Naturaleza de los abusos sexuales a menores y consecuencias en la salud mental de las víctimas

ResumenObjetivoDeterminar la prevalencia, la naturaleza y las consecuencias de los abusos sexuales sufridos durante la infancia o la adolescencia.Métodos2.159 estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada respondieron voluntariamente y de forma anónima a un cuestionario sobre abuso sexual. Establecido el grupo de víctimas, se formó otro de comparación con estudiantes sin antecedentes de abusos. En una segunda sesión se evaluó la salud mental de ambos grupos.Resultados269 (12,5%) estudiantes manifestaron haber sufrido abusos sexuales antes de los 18 años de edad. El 62,8% de los abusos consistió en tocamientos y la edad media de inicio fue a los 8,8 años. Los perpetradores, mayoritariamente varones y un 44% menores de edad, solían cometer los abusos en el hogar de la víctima o en el suyo, aprovechándose de las visitas o de su estrecha vinculación. Alrededor del 50% se sirvió del engaño o del juego. En cuanto a la salud mental de las víctimas, las universitarias con antecedentes de abusos sexuales tenían menor autoestima y asertividad, y puntuaciones más altas en actitud vital negativa, depresión y ansiedad, que las del grupo de comparación. Las víctimas varones, sin embargo, sólo diferían de los universitarios sin antecedentes de abusos en su mayor nivel de ansiedad.ConclusionesLos resultados demuestran la gravedad del problema de los abusos sexuales a menores y sus consecuencias, así como las circunstancias en que se producen y el perfil de los agresores y de las víctimas; unos resultados relevantes para la planificación de programas de detección y prevención de los abusos.AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence, nature and consequences of sexual abuse during childhood or adolescence.MethodsA total of 2,159 college students from the University of Granada anonymously completed a questionnaire on sexual abuse. A group of sexual abuse survivors was established and a comparison group without a history of abuse was selected. In a second session, the socio-affective adjustment of both groups was assessed.ResultsSexual abuse before the age of 18 was reported by 269 (12.5%) students. In 62.8%, the abuse consisted of the perpetrator touching the victim and/or the victim touching the perpetrator. The average age at which the sexual abuse started was 8.8 years old. The vast majority of perpetrators were males and 44% were under-age minors. The perpetrators usually committed the sexual abuse in the victim's home or in their own homes, taking advantage of visits and/or close relationships. Almost half the perpetrators made use of deception or games. Female college students with a history of sexual abuse had lower self-esteem, were less assertive, had a more negative attitude toward life, and higher depression and anxiety scores than women in the comparison group. Male survivors, however, differed from non-survivors only in having higher anxiety levels.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the severity of the problem of sexual abuse of minors and its consequences, the circumstances in which this abuse occurs, and the profiles of perpetrators and victims. These results are relevant for the planning of abuse detection and prevention programs

To be or not to be hospitalised with tuberculosis in Portugal

SETTING: In Portugal, as in other countries, tuberculosis (TB) is considered a disease that should be managed on an ambulatory basis. However, hospitalisation remains important to manage some at-risk groups and complications. OBJECTIVE: To identify the possible risk factors associated with hospitalisations in TB patients in Portugal. DESIGN: Data extraction through two national databases (one for registration of TB cases and the other with hospitalisation information in public health facilities) between 2007 and 2013. Univariate and multivariate analysis of demographic and clinical variables was performed. RESULTS: We identified 4421 hospitalisations. Chronic diseases, cancer, substance abuse, a higher social/economic risk, extra-pulmonary TB, lung cavitary disease and previous uncompleted treatment were more frequent among hospitalised patients. Human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, cancer, alcohol abuse, extra-pulmonary TB and uncompleted previous TB treatment were the most important predictors of hospitalisation with TB. The hospitalisation rate among TB patients in Portugal was lower when compared with other countries with lower and higher incidences. CONCLUSION: Immune dysfunctions and progression of chronic diseases are associated with more severe forms of TB and frequent adverse effects which can be sufficiently severe to necessitate hospital admission. Despite having an intermediate TB incidence, the hospitalisation rate in Portugal is not higher than that of other countries

Complete genome sequences of clinical Pandoraea fibrosis isolates

Pandoraea fibrosis is a newly identified Gram-negative bacterial species that was isolated from the respiratory tract of an Australian cystic fibrosis patient. The complete assembled genome sequences of two consecutive isolates (second isolate collected 11 months after antibiotic treatment) from the same individual are presented here

Structural Analysis of Pathogenic Missense Mutations in GABRA2 and Identification of a Novel de Novo Variant in the Desensitization Gate

Background: Cys-loop receptors control neuronal excitability in the brain and their dysfunction results in numerous neurological disorders. Recently, six missense variants in GABRA2, a member of this family, have been associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE). We identified a novel de novo missense variant in GABRA2 in a patient with EIEE and performed protein structural analysis of the seven variants. Methods: The novel variant was identified by trio whole-genome sequencing. We performed protein structural analysis of the seven variants, and compared them to previously reported pathogenic mutations at equivalent positions in other Cys-loop receptors. Additionally, we studied the distribution of disease-associated variants in the transmembrane helices of these proteins. Results: The seven variants are in the transmembrane domain, either close to the desensitization gate, the activation gate, or in inter-subunit interfaces. Six of them have pathogenic mutations at equivalent positions in other Cys-loop receptors, emphasizing the importance of these residues. Also, pathogenic mutations are more common in the pore-lining helix, consistent with this region being highly constrained for variation in control populations. Conclusion: Our study reports a novel pathogenic variant in GABRA2, characterizes the regions where pathogenic mutations are in the transmembrane helices, and underscores the value of considering sequence, evolutionary, and structural information as a strategy for variant interpretation of novel missense mutations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Systematic decay studies of even-even 132−138132-138^Nd, 144−158144-158^Gd, 176−196176-196^Hg and 192−198192-198^Pb isotopes

The alpha and cluster decay properties of the $132-138$^Nd, $144-158$^Gd, $176-196$^Hg and $192-198$^Pb even-even isotopes in the two mass regions A = 130-158 and A = 180-198 are analysed using the Coulomb and Proximity Potential Model. On examining the clusters at corresponding points in the cold valleys (points with same A_2) of the various isotopes of a particular nucleus we find that at certain mass numbers of the parent nuclei, the clusters emitted are getting shifted to the next lower atomic number. It is interesting to see that the change in clusters appears at those isotopes where a change in shape is occurring correspondingly. Such a change of clusters with shape change is studied for the first time in cluster decay. The alpha decay half lives of these nuclei are computed and these are compared with the available experimental alpha decay data. It is seen that the two are in good agreement. On making a comparison of the alpha half lives of the normal deformed and super deformed nuclei, it can be seen that the normal deformed $132$^Nd, $176-188$^Hg and $192$^Pb nuclei are found to be better alpha emitters than the super deformed (in excited state) $134,136$^Nd, $190-196$^Hg and $194$^Pb nuclei. The cluster decay studies reveal that as the atomic number of the parent nuclei increases the N \neq Z cluster emissions become equally or more probable than the N=Z emissions. On the whole the alpha and cluster emissions are more probable from the parents in the heavier mass region (A=180-198) than from the parents in the lighter mass region (A= 130-158). The effect of quadrupole ({\beta}_2) and hexadecapole ({\beta}_4) deformations of parent and fragments on half life times are also studied.Comment: 42 pages,19 figure

Search for a Vectorlike Quark with Charge 2/3 in t + Z Events from pp Collisions at p √s = 7 TeV

A search for pair-produced heavy vectorlike charge-2/3 quarks, T, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, is performed with the CMS detector at the LHC. Events consistent with the flavor-changing-neutral-current decay of a T quark to a top quark and a Z boson are selected by requiring two leptons from the Z-boson decay, as well as an additional isolated charged lepton. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.14  fb^(-1), the number of observed events is found to be consistent with the standard model background prediction. Assuming a branching fraction of 100% for the decay T→tZ, a T quark with a mass less than 475  GeV/c2 is excluded at the 95% confidence level

Measurement of the Drell-Yan cross section in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The Drell-Yan differential cross section is measured in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV, from a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb^(−1). The cross section measurement, normalized to the measured cross section in the Z region, is reported for both the dimuon and dielectron channels in the dilepton invariant mass range 15–600 GeV. The normalized cross section values are quoted both in the full phase space and within the detector acceptance. The effect of final state radiation is also identified. The results are found to agree with theoretical predictions