Thyroid disorder in antenatal women in sub-himalayan region: a need for universal screening

Background: Thyroid dysfunction constitutes the second most common endocrine disorder of pregnancy, associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome and is often overlooked in pregnancy due to their nonspecific symptoms and the hypermetabolic pregnant state. Objective of present study was to establish the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, study the effects in pregnancy in sub-himalayan population and whether universal screening for thyroid dysfunction is required.Methods: The study was conducted on 200 patients in the age group of 20 to 35 years with a singleton pregnancy and gestational age between 6 to 24 weeks.Results: In the 200 women screened, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be 14% with 8% having subclinical hypothyroidism while an equal percentage of 2% having clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and clinical hyperthyroidism. The mean age of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism was 28.6 ± 4.9 years, with thyroid disorder in pregnancy being significantly more common in primigravida. Statistically significant association was found between patients with thyroid dysfunction and abortions, preeclampsia, preterm labor, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and admission to NICU.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be high in our study, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism and was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; hence, more research is required in the Sub-Himalayan goitre belt to assess the magnitude of the problem and formulate universal screening protocols in this particular subset of the Indian population accordingly

Synthesis and Characterization of nZVI Grafted Alumina and Its Application for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water: Equilibrium and Kinetics Study

In the present study attempt was made to synthesize iron nanoparticles in the presence of alumina (Al-nZVI) by sodium borohydride reduction process. The composite adsorbent has been characterized using various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy which showed that iron nanoparticles were partially dispersed on alumina surface, with their diameter being in the range 40–100 nm. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of different parameters. The maximum removal of fluoride was obtained at optimal condition of pH 5.0 and dose = 1.8 g/L and was observed to be 94% with contact time of 60 min at 40 °C and initial concentration of 2 mg/L. The adsorption data fitted that pseudo second order kinetics and followed Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 10.06 mg/g. Thermodynamic study revealed exothermic nature of adsorption

Effect of Rajat Bhasma with Smritisagar Rasa in Parkinson

Parkinson is a disorder of nerve cell in the brain that is produced by the Dopamine, The global incidence is about 0.2/1000 and a prevalence of 1.5/1000 in U.K. The brain revels a loss of pigmentation in the substania nigra and locus of ceruleus, loss of pigmentation is accompanied by gliosis in the substania nigra and the other basal ganglion. Symptoms appear after a 60% to 80% loss of pigmented neuron. In Ayurveda Rajat Bhasma which has Vata-Shamak, Madhura Vipaka, KashayaAmla Rasa, Sheetala, Snigdha and also Brimhana so it play important role in nervous system and Smiritisagar Rasa has Tikshna, Ushna, Vyavayi as well as Yogvahi properties, Kapha-vata Shamak and Bhawna Dravya are Brahmi, Vacha, Malkangni also helpful in mental slowness and depression. Aim of this article is to know about the disease and its management by Ayurvedic perspective

Referrals revisited: a clinical audit

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are physiological processes; however, severe maternal morbidity can complicate certain pregnancies, deliveries and puerperium. To prevent maternal/ neonatal morbidity and mortality, the high-risk category needs timely identification and intervention and if required, prompt referral to higher centres where HDU/ICU level of care is provided. The present study was a clinical audit of obstetric referrals.Methods: A clinical audit of all obstetrics referrals done at BJRM (secondary level facility) from 1st May to 31st October 2016. The cases were analysed with respect to demographics, indications for referral and barrier to services.Results: Referral rate of our hospital was 6.52%. Mean age of women referred was 24.16 years. The associated risk factors were PIH in 36.17%, anaemia in 34.04%, followed by thrombocytopenia and diabetes in pregnancy. Majority of referrals were done in women during labour 93.94% while only 3.03% referrals during post-partum period. Most common indication was MSL with foetal distress 20.96%, followed by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy 16.93%. Other indications were APH, malpresentation, 2nd stage arrest and cord prolapse. The main barriers to providing services at our institute were unavailability of 24 hours OT services, blood bank and ICU care.Conclusions: Standard referral protocol and well-defined linkages need to be established so as to have better co-ordination between the referral units and tertiary centres

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF SUNTHI IN PRANVAHA SROTAS

Ginger, (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is one of the important medicinal plants which is being used in Ayurveda from the ancient time. Zingiber officinale is well known as a health promoting. It has been an important ingredient in Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Tibb-Unani herbal medicines. In ancient culture medical practitioners focused on herbals for the promoting the immune system of body. Ginger has been identified as prostaglandin synthesis suppressor through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 and apart from its medicinal properties ginger can also be used as an antioxidant supplement. It has also anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti bacterial, immune modulator, anticancer, anti-diabetic and several properties. It has a rich phytochemical compound like Gingeral, Shogaol, Zingerene. In Pranavaha srotas anti-inflammatory effect is very useful to treat the disease Ginger inhibits the production of free radicals like ketone body{H+,OH-}, Lactic acid, uric acid intermediated product which is leading cause of DNA damage and various disease. Ethenol extract of Z.officinale alone with vit-E induced the nephro toxicity and Acetaminophen induced liver cell damage. Studies have shown that, the long term dietary intake of ginger has hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effect It can reduced the muscle pain after physical activity, valuable ingredients which can prevent various cancer’s angiogenesis and metastasis induction of apoptosis and inhibit of cell-cycle progression and used in the cardiovascular system, Diabetes mellitus and Gastrointestinal rheumatism, cough, corhyza and bronchitis disease. Aim of this article to provide knowledge about Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory properties of Zingiber officinalis

Phase Conjugation via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Semiconductor Quantum Plasmas

Abstract Using quantum hydrodynamic model (QHD

EFFECT OF RASONADI KWATH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A REVIEW

Rheumatoid arthritis is a most common persistent inflammatory arthritis of unknown etiology marked by symmetric, peripheral poly arthritis and often result in joint damage and physical disability. Arthritis is always associated with arthralgia. It is 1.0-1.5% with a female to male ratio of 3:1 functional capacity decrease most rapidly at the beginning of disease and the function state of patients in their first year. R.A. Etiology like Immunological factor (HLA-DRB1), Hormonal factor, contraceptives pills, is also associated with a worse disease outcome in R.A. Particularly in genetically predisposed individuals, some environmental antigen trigger, probably a virus, stimulates the production of autoantibodies (IgM rheumatoid factor) against the body, own IgM immunologlobins. This process can become self perpetuating. The prominent feature is the formation of immune complexes. within the joint resulting from tissue damage. These complex activate complement and attract neutrophils. Phagocytosis of immune complexes by neutrophils leads to release of chemical mediators of inflammation. Continued inflammation stimulates the formation of a proliferative synovitis. This hypertrophic granulation tissue is called pannus. This process is responsible for the causing joint erosions. In Ayurveda it is clinically correlated with Aamvata. According to Bhavprakash Beautiful composition is given in Aamvata chikitsa 26th chapter Rasonadi Kwath. Conceptually it is play very effective role because of its Sothhara, Vedna-sthapana, Kapha-vatashamak, Deepan-Pachan, Anuloman, Shoola-prashman, and also Shunthi is Uttam Aama pachak. The aim of this article is to provide a management for RA by Rasonadi Kwath

Potential of X-ray imaging to detect citrus granulation in different cultivars with progress in harvesting time

263-268Granulation, a physiological disorder of citrus is manifested by shriveled juice sacs and internal dryness. Extractable juice in granulated tissue is drastically reduced as a consequence of gelatinization and secondary epidermis formation. Since, the defect cannot be detected externally it leads to consumer dissatisfaction and poor returns to farmers. Processing industry also faces huge economic loss due to reduction in the juice recovery from granulated fruit. In this context, here, we studied the possibility of developing an image processing algorithm through MATLAB software to detect granulation with advancement of maturity via X-ray micrographs. Fruit of eight citrus cultivars comprising of granulation susceptible and tolerant varieties harvested at four different intervals were exposed to X-rays. Voltage of 46 kV and current of 6.5 mA given to fruit for an exposure time of 320 mAs gave the best X-ray image contrasts. The developed algorithm could effectively distinguish the healthy and granulated fruit with an accuracy of 90% as validated by subsequent destructive analysis when estimated for four different harvesting dates. The imaging technique can be employed by the processors to determine the severity of granulation and to sort out fruit online which will help in saving economic losses