively. Implanting also increased ribeye area by 0.34 in2. Weight and gains of the steers differed by location and year but there were no interactions between location, year, and implant treatment. The use of anabolic implants in steer calves at 4 mo of age and then again at weaning helped to increase weight gain, other desirable carcass traits and produced heavier steers for marketing

Extending political participation in China: new opportunities for citizens in the policy process

Authoritarian political systems are portrayed as offering few opportunities for citizens to participate in politics – particularly in the policy process. This paper’s contribution is to set out new mechanisms that enable Authoritarian political systems are portrayed as offering few opportunities for citizens to participate in politics – particularly in the policy process. This paper’s contribution is to set out new mechanisms that enable Chinese citizens to evaluate government performance, contribute to decision-making, shape policy agendas and feed back on implementation. Based on fieldwork in the city of Hangzhou, we argue that the local party-state orchestrates citizen participation in the policy process, but members of the public nevertheless do have influence. Political participation is widening in China, but it is still controlled. It is not yet clearly part of a process of democratization, but it does establish the principle of citizen rights to oversee the government

Evolution of the major moss lineages: phylogenetic analyses based on multiple gene sequences and morphology

Evolutionary relationships of mosses are still poorly understood, with family, order, and subclass circumscription and relationships remaining especially obscure

Practical Implementations of Twirl Operations

Twirl operations, which convert impure singlet states into Werner states, play an important role in many schemes for entanglement purification. In this paper we describe strategies for implementing twirl operations, with an emphasis on methods suitable for ensemble quantum information processors such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computers. We implement our twirl operation on a general two-spin mixed state using liquid state NMR techniques, demonstrating that we can obtain the singlet Werner state with high fidelity.Comment: 6 pages RevTex4 including 2 figures (fig 1 low quality to save space

Iridium Cyclooctene Complex Forms a Hyperpolarization Transfer Catalyst Before Converting to a Binuclear C-H Bond Activation Product Responsible for Hydrogen Isotope Exchange

[IrCl(COE)2]2 ( 1 ) reacts with pyridine and H2 to form crystallo-graphically characterized IrCl(H)2(COE)(py)2 ( 2 ). 2 undergoes pyridine loss to form 16-electron IrCl(H)2(COE)(py) (3) with equivalent hydride ligands. When this reaction is studied with parahydrogen, 1 efficiently achieves the hyperpolarization of free pyridine (and nicotinamide, nicotine, 5-aminopyrimidine and 3,5-lutudine) via signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and hence reflects a simple and readily available precatayst for this process. 2 reacts further over 48 hrs at 298 K to form crystallographically characterized (Cl)(H)(py)(μ-Cl)(μ-H)(κ-μ-NC5H4)Ir(H)(py)2 (4). This dimer is shown to be active in the hydrogen isotope exchange process that is used in radiophar-maceutical preparations. Furthermore, while [Ir(H)2(COE)(py)3]PF6 ( 6 ) forms on addition of AgPF6 to 2 , its stability precludes its efficient involvement in SABRE

Implementation of NMR quantum computation with para-hydrogen derived high purity quantum states

We demonstrate the first implementation of a quantum algorithm on a liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer using almost pure states. This was achieved using a two qubit device where the initial state is an almost pure singlet nuclear spin state of a pair of 1H nuclei arising from a chemical reaction involving para-hydrogen. We have implemented Deutsch's algorithm for distinguishing between constant and balanced functions with a single query.Comment: 7 pages RevTex including 6 figures. Figures 4-6 are low quality to save space. Submitted to Phys Rev