Imputed Rents and Living Standard Inequalities

In studies of inequalities, economic theory recommends imputing to owner-occupiers the notional rent that they could earn from their housing if they rented it and imputing to low rental public housing tenants the implicit subsidy represented by the rent differential between the public housing sector and the private sector. In practice, these two approaches do not reveal the same degree of legitimacy and need. Imputing notional rents to owners significantly alters the hierarchy of standards of living: poverty would be slightly overestimated if this were disregarded. Imputing an implicit subsidy to public housing tenants is even more debatable in that low rental public housing and private rented housing do not provide the same services and are not designed for the same households. Such an exercise does highlight the handicap that low-income households have as regards housing and also the relative inability of the subsidised housing sector to resolve this problem.Imputed Rents, Living Standards, Inequalities, Tenure

Réduction de la traînée aérodynamique d’un tricycle de type roadster

Le travail de réduction de la traînée aérodynamique d’un véhicule peut être mené sur deux fronts à la fois; d’une part la simulation numérique CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) et d’autre part les tests expérimentaux. Les méthodes et approches appliquées à la réduction de la traînée aérodynamique sont bien connues pour des véhicules de types automobile et motocyclette. La présente recherche porte sur un véhicule Spyder qui combine les aspects d’une automobile par la dimension de sa surface frontale et d’une motocyclette par sa position de conduite et son exposition aux éléments extérieurs. L’étude permet d’identifier les zones génératrices de traînées et de leur appliquer des optimisations adaptées. Nous avons appliqué plusieurs méthodes issues de la littérature afin d’atteindre les objectifs de réduction de la traînée fixés par le projet, soit une réduction de plus de 22% de la traînée aérodynamique totale du véhicule. Les recherches se concentrent sur l’aérodynamique externe du véhicule jusqu’aux interfaces avec l’aérodynamique interne

Littérature orale dans les bibliothèques publiques (La)

Mémoire de fin d\u27étude du diplôme de conservateur, promotion 22 portant sur la littérature orale dans les bibliothèques publiques

Réduction de la traînée aérodynamique et refroidissement d'un tricycle hybride par optimisation paramétrique

La réduction de la traînée aérodynamique des véhicules dans un objectif de diminution de la consommation énergétique est en plein essor aussi bien pour les véhicules électriques que thermiques. Cette étude porte sur un tricycle à motorisation hybride dont la forme et le comportement aérodynamique sont à la frontière entre une motocyclette et une automobile. L'étude s'inspire des avancées scientifiques sur ces deux types de véhicules en matière d'aérodynamique. L'objectif principal est de réduire la traînée aérodynamique du véhicule par des modifications de l'enveloppe externe tout en assurant le refroidissement du moteur thermique et des composants de la chaîne électrique. On développe une optimisation topologique de la position des échangeurs sur le tricycle, on conçoit et fabrique un prototype en fonction des résultats d'optimisation. Ensuite, on valide le prototype par des essais en soufflerie et on caractérise son aérodynamique ainsi que la sensibilité de la traînée du véhicule suivant des paramètres comme la vitesse, l'angle de lacet, etc. En n, l'étude s'oriente vers une approche d'optimisation globale multidisciplinaire permettant d'atteindre l'objectif principal en fonction des contraintes ayant trait au projet

Aerodynamic study of a tricycle wheel subsystem for drag reduction

This paper deals with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental drag analysis on an isolated rotating wheel subsystem (including its accessories: tire, suspension, A-arms, and fender) of a motor tricycle vehicle with two wheels in front. The main goal of the present work is to study the effect of the fender on the wheel subsystem drag and its optimization. The Star CCM+ commercial code was used for the numerical simulations. Different flow conditions were simulated and some results were validated by comparison to wind tunnel experimental results. To perform drag optimization, several aerodynamic fender shapes were designed and simulated as part of the subsystem. A drastic drag reduction up to 30.6% compared to the original wheel subsystem was achieved through numerical simulations

Parental representations after preterm birth: a narrative review

Preterm birth accounts for nearly 15 million births annually worldwide and constitutes a considerable risk factor for atypical development. This birth context is a source of stress for the parents and often leads to an early separation between their child and them. Research on the influence of the birth status on the infant’s attachment style has shown no systematic link between preterm birth and the development of insecure attachment in children born preterm. This has opened up research perspectives in understanding the role of environmental factors. A literature review was conducted to present an overview of the current findings on parental representations (PR), particularly maternal ones, and their role in the context of preterm birth. PR quality appears to be associated with specific dyadic interaction patterns, thus exposing vulnerability factors. Studies exploring PR have pointed out the importance of considering parental mental elaboration mechanisms and contextual moderators in supporting socio-emotional development among children born preterm. We discussed the challenges of investigating PR in the context of preterm birth for future studies and emphasized the need for research studies to be conducted according to a developmental and non-deterministic perspective. This narrative review also aimed to highlight the importance of family centered care interventions in the context of a public policy focused on the child’s “First 1,000 days” of life

El hábitat popular en Francia: elementos de reflexión con miradas hacia el Perú

El lugar del hábitat popular en la ciudad sostenible es el eje central de la entrevista que se le realizó a Jean-Claude Driant, quien estudió el caso de Lima hace treinta años y es actualmente especialista del tema de la vivienda en Francia. Esta conversación, generada con motivo del Foro Urbano Nacional «¿Ciudades populares, ciudades sostenibles? El hábitat popular en debate» organizado en septiembre de 2016 en Lima, propone abordar diferentes aspectos de los barrios populares, y en particular de las políticas públicas de las que son objeto. Se partió de la hipótesis que la confrontación de realidades distintas permite hacer emerger ideas originales o, por lo menos, renovar las formas de ver y de formular el problema. La «mixidad» social, la participación o la sostenibilidad son algunos de los temas abordados, desde la experiencia francesa, con la realidad peruana en la mira.La place de l’habitat populaire dans la ville durable est la question centrale discutée dans cette interview de Jean-Claude Driant, qui a étudié le cas de Lima il y a trente ans et est actuellement spécialiste du logement en France. Cette discussion, générée à l’occasion du Forum urbain national «¿Ciudades populares, ciudades sostenibles? El hábitat popular en debate», organisé en septembre 2016 à Lima, propose d’aborder différents aspects des quartiers populaires, et en particulier les politiques publiques dont ils font l’objet. Elle part de l’hypothèse que la confrontation de réalités différentes permet de faire émerger des idées originales, ou pour le moins, de rénover la façon de voir et de formuler le problème. La mixité sociale, la participation ou la durabilité son quelques-uns des thèmes abordés, depuis l’expérience française, avec la réalité péruvienne en ligne de mire.The place of the popular habitat within the sustainable city is the central question discussed in this interview of Jean-Claude Driant, a specialist in the housing questions in France, who worked on the case of Lima 30 years ago. This discussion, begun on the occasion of the national urban fórum entitled “Ciudades populares, ciudades sostenibles? El habitat popular en debate” in September, 2016 in Lima, suggests an approach to different aspects of popular neighborhoods, and its associated public policies. It assumes that the confrontation of different realities will yield original ideas, or at least, renew the ways of addressing and formulating the problem. “Social mixity”, participation andsustainability are some of the issues tackled, from the French standpoint, while putting the Peruvian reality in perspective

PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE SECONDARY EFFECTS OF NEONATAL HEARING SCREENING

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o impacto psicológico da triagem sistemática da surdez nos pais das crianças criadas. Informar os pais de uma surdez potencial desde os primeiros d^las de vida pode provocar uma angústia materna assim como uma desorganização das primeiras relações mae-criança. Os resultados obtidas mostram que os pais apresentam um nível alto de ansiedades porém mantendo interações de qualidade com o seu bebê.The purpose of lhe present study is to assess lhe psychological impact of neonatal hearing screening on parental altitudes. Informing lhe parents about potential deafness in lhe neonatal period can produce excessivo parental anxiety and dysfunctional parent-child interactions. The results show high levei of parental anxiety, but lhe parent-child interaction is normal

Computer-aided screening of autism spectrum disorder: Eye-tracking study using data visualization and deep learning

Background: The early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly desirable but remains a challenging task, which requires a set of cognitive tests and hours of clinical examinations. In addition, variations of such symptoms exist, which can make the identification of ASD even more difficult. Although diagnosis tests are largely developed by experts, they are still subject to human bias. In this respect, computer-assisted technologies can play a key role in supporting the screening process. Objective: This paper follows on the path of using eye tracking as an integrated part of screening assessment in ASD based on the characteristic elements of the eye gaze. This study adds to the mounting efforts in using eye tracking technology to support the process of ASD screening Methods: The proposed approach basically aims to integrate eye tracking with visualization and machine learning. A group of 59 school-aged participants took part in the study. The participants were invited to watch a set of age-appropriate photographs and videos related to social cognition. Initially, eye-tracking scanpaths were transformed into a visual representation as a set of images. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network was trained to perform the image classification task. Results: The experimental results demonstrated that the visual representation could simplify the diagnostic task and also attained high accuracy. Specifically, the convolutional neural network model could achieve a promising classification accuracy. This largely suggests that visualizations could successfully encode the information of gaze motion and its underlying dynamics. Further, we explored possible correlations between the autism severity and the dynamics of eye movement based on the maximal information coefficient. The findings primarily show that the combination of eye tracking, visualization, and machine learning have strong potential in developing an objective tool to assist in the screening of ASD. Conclusions: Broadly speaking, the approach we propose could be transferable to screening for other disorders, particularly neurodevelopmental disorders