Dispute on education in the context of the Austrian theory of economics

Artykuł został poświęcony problemowi roli i znaczenia edukacji w gospodarce oraz kwestii kontrolowania procesu edukacji przez państwo i rynek. Autor odwołał się w tym celu do austriackiej szkoły ekonomii. W artykule podjęto też próbę: oceny działań podejmowanych w ramach polityki edukacyjnej państwa, działań przedstawicieli rynku w zakresie edukacji w Polsce, a także wyjaśnienia konsekwencji tych działań w postaci: paradoksalnej sytuacji polegającej na jednoczesnym występowaniu zjawisk przeedukowania, niskiej aktywności edukacyjnej dorosłych, luki kompetencyjnej i niedoborów kompetencji w poszczególnych zawodach. Autor zwrócił uwagę na relację między indywidualnym wymiarem edukacji, a gospodarką, wyodrębnił proces tworzenia kapitału ludzkiego z procesu edukacji, wskazał bariery w realizacji indywidualnego wymiaru edukacji w polskim systemie edukacji jak również dążenia do przezwyciężenia tych barier.The paper is devoted to the role and importance of education in an economy and the question of controlling the process of education by the state and market. The problems are discussed in the light of the Austrian school of economics. The author also attempts to assess the steps taken by the Polish state in the field of education and to explain the consequences of these steps, especially the paradox of simultaneous occurrence of over-education, poor educational activity among adults, skill gaps and skill shortages in certain occupations. The author points out the relationship between the individual dimension of education and the economy, identifies the creation of human capital in the educational process, indicates barriers to the implementation of the individual dimension of education in the Polish educational system, and proposes ways to overcome these [email protected] Paweł Drobny – Katedra Mikroekonomii, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowi

The Human as Capital? A Contribution to the Critique of the Theory of Human Capital

In modern economic theories, human qualities are treated as autonomous production factors, which are called “human capital”. However, in these theories, there is no description of the relationship between human capital and the man who is his “bearer,” nor an explanation of the process of that capital formation. In the thesis, the author tries to justify it as follows: Human qualities, including knowledge and skills, are an integral part of a human being, that is, they are involved in every human act. It is therefore wrong to analyze their economic significance in isolation from the whole structure of human activity. Through his action, man discovers the potential in things and relationships in the form of the possibility of using them for a particular purpose. Capital is thus realized by the human potential of things that form a system for transforming the world. In the first part, a general description of the theory of human capital will be made. In the second part, it will be criticized. In turn an attempt will be made in the third part to show the proper relationship between man and capital from the perspective of personalism.The “Annales. Ethics in Economic Life” is affiliated and co-financed by the Faculty of Economics and Sociology of the University of Lodz

Reclaiming the Musical Burlesque: A Reconstruction of the 1855 Musical Score to John Brougham’s \u3ci\u3ePo-Ca-Hon-Tas: Or, The Gentle Savage\u3c/i\u3e

Most historians begin their musical theatre chronologies with the 1866 premiere of The Black Crook. However, a few respected scholars cite Po-Ca-Hon-Tas: or, The Gentle Savage, John Brougham’s 1855 musical burlesque, as an important development in the art form’s earlier evolution. The neglect of Brougham’s work is often justified for two reasons. First, his practice of creating lyrics to pre-existing melodies reduces his work to second-tier status. Second, because none of Brougham’s musical scores are extant, it is impossible to recreate a performance of his work and access its qualities. I offer two responses. First, as our contemporary musical theatre has grown so dependent upon reuse of existing musical material, is it not time to rethink our prejudices towards Brougham’s methods? Might we even regard him as a creative artist 150 years ahead of his time? Second, by building upon information Brougham offers in the published libretto and research presented by musicologist William Brooks in a 1984 American Music article, it is indeed possible to reconstruct a reasonable facsimile of the original score to Po-Ca-Hon-Tas. The purpose of this capstone project is to create a piano-vocal score featuring musical settings of all forty sung texts notated in Brougham’s script. Used in conjunction with the published libretto, this score will allow any modern musical theatre historian, student or aficionado to mount a performance or concert presentation of the work, hopefully engendering more meaningful discussion as to the importance of mid-nineteenth century musical theatre genres

Development of a Low-Current Plasma-Based Cathode using the Emitter Material C12A7 Electride for Space Applications

Efficient electron sources are crucial for any space-based mission, especially when using electric thrusters. In many respects, hollow cathodes are a baseline technology due to their power-efficient electron emission in the desired current range and the potentially long lifetime of these emitters. However, the delicate design of the heater, with the associated constraints on its operation, and the high degradation of state-of-the-art materials to new propellant options under evaluation for electric space propulsion systems, are severe limitations of current systems. To address some of the most pressing challenges with cathodes, a heaterless plasma-based cathode using the emitter material C12A7 electride has been developed and is described in this thesis. The cathode has been developed with the requirements of an electrodynamic tether demonstration mission in mind. C12A7 electride is an electrically conductive ceramic that has recently attracted much attention as a potential electron emitter in hollow cathodes. However, there appear to be significant challenges with the material itself, requiring careful design evaluation and thorough testing to gain a sufficient understanding of the material's behavior. Most importantly, material degradation in the harsh environment of a plasma. Throughout the thesis, an optimized electride material was developed and tested, yielding a ceramic-metal composite with greatly improved plasma performance compared to pure C12A7 electride material. In addition, a special design of a plasma-based cathode was developed and described, which respects the unique properties of the material and allows convenient operation, and thus characterization and optimization of the cathode. Several milestones have been achieved, including endurance operation for nearly \num{1000} hours, successful operation with a Hall-effect thruster, characterization of the cathode in the discharge current range of \qtyrange{0.2}{2}{\A}, reduction of the flow rate required for ignition and operation down to \qty{2}{\sccm}, and heaterless ignition cycling for up to \num{3300} cycles with a single insert. The observed performance of the cathode was eventually compared with performance data reported in the literature using state-of-the-art materials and showed reasonable comparability. In particular, advantages over state-of-the-art cathodes were identified in terms of ignition behavior: Requiring only \qty{2}{\sccm} of krypton and a potential of less than \qty{400}{\V}, and reaching steady-state operation in less than a few tens of milliseconds, the performance was better than reported in the literature. Combined with the acceptable discharge performance, these results motivate the further development of such an electride cathode for space applications. Due to the simplicity of such a cathode, applications for a wide range of industrial processes may also be considered.:1 - Introduction 2 - Cathode Theory 3 - C12A7 Electride 4 - Scope of Development 5 - Design Development 6 - Thruster Operation 7 - Endurance Operation 8 - Electride Cathode for Low Current EDT Operation 9 - Additional Tests with the Electride Cathode 10 - Discussion of Results and Further Steps 11 - Conclusion Bibliography Appendi

Discovering Exoplanets through Hidden Markov Model Analysis

The goal for the project is to develop a Hidden Markov Model for the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets through the analysis of light curves

Relationships between treatment knowledge, beliefs and outcome following cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate relationships between treatment knowledge, beliefs and outcome in Panic Disorder and/or Agoraphobia (Panic-Ag). Research from the psychotherapy and medical literature indicates patients’ treatment knowledge and beliefs, specifically acceptance of the treatment rationale (ATR), expectancies of treatment outcome (ETO) and treatment self-efficacy (TSE), are associated with clinical outcomes for a range of disorders. However, methodological limitations surrounding measurement of these constructs have undermined conclusions and/or such relationships have not been investigated in the field of Panic-Ag. Relationships between treatment knowledge, beliefs and outcome in Panic-Ag were examined using a 2 phase procedure. Phase 1 involved developing measures of treatment knowledge, ATR, ETO and TSE using patient and clinician samples. The psychometric properties of these measures were found to be satisfactory. Phase 2 investigated associations between treatment knowledge, beliefs and outcome following cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) among 41 Panic-Ag participants. Measures were administered at pretreatment and 6-months posttreatment. It was hypothesised that treatment knowledge, ATR, ETO and TSE would be related to outcome, with associations mediated by belief in catastrophic cognitions. Of 4 Panic- Ag outcome measures (panic attack frequency, panic sensation severity, frequency of catastrophic cognitions and agoraphobic avoidance), results indicated improved treatment knowledge was significantly associated with frequency of catastrophic cognitions and agoraphobic avoidance. Posttreatment TSE was significantly associated with panic attack sensation severity, frequency of catastrophic cognitions and agoraphobic avoidance. Contrary to the hypothesis, ATR was not related to outcome. Similar findings concerning TSE and ATR were obtained in an independent sample of 34 Panic-Ag participants. Exploratory analyses found that pretreatment beliefs including outcome expectancies were unrelated to outcome. Mediational analyses revealed relationships between TSE and outcome were partially mediated by belief in catastrophic cognitions while relationships between treatment knowledge and outcome were not. Results are discussed in light of previous research, methodological limitations, clinical implications and future research directions