78 research outputs found
Tailoring a nanofiber for enhanced photon emission and coupling efficiency from single quantum emitters
We present a novel approach to enhance the spontaneous emission rate of
single quantum emitters in an optical nanofiber-based cavity by introducing a
narrow air-filled groove into the cavity. Our results show that the Purcell
factor for single quantum emitters located inside the groove of the
nanofiber-based cavity can be at least six times greater than that for such an
emitter on the fiber surface when using an optimized cavity mode and groove
width. Moreover, the coupling efficiency of single quantum emitters into the
guided mode of this nanofiber-based cavity can reach up to 80 with
only 35 cavity-grating periods. This new system has the potential to act as an
all-fiber platform to realize efficient coupling of photons from single
emitters into an optical fiber for quantum information applications
Optical nanofiber-based cavity induced by periodic air-nanohole arrays
We experimentally realized an optical nanofiber-based cavity by combining a
1-D photonic crystal and Bragg grating structures. The cavity morphology
comprises a periodic, triplex air-cube introduced at the waist of the
nanofiber. The cavity has been theoretically characterized using FDTD
simulations to obtain the reflection and transmission spectra. We have also
experimentally measured the transmission spectra and a Q-factor of ~784(87) for
a very short periodic structure has been observed. The structure provides
strong confinement of the cavity field and its potential for optical network
integration makes it an ideal candidate for use in nanophotonic and quantum
information systems
Fast Single-shot Imaging of Individual Ions via Homodyne Detection of Rydberg-Blockade-Induced Absorption
We introduce well-separated Rb ions into an atomic ensemble by
microwave ionization of Rydberg excitations and realize single-shot imaging of
the individual ions with an exposure time of 1 s. This imaging sensitivity
is reached by using homodyne detection of ion-Rydberg-atom interaction induced
absorption. We obtain an ion detection fidelity of (80 5)\% from
analyzing the absorption spots in acquired single-shot images. These \textit{in
situ} images provide a direct visualization of the ion-Rydberg interaction
blockade and reveal clear spatial correlations between Rydberg excitations. The
capability of imaging individual ions in a single shot is of interest for
investigating collisional dynamics in hybrid ion-atom systems and for exploring
ions as a probe for measurements of quantum gases.Comment: 11 pages, 5 + 6 figure
Telecom-wavelength spectra of a Rydberg state in a hot vapor
We study telecom-wavelength spectra of a Rydberg state in an atomic vapor
with a three-photon excitation scheme. Two lasers of 780 nm and 776 nm are used
to pump Rubidium-85 atoms in a vapor cell to the state,
from which a probe beam of 1292 nm in the O-band telecommunication wavelength
drives a transition to the Rydberg state. We investigate
the probe spectra over the power of pump lasers. The simulation based on a
4-level theoretical model captures the main features of the experimental
results. This spectroscopic study paves the way for future experiments of
making a direct link between fiber optics and radio transmission via Rydberg
atoms.Comment: 5 pages and 4 figure
Ternary Compression for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning
Learning over massive data stored in different locations is essential in many
real-world applications. However, sharing data is full of challenges due to the
increasing demands of privacy and security with the growing use of smart mobile
devices and IoT devices. Federated learning provides a potential solution to
privacy-preserving and secure machine learning, by means of jointly training a
global model without uploading data distributed on multiple devices to a
central server. However, most existing work on federated learning adopts
machine learning models with full-precision weights, and almost all these
models contain a large number of redundant parameters that do not need to be
transmitted to the server, consuming an excessive amount of communication
costs. To address this issue, we propose a federated trained ternary
quantization (FTTQ) algorithm, which optimizes the quantized networks on the
clients through a self-learning quantization factor. A convergence proof of the
quantization factor and the unbiasedness of FTTQ is given. In addition, we
propose a ternary federated averaging protocol (T-FedAvg) to reduce the
upstream and downstream communication of federated learning systems. Empirical
experiments are conducted to train widely used deep learning models on publicly
available datasets, and our results demonstrate the effectiveness of FTTQ and
T-FedAvg compared with the canonical federated learning algorithms in reducing
communication costs and maintaining the learning performance
Nitroglycerine-induced nitrate tolerance compromises propofol protection of the endothelial cells against TNF-α: the role of PKC-β2 and NADPH oxidase
published_or_final_versio
Elimination of degenerate trajectory of single atom strongly coupled to the tilted cavity TEM10 mode
We demonstrate the trajectory measurement of the single neutral atoms
deterministically using a high-finesse optical micro-cavity. Single atom
strongly couples to the high-order transverse vacuum TEM_{10} mode, instead of
the usual TEM_{00} mode, and the parameter of the system is (g_{10},\kappa
,\gamma )=2\pi \times (20.5,2.6,2.6)MHz. The atoms simply fall down freely from
the magneto-optic trap into the cavity modes and the trajectories of the single
atoms are linear. The transmission spectrums of atoms passing through the TEM10
mode are detected by a single photon counting modules and well fitted. Thanks
to the tilted cavity transverse TEM10 mode, which is inclined to the vertical
direction about 45 degrees and it helps us, for the first time, to eliminate
the degenerate trajectory of the single atom falling through the cavity and get
the unique atom trajectory. Atom position with high precision of 0.1{\mu}m in
the off-axis direction (axis y) is obtained, and the spatial resolution of
5.6{\mu}m is achieved in time of 10{\mu}s along the vertical direction (axis
x). The average velocity of the atoms is also measured from the atom transits,
which determines the temperature of the atoms in magneto-optic trap, 186{\mu}K
{\pm} 19{\mu}K.Comment: 13 pages, 5figure
Interconversion of intrinsic defects in
Photoemission features associated with states deep in the band gap of n−SrTiO₃ (001) are found to be ubiquitous in bulk crystals and epitaxial films. These features are present even when there is little signal near the Fermi level. Analysis reveals that these states are deep-level traps associated with defects. The commonly investigated defects—O vacancies, Sr vacancies, and aliovalent impurity cations on the Ti sites—cannot account for these features. Rather, ab initio modeling points to these states resulting from interstitial oxygen and its interaction with donor electrons
Microsatellite Development for an Endangered Bream Megalobrama pellegrini (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) Using 454 Sequencing
Megalobrama pellegrini is an endemic fish species found in the upper Yangtze River basin in China. This species has become endangered due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam and overfishing. However, the available genetic data for this species is limited. Here, we developed 26 polymorphic microsatellite markers from the M. pellegrini genome using next-generation sequencing techniques. A total of 257,497 raw reads were obtained from a quarter-plate run on 454 GS-FLX titanium platforms and 49,811 unique sequences were generated with an average length of 404 bp; 24,522 (49.2%) sequences contained microsatellite repeats. Of the 53 loci screened, 33 were amplified successfully and 26 were polymorphic. The genetic diversity in M. pellegrini was moderate, with an average of 3.08 alleles per locus, and the mean observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.47 and 0.51, respectively. In addition, we tested cross-species amplification for all 33 loci in four additional breams: M. amblycephala, M. skolkovii, M. terminalis, and Sinibrama wui. The cross-species amplification showed a significant high level of transferability (79%–97%), which might be due to their dramatically close genetic relationships. The polymorphic microsatellites developed in the current study will not only contribute to further conservation genetic studies and parentage analyses of this endangered species, but also facilitate future work on the other closely related species
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