Desempenho produtivo da raça Pitangueiras (5/8 Red Poll x 3/8 Guzerá) e de cruzamento Red Poll x Zebu no trópico brasileiro

Results are presented on productive performance fr om  the 1st to 6th lactations of 234 cows 1/2 Red Poll x 1/2 Zebu, 394 cows 114 Red Poll x 3/4 Guzerá and 223 cows 5/8 Red Poll x 3/8 Guzera (Pitangueiras Breed). A linear programming model and least-square analysis was used to verify the influence of environmental effects on milk production for 256 days at first lactation was 1767kg(C.V=20%); 1605kg(C.V.=24%); e 2421kg(C.V.=16%), respectively. The highest production where obtained at 4th, 6th and 5th lactations with successive increase of 32, 37 an d 23 percent, resp ectively. The age of cows and the year of calving have significant effect on the milk production at 1st lactation. The milk production of 1/2 Red Poll x 1/2 Zebu cows was significantly affected b y season of calving. The repeatabilities, as intraclasse correlation were: 0.15±0.03; 0.36±0.03 and 0.24±0.04 respec tively for the three groups.Foi avaliada a capacidade produtiva, em região tropical, de fêmeas da raça Pitangueiras de cruzamentos Red Poll x Zebu. Foram analisados dados de 851 bovinos assim distribuídos: 234 vacas 1/2 Red Poll x Zebu, 394 vacas 1/4 Red Poll x 3/4 Guzerá e 223 vacas 5/8 Red Poll x 3/8 Guzerá. Pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, testou-se o e feito de fatores de ambiente sobre a produção de leite, da primeira à quarta lactação. As médias da produção de leite à primeira lactação (padronizada para 256 dias), foram de 1767kg (C.V. = 20%); 1605kg (C.V. = 24%) e 2421 kg (C.V. = 16%), respectivamente, para as vacas, 1/2 Red Poll x 1/2 Zebu, 1/4 Red Poll x 3/4 Guzerá e 5/8 Red Poll x 3/8 Guzerá. A máxima produção foi alcançada na quarta, sexta e quinta lactação, c om aumentos consecutivos de 32%,37% e 23%, respectivamente, para os bovinos referidos anteriormente. A produção de leite, á primeira lactação, foi influenciada significativamente pela idade da vaca e ano do parto. A época do parto somente afetou significativamente a produção de leite nas vacas 1/2 Red Poll x 1/2 Zebu. As estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade para o s grupos genéticos 1/2 Red Poll x 1/2 Zebu, 1/4 Red Poll x 3/4 Zebu e 5/8 Red Poll x 3/8 Guzerá foram 0,15 ± 0,03; 0,36 ± 0,03 e 0,24 ± 0,04, respectivamente

Heterose em suínos na fase de aleitamento

Individual weights at birth (PO), 21 days(P21) and weaning (PD) of 746 piglets, being 201Landrace, 136 Wessex-Saddleback and 409 crossbred were analysed by the least squares method. Estimates of heterosis and weight gains were obtained by a fixed model considering the effects of year and season at birth, litter order, sex and litter sizes, besides paternal and maternal breed effects. The effects were significant and the crossbred piglets were heavier than purebreds. Heterosis estimates were 2.6% for PO, 9.7% for P21 and 13.9% for PD, indicating higher no additive gene effects when the age of piglets increase or their dependence on maternal hability becomes less important. Interactions between maternal and paternal breeds were significant. The results indicate that crossbreeding these two breeds is useful for piglets production.Visando avaliar o ganho de produtividade, advindo da heterose, no peso de suínos em fase de aleitamento, analisaram-se os pesos ao nascimento(PO), 21 dias de idade (P21) e desmama (PD) de 746leitões, sendo 201 da raça Landrace, 136 Wessex-Saddleback e 409 mestiços, pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, considerando-se, ainda, os efeitos fixos de época e ano de nascimento, ordem do parto, sexo do leitão e tamanho da leitegada, além de raças paterna e materna e suas interações. Os efeitos não genéticos tiveram influência significativa em quase todas as características. Os mestiços mostraram, em geral, pesos superiores aos puros, com estimativas de heterose de 2,6% para PO, 9,7% para P21 e 13,9% para PD, indicando a importância da herança não aditiva à medida que os leitões ficam menos dependentes de suas mães. Os efeitos de interação entre as raças paterna e materna foram cada vez maiores com o avançar da idade. Os resultados indicam haver ganho de produtividade coma utilização deste tipo de cruzamento

Alguns fatores associados com o desempenho de suínos Duroc aos 21 dias de idade

The effects of year and season of birth and farrowing order on litter size and litter weight at 21 days of age were studied for 529 litters of Duroc swine raised at Estação Experimental de Zootecnia, Sertãozinho, SP, from 1957 to 1970. The mean number of piglets per litter was 5.59 and mean litter weight was25.63 kg. Sow age at farrowing was found to be an important cause of variations in the traits studied. The highest means occurred in general at 34-39 months of sow’s age or at the fourth –fifth farrowing.A partir de 529 leitegadas de suínos da raça Duroc, criados na Estação Experimental de Zootecnia, Sertãozinho, SP, no período de 1957 a 1970, foram estudados os efeitos de ano e época do ano de nascimento e ordem de parição sobre tamanho e peso da leitegada aos 21 dias de idade. O número médio de leitões por leitegada foi de 5,59 e o peso médio da leitegada foi de 25,63kg. A idade da porca ao parto, revelou-se importante causa de variação sobre as características estudadas. As maiores médias, em geral, ocorreram à idade de 34-39 meses ou ao quarto-quinto parto, das porcas

Mapas de difusão na busca de outliers de curvas de polarização

This work proposes an efficient nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique known as Diffusion Maps in the identification of polarization curve outliers. Such curves evaluate the global kinetics of electrochemical electrode processes in corrosive media under steady-state conditions. However, they can present scattering of experimental nature or due to artifacts that may occur. Thus, a search for outliers is necessary because it would allow extracting them from the set of experimental curves under analysis; eventually, they do not adequately translate the material's behavior immersed in the corrosive environment to a given electrochemical potential. The hope is to achieve a good classification rate, eliminating improbable results from the data. However, classifying them correctly is a challenge because a strong nonlinearity typical of polarization curves besides the overlap make the task difficult. In this work, two stainless steels were studied in an aqueous solution with 3.5 % NaCl. Through the diffusion matrix and the associated color map, the Diffusion Maps technique was able to satisfactorily find outliers for both steels used, proving useful because of the proposed approach.Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem de uma eficiente técnica de redução de dimensionalidade não linear conhecida como mapas de difusão na identificação de outliers de curvas de polarização. Tais curvas avaliam a cinética global de processos eletroquímicos de eletrodos em meios corrosivos sob condições estacionárias, mas que apresentam variações de natureza experimental ou por erros sistemáticos que possam ocorrer. Assim, a busca por outliers se faz necessária pois, no contexto em questão, permitiria extrair do conjunto das curvas experimentais em análise aquelas que, eventualmente, não traduzem de forma adequada o comportamento do material imerso no meio corrosivo a um dado potencial aplicado. A esperança é conseguir um ganho na taxa de classificação, eliminando-se dados muito improváveis do conjunto de amostras. Classificá-los corretamente é um desafio pois a forte não linearidade típica de curvas de polarização e a superposição tornam a tarefa difícil. Neste trabalho, estudou-se dois aços inoxidáveis em solução aquosa com 3,5 % NaCl. Por meio da matriz de difusão e do mapa de cores a ela associada, a técnica de mapas de difusão conseguiu encontrar satisfatoriamente outliers de ambos os aços utilizados, mostrando-se útil diante da abordagem proposta

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Trajetórias da Educomunicação nas Políticas Públicas e a Formação de seus Profissionais

Esta obra é composta com os trabalhos apresentados no primeiro subtema, TRAJETÓRIA – Educação para a Comunicação como Política pública, nas perspectivas da Educomunicação e da Mídia-Educação, do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação. Os artigos pretendem propiciar trocas de informações e produzir reflexões com os leitores sobre os caminhos percorridos, e ainda a percorrer, tendo como meta a expansão e a legitimação das práticas educomunicativas e/ou mídia-educativas como política pública para o atendimento à formação de crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos, no Brasil e no mundo

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit