Uma análise do conhecimento acerca das atribuições da Polícia Militar / An analysis of the knowledge about the attributions of the Military Police

No âmbito da segurança pública é necessário especificar o papel das polícias na sociedade. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar o conhecimento disponível acerca das atribuições da Polícia Militar e sua história evolutiva. A metodologia utilizada embasou uma revisão bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa e utilização do método exploratório e descritivo. Os resultados mostraram que a falta de conhecimento sobre as atribuições da Polícia Militar pode causar uma visão distorcida tanto da segurança pública quanto da forma como ela é efetivada pelas corporações militares, o que pode implicar em opiniões equivocadas por parte de alguns estudiosos. Pode-se concluir que a questão de segurança pública apresenta aspectos de alta complexidade que não podem ser resolvidos a partir de definições simplórias e superficiais. É de suma importância que as corporações militares possibilitem o adequado acesso à informação aos estudiosos do tema, contribuindo para a produção de novos conhecimentos acerca da complexa atividade policial

Emergence and physiological behavior of provenances of pinhão manso in function of level of aluminum

The aluminum in high levels in the soil affects the emergence, growth, and development of various species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence and physiological behavior of four provenances of Jatropha curcas subjected to different levels of aluminum. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with four levels of aluminum in the soil (8.2, 16.5, 24.0 mmolc·dm-3 and control) and four provenances of J. curcas seeds (P1 = Dourados-MS, P2 = Montes Claros-MG, P3 = Alta Floresta-MT, and P4 = Petrolina-PE); the effects of aluminum toxicity were investigated in 25, 50, 75, and 100 days after emergence. The levels of aluminum in the soil were collected from the initial soil correction, which featured an aluminum level of 24.0 mmolc dm-3. The seedling emergence was not affected by treatment with aluminum; however, the height and leaf area of P1, P2, and P3 were reduced with increasing levels of aluminum. The emergence and vigor of J. curcas seeds were not influenced by the differences in the origins of the seeds or by the aluminum levels evaluated. Gas exchanges were affected negatively by aluminum and the responses of the chlorophyll a fluorescence indicate harmful effect in the photosynthetic apparatus. The seeds of origin P4 (Petrolina-PE) has increased tolerance to stress conditions

Complications in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 infection

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of complications during hospitalization in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, as well as the association with mortality and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involved 306 patients admitted to a COVID ward and ICU aged 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection admitted to a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiological and outcome data were collected from the patients' charts. RESULTS: According to the data analyzed during hospitalization, 230 (75.2%) patients developed complications, 281 (91.8%) patients had comorbidities and 169 (55.2%) patients died. There are no differences regarding the sex of the patients. The most prevalent complication was ventilator-associated pneumonia, present in 130 (42.5%) patients, followed by acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, presented by 100 (32.7%) patients. The calculation of the relative risk of death according to the occurrence of complications showed p<0.0001 for acute renal failure, p<0.0001 for orotracheal intubation and p=0.0434 for acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: The relative risk of death in COVID-19 is significant, showing an increase in relation to age, length of hospital stay and complications. Prevention, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce the mortality rate in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of complications during hospitalization in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, as well as the association with mortality and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involved 306 patients admitted to a COVID ward and ICU aged 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection admitted to a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiological and outcome data were collected from the patients' charts. RESULTS: According to the data analyzed during hospitalization, 230 (75.2%) patients developed complications, 281 (91.8%) patients had comorbidities and 169 (55.2%) patients died. There are no differences regarding the sex of the patients. The most prevalent complication was ventilator-associated pneumonia, present in 130 (42.5%) patients, followed by acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, presented by 100 (32.7%) patients. The calculation of the relative risk of death according to the occurrence of complications showed p<0.0001 for acute renal failure, p<0.0001 for orotracheal intubation and p=0.0434 for acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: The relative risk of death in COVID-19 is significant, showing an increase in relation to age, length of hospital stay and complications. Prevention, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce the mortality rate in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

SUBSTRATES AND WATER AVAILABILITY ON THE EMERGENCE AND INITIAL GROWTH OF Alibertia sessilis Schum. SEEDLINGS

The cultivation of native species in the Cerrado has encountered various problems, for instance, the slow growth and the lack of knowledge about the cultivation practices. In order to better use the available water resources and to produce quality seedlings, this study aimed to evaluate different substrates and water levels on the emergence and initial growth of Alibertia sessilis Schum. seedlings. The effects of the following substrates were evaluated: dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol), Oxisol +sand (1:1 v/v), Oxisol + sand + semi-decomposed poultry litter (1:1:0.5 v/v), Oxisol + sand 2 + semi-decomposed poultry litter (1:2:0.5 v/v) and Oxisol + commercial-substrate-CS (1:1 v/v) associated with the levels of irrigation of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the water holding capacity in the substrate (WHC). The best results for emergence percentage, initial growth and quality of seedlings were observed in the substrates Oxisol + sand 2 + poultry litter (1:2:0,5) at 100% of WHC. There was no emergence at 25% of WHC.           Keywords: Rubiaceae, marmelinho, fruit of the Cerrado. ResumoSubstratos e disponibilidade hídrica na emergência e crescimento inicial de mudas de Alibertia sessilis Schum. O cultivo de espécies nativas no Cerrado tem esbarrado em vários problemas, entre eles, o crescimento lento e a carência de conhecimentos sobre as práticas culturais. A fim de melhor utilizar os recursos hídricos disponíveis e produzir mudas de qualidade, objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar diferentes substratos e níveis de água na emergência e no crescimento inicial das mudas Alibertia sessilis Schum. Foram avaliados os efeitos dos substratos Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (LVd), LVd +areia (1:1 v/v), LVd + areia + cama de frango semidecomposta (1:1:0,5 v/v), LVd + areia 2 + cama de frango semidecomposta (1:2:0,5 v/v) e LVd + substrato comercial -SC (1:1 v/v) associados aos níveis de irrigação de 25, 50, 75 e 100% da capacidade de retenção de água no substrato (CRA). Os melhores resultados para porcentagem de emergência, crescimento inicial e qualidade das mudas foram observados nos substratos LVd + areia 2 + cama de frango (1:2:0,5) a 100% da CRA.  Não houve emergência a 25% da CRA.          Palavras-chave: Rubiaceae, marmelinho, frutífera do Cerrado.The cultivation of native species in the Cerrado has encountered various problems, for instance, the slow growth and the lack of knowledge about the cultivation practices. In order to better use the available water resources and to produce quality seedlings, this study aimed to evaluate different substrates and water levels on the emergence and initial growth of Alibertia sessilis Schum. seedlings. The effects of the following substrates were evaluated: dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol), Oxisol +sand (1:1 v/v), Oxisol + sand + semi-decomposed poultry litter (1:1:0.5 v/v), Oxisol + sand 2 + semi-decomposed poultry litter (1:2:0.5 v/v) and Oxisol + commercial-substrate-CS (1:1 v/v) associated with the levels of irrigation of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the water holding capacity in the substrate (WHC). The best results for emergence percentage, initial growth and quality of seedlings were observed in the substrates Oxisol + sand 2 + poultry litter (1:2:0,5) at 100% of WHC. There was no emergence at 25% of WHC

Características morfométricas, rendimento corporal e composição química da piranha

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características morfométricas, rendimento corporal e composição química da piranha Pygocentrus nattereri. Utilizou-se 50 exemplares, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto por cinco tratamentos (diferentes classes de peso) e 10 repetições. Considerou-se como unidade experimental o peixe inteiro e os tratamentos constituídos pelos animais nas classes de peso: 200 a 299g, 300 a 399g, 400 a 499g, 500 a 599g e 600 a 699g. Avaliaram-se as relações morfométricas de comprimento da cabeça/comprimento padrão (CC/CP), comprimento da cabeça/altura da cabeça (CC/AC), comprimento padrão/comprimento total (CP/CT), largura do tronco/comprimento do tronco (LTR/CTR), largura do tronco/altura da cabeça (LTR/AC) e altura da cabeça/comprimento do tronco (AC/CTR), na sequência foram avaliados os rendimentos dos cortes: tronco limpo (TL), filé (FL), cabeça (CA), nadadeiras (NA) e carcaça (CR). Também foram avaliados os parâmetros de umidade (UM), resíduo mineral (MM) e proteína bruta (PB), do filé dos peixes. Os parâmetros CC/CP, CC/AC, CP/CT, LTR/CTR e AC/CTR apresentaram médias de 0,34, 0,96, 0,85, 0,83, 1,56 e 0,54, respectivamente, não apresentando diferenças (p>0,05); os rendimentos dos cortes apresentaram médias de TL=65,32%, FL=47,22%, CA=25,73%, NA=4,64% e CR=17,36% não apresentando diferenças (p>0,05). Os resultados de composição química apresentaram efeito (p0,05) para as demais variáveis estudadas. As piranhas com peso médio variando de 200 a 699g apresentam semelhanças morfométricas e de rendimento corporal. Todavia, o filé apresenta um maior nível de proteína nas classes de peso de 400 a 699g

Caffeine-related genes influence anxiety disorders in children and adults with ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders (AD) frequently co-occur, increasing morbidity and challenging treatment. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant and acts in the brain through adenosine receptors, influencing attention, alertness, and anxiety. In the present study, we performed a gene-set analysis to verify if genes related to caffeine response are associated with anxiety disorders in 240 children and 406 adults with ADHD. We demonstrated an association between the gene-set with AD in children (P = 0.0054) and with the number of anxiety disorders in adults (P = 0.0197). In order to test if this effect is a result of anxiety in general or is related to AD comorbid with ADHD, we evaluated the association between caffeine gene-set with AD in an adult control sample. The gene-set was neither associated with the AD presence (P = 0.3008) nor with the number of AD (P = 0.5594) in this control sample. We also test this gene set with ADHD (n = 55,374) and AD (n = 18,186) GWAS summary statistics, and we did not observe significant results with ADHD (P = 0.5587) or AD (P = 0.3930). These findings suggest the caffeine-related genes play a role in the etiology of an anxiety disorder phenotype present in children and adults with ADHD