The Assessment of Carrying Capacity – A Crucial T ool for M anaging T ourism E ffects in T ourist D estinations

It is beyond doubt that the theory of tourism lags behind tourism practice. In order to decrease such a gap, theoretical work in tourism has been intensified over the last two decades. The key problems of research include: analysis, interpretation, and management of heterogeneous effects of tourism development, permeating different aspects of human life and work – from the global to the local level. This paper discusses the role, significance, and the ways of estimation and interpretation of the concept of carrying capacity within the conceptual framework of contemporary tourism. The paper also analyses various attitudes and conflicting opinions as to this, still much debated, concept. In the end, some crucial concluding remarks are presented that could alleviate the application of the concept of carrying capacity in practice, assuming its important role in planning tourist destination development and management of various tourism impacts

The assessment of carrying capacity: A crucial tool for managing tourism effects in tourist destinations

It is beyond doubt that the theory of tourism lags behind tourism practice. In order to decrease such a gap, theoretical work in tourism has been intensified over the last two decades. The key problems of research include: analysis, interpretation, and management of heterogeneous effects of tourism development, permeating different aspects of human life and work - from the global to the local level. This paper discusses the role, significance, and the ways of estimation and interpretation of the concept of carrying capacity within the conceptual framework of contemporary tourism. The paper also analyses various attitudes and conflicting opinions as to this, still much debated, concept. In the end, some crucial concluding remarks are presented that could alleviate the application of the concept of carrying capacity in practice, assuming its important role in planning tourist destination development and management of various tourism impacts

Economic impact of cruise tourism along the pan-European corridor VII

This paper provides some tentative estimates of the economic impact of cruise tourism in receptive countries and regions along the Pan-European Corridor VII. Examples are provided to illustrate the potential benefit to Vojvodina Region (Case study). The results of the analysis have shown that the Corridor VII cruises have positive impact on Vojvodina Province, primarily the riparian area of the Danube (only Novi Sad - the "Port of Vojvodina for cruisers"). Although the benefits exclude accommodation and food expenditure, they are noticeable within the following segments: tourism promotion (broadening the scopes of Vojvodina Province as a receptive area for the foreign market through its cultural heritage and natural values); increase in foreign tourist turnover, visitor's expenditures; new job opportunities (adequate infrastructure and superstructure rendering services to ships, crew and passengers) - harbors, carriers, souvenir shops, etc. / new products, business net, exchange money, invisible export, etc. The results of the research may initiate further studies on the cause and effect connections between this type of travelling and resources of receptive countries, upon which the travels are based, both aiming at adequate design and launching of the tourist offer, i.e. the optimal development of receptive countries through sustainable tourism. Also, the discussion provides potentially useful information to the different stakeholders in the evolving cruise tourism industry, particularly regarding expected (private or social) returns on investment

The methodical agents of socialization: school, theatre and the media and their impact on development of interests of high school students for theatre

PLANSKI AGENSI SOCIJALIZACIJE: ŠKOLA, POZORIŠTE I MEDIJI I NJIHOV UTICAJ NA RAZVOJ INTERESOVANJA UČENIKA SREDNJE ŠKOLE ZA POZORIŠTE Ova doktorska disertacija predstavlja obimna teorijska i empirijska interdisciplinarna istraživanja korelacije, tj. međusobnih uticaja, tri ključna posmatrana fenomena: 1. kulture i društva kao izvora socijalizacije, 2. agenasa socijalizacije koje čine: škola, pozorište i sredstva masovne komunikacije (televizija, štampa, radio i internet) i 3. interesovanja učenika srednjih škola za pozorište. Izučavanje ova tri fenomena dovelo je do zaključka da je velika nezainteresovanost učenika srednjih škola za pozorište posledica slabosti postojećeg sistema socijalizacije koje se ogledaju u zanemarenim kulturnim i obrazovnim funkcijama škola, pozorišta i medija, kao planskih agenasa socijalizacije. Nezainteresovanost učenika srednjih škola za pozorište je stoga, samo deo slike o intenzivnom rastu onog dela stanovništva koje smatramo pozorišnom nepublikom u Srbiji. Sa aspekta menadžmenta u kulturi ova pojava predstavlja hroničan problem, čije rešavanje mora počivati isključivo na principima dugoročnog i inovativnog strategijskog menadžmenta. Rezultati ovog naučnog istraživanja opisuju fenomen nezainteresovanosti srednjoškolske populacije za pozorište i okolnosti u kojima se ona javlja u procesu socijalizacije, definišu značaj i mesto pozorišta u kulturnom i društvenom sistemu u Srbiji i konačno prikazuju adekvatne teorijske i empirijske osnove kao polazno uporište u modelovanju strategije razvoja mlade pozorišne ili bilo koje druge umetničke publike. THE METHODICAL AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION: SCHOOL, THEATRE AND THE MEDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT OF INTERESTS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS FOR THEATRE This doctoral thesis presents extensive theoretical and empirical interdisciplinary research of correlation, i.e. mutual influences of three key phenomena observed: 1. culture and society as sources of socialization, 2. agents of socialization that consist of school, theater and the mass-media (television, printed media, radio and internet) and 3. interests of high school students for the theater. The study of these three phenomena has led to the conclusion that the vast indifference of high school students for theater is a consequence of weaknesses in the existing system of socialization, which are reflected in neglected cultural and educational functions of schools, theaters and media, as well as methodical agents of socialization. Lack of interest of high school students for the theater is, therefore, only a part of the picture of the intensive growth of that population part that we consider as theater non-publics in Serbia. From the aspect of culture management, this phenomenon represents a chronic problem, whose solution must be based exclusively on the principles of long-term and innovative strategic management. The results of this scientific research describe the phenomenon of disinterest among secondary school population for the theater and the circumstances in which it occurs in the socialization process, define the importance and the place of theater in the cultural and social system in Serbia and, finally, show adequate theoretical and empirical basis as a staging point in the modeling of strategy for development of youth theater, or any other art audience

Assessment of effectiveness gait menagement with complex physical treatment in rehabilitation after stroke

Uvod: Uspostavljanje i poboljšanje funkcije hoda predstavlja jedan od glavnih ciljeva rehabilitacije bolesnika posle moždanog udara. Osposobljavanje za hod je osnov za postizanje nezavisnosti kako u aktivnostima samozbrinjavanja i dnevnog života, tako i za socijalnu reintegraciju ovih osoba. Savremeni pristup u rehabilitaciji hoda bolesnika posle MU može predstavljati primenu jednog ili češće kombinaciju više različitih terapijskih modaliteta. Konvencionalne i neurofacilitatorne tehnike se sve više kombinuju sa tehanikama koje podrazumevaju primenu intenzivnog, na motorni zadatak orjentisanog pokreta sa mogućnošću velikog broja ponavljanja tokom treninga. Noviji terapijski pristupi u rehabilitaciji bolesnika posle MU zasnivaju se na rezultatima dobijenim eksperimentalnim istraživanjima koje dovode u vezu oporavak funkcije sa konceptom motornog učenja i adaptivnog plasticiteta mozga. Poslednjih godina je pokazano da je terapija uspešna ako omogućuje treniranje pokreta, u ovom slučaju hoda, pri kome su sekvence hoda slične sekvencama karakterističnim za hod osoba bez motornih deficita. Da bi se omogućilo vežbanje, razvijeni su sistemi koji omogućuju kontrolu balansa i delimično rasterećenje pri hodu. Sistem koji je dostupan za terapijski rad se zove Walkaround, i omogućuje kretanje bez potrebe za dodatnim pomagalima (razboj, štapovi, fizička podrška terapeuta). Walkaround je električno vođeno pomagalo pri kome je pacijentu osigurano da ne može da padne, a postoji i pojas koji održava gornji deo tela u položaju pogodnom za vežbanje hodanja različitim brzinama. Cilj rada je da se istraži i pokaže neposredni i dugoročni uticaj složenog fizikalnog tretmana, koji uključuje primenu funkcionalne električne terapije (FET) i posturalne podrške telu (Walkaround), na funkcionalno stanje hoda bolesnika posle moždanog udara. Pacijenti i metod: Istraživanjem su praćeni bolesnici koji su bili na ambulantnom i intrahospitalnom rehabilitacionom tretmanu. Istreživanje je sprovedeno na Klinici za rehabilitaciju "Dr Miroslav Zotović" u Beogradu u saradnji sa Elektrotehničkim fakultetom Univerziteta u Beogradu...Background: Establishing and improving function of gait is one of the most important goals in rehabilitation of patients after stroke. Enabling for walking is basic for achieving independency in activities of daily living and self-management as well as in social reintegration of those patients. Modern approach in rehabilitation of gait in patients after stroke can be one or more often combination of several different therapeutic modalities. Conventional and neurofacilitation techniques are often combined with techniques of intensive motor-oriented moves with ability for large number of repeats during training. New therapeutic approaches in rehabilitation patients with stroke are based on results gathered through experimental researches that connect function recovery with concept of motor learning and adaptive brain plasticity. In recent period, it was shown that the therapy is successful if it enables move, or gait, training, during which walking sequences are similar to those of healthy subjects. To enable training, systems with balance control and partial body weight support were developed. One of them, used for therapeutic work, is called Walkaround, and it enables moving without additional help (parallel bars, canes, and help of therapist). Walkaround is electric driven device where patient is secured from falling, and also there is a belt for upper body part to maintain position suitable for walk practicing in different speed. The aim of the work is to investigate short and long term impact of complex physical training, which includes functional electrical therapy (FET) and body postural support (Walkaround), to walking ability in patients after stroke. Patients and methods: In and out patients during rehabilitation treatments were included in this study. It took place at Clinic for rehabilitation „Dr Miroslav Zotović“ in Belgrade with support of Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade. Ninety adult subjects were included with dg of brain stroke. Two different.

Structure et propriétés électroniques de nanotubes de carbone en solution polyélectrolyte

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES IN HOTEL BUSINESS

Tourism development, if not sustainable, could threat and affect the environment as an object of tourists’ interest. Accordingly, hotels as a type of tourism organizations within a destination, are trying to involve sustainable business activities in their operations in order to protect the environment. In hotels within developed countries, sustainable activities are already implemented in the business and they are in the balance with the environment. However, implementation of these activities within societies in transition, such as Serbia, is still in initial level, which is confirmed in this research. The subject of this paper is, therefore, oriented toward the business activities of hotels located within Kopaonik, popular destination of winter tourism and National Park of Serbia, and these activities are researched through the employees’ perspective of ecological, socio-cultural and economic principles of the hotel business. Methods used in the paper are: descriptive, comparative, statistical and the critical one. Also, a survey research was conducted for the purpose of the paper and it obtained a sample of 211 hotel employees. The research results explained the current state within the hotel business of Kopaonik related to activities focused on ecological, socio-cultural and economic principles of sustainable development. Also, results indicate the level of employees’ job satisfaction and the level of their job commitment in accordance with hotels’ involvement in sustainable practices. All researched constructs of the paper are interpreted as important aspects of Kopaonik’s sustainability on the tourist market

THE PERCEPTION OF UNETHICAL ISSUES IN SELECTED THAILAND TOURIST AREAS: MEASURING THE ATTITUDES OF FOREIGN TOURISM STUDENTS

The principal aim of the paper was to examine what kind of experience international exchange students, as future professionals in tourism industry, gained during their study at the Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism in Phuket, Thailand. Thus, the paper deals with how often they encountered the unethical issues in the tourism industry, and how these issues affect their perception of the image of Thailand as a tourist destination. The paper also explores how formal education in Tourism ethics affects the perception of Thailand tourism unethical practices, and as such, it is one of the first studies in this field. In addition, the paper intends to show if there is a relationship between formal education in Ethics in tourism and the respondents’ experience and perception of unethical issues. The results show that these unethical issues have the significant and very strong influence on tourism perception of Thailand with a special emphasis on exploitation of women and children in sex tourism. Also, the study indicates that respondents who have a formal education in Ethics were more aware and had a clearer picture of the negative effect of these unethical issues on the image of Thailand as a destination

Uticaj transgenaze na kvalitet i prinos mesa kunića

In this paper results of the effect of transgenesis on quality and yield of rabbit meat are presented. During the trial body mass of transgenic progeny of F1 generation was monitored and compared to control group (nontransgenic animals of same age). Subsequent to slaughtering, meat yield, ratio between certain musculature parts and meat quality (proteins, lipids, water) were analyzed. Obtained data was compared to control group of animals of same age but standard genotype. Meat colour was evaluated on apparatus Specol 11 and expressed as percentage of remission on wave length of 540 μm. Content of elements in thigh muscle was established subsequent to dry mineralization in spectro-photometer UNICAM 939 Cambridge UK. Phosphorus content was measured spectro-photometrically on apparatus SPECOL 11. Subsequent to measuring and systematization, data was statistically analyzed and processed. Arithmetic mean values for certain groups of data were calculated, and their values compared using t-test (Hadživuković, 1991). Changes established in regard to content of water, lipids, energy and water binding capacity, were relative to changes in histological structure and level of metabolic processes. It is possible that these changes are result of pleiotropic effect of integrated gene. However, in order to confirm and interpret these changes, it is necessary to carry out further researches of the microscopic structure and metabolic processes of muscle tissues in transgenic rabbits.U radu su prikazani rezultati uticaja transgeneze na kvalitet i prinos mesa kunića. Ogled je vršen na komercijalnim tovnim hibridima nastalim ukrštanjem Novozelandskih belih i Kalifornijskih kunića. Dobijeni podaci upoređeni su sa kontrolnom grupom vršnjaka standardnog genotipa. Posmatrani su sledeći parametri kod obe grupe životinja: telesna masa (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 i 30- tog dana starosti), klanični podaci (w-težina pre žrtvovanja, dw- težina nakon iskrvarenja, s-težina kože, sp-težina distalnih delova zadnjih nogu, b- težina polutke sa kožom, hd-težina glave bez kože, fl- težina prednjih nogu, t- težina butova, r-težina rebara (grudi), bk - težina leđa, ht- težina srca, ky-težina bubrega, l- težina pluća, lvtežina jetre, git- težina stomaka i creva sa sadržajem, gite-težina praznog stomaka i creva, f- težina masnoće, bt- težina kostiju nogu, mt-težina mišića nogu, bf- težina kostiju prednjih nogu, c- prinos mesa (obraslost muskulaturom %); kvalitet mesa butova (cw- sadržaj vode, cp - sadržaj proteina, cf- sadržaj masti, ce- energija, pH, cc- boja, bw- kapacitet zadržavanja vode) i sadržaj mikroelemenata u mesu buta (Cu, Zn, Fe, K, Na, Mg, P, Ca). Posle merenja i sistematizacije podaci su statistički obrađeni. Izvršena su izračunavanja aritmetičkih sredina pojedinih grupa podataka, a zatim poređenje njihovih vrednosti t-testom (Hadživuković, 1991). Nizak nivo varijabiliteta u svim starosnim kategorijama u obe posmatrane grupe je jasno vidljiv iz vrednosti standardne greške aritmetičke sredine. To je manifestovano statistički značajnim uticajem procesa transgeneze na živu masu pri rođenju uprkos činjenici da je apsolutna razlika aritmetičkih sredina transgene i kontrolne grupe samo 0,005 kg (0,063±0,001 nasuprot 0,058±0,002) (tabela 1). Ovaj uticaj je na granici P=0,05 u tabeli analize varijanse (tabela 2). Razlika aritmetičkih sredina nije statistički značajna kod ostalih starosnih kategorija i ona se gubi već nakon 48 časova. Može se konstatovati da integrisani gen nema uticaja na porast transgenih kunića. Statistički značaj uticaja integrisanog gena je utvrđen kod parametara koji se odnose na masu distalnih delova transgenih i netransgenih kunića (0,062±0,001 nasuprot 0,069±0,001 kg), težine glave (0,119±0,003 nasuprot 0,128±0,003 kg) i težine butova (0,405±0,010 nasuprot 0,433±0,009 kg). Kod ostalih klaničnih karakteristika koje su testirane nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike koje bi bile uslovljene integracijom gena (tabele 3 i 4). Na uzorcima mesa nogu (butovi) praćene su vrednosti koje se odnose na kvalitet mesa (tabele 5 i 6). Dobijeni podaci koji se odnose na sastav mesa (tabela 5) ukazuju da je uticaj integracije gena bio statistički značajan (p (lt) 0,05) u grupi transgenih kunića u poređenju sa netransgenim u pogledu sledećih karakteristika: sadržaj proteina (74,03±0,26 nasuprot 74,84±0,28%), sadržaj masnoće (3,66±0,40 nasuprot 2,32±0,44%), sadržaja energije (495,43±11,81 nasuprot 458,07±12,94%), kapacitet zadržavanja vode (31,66±0,84 nasuprot 35,63±0,92%). Statistički značajne razlike kao posledica uticaja integrisanog gena nisu utvrđene kod ostalih posmatranih parametara (tabela 6). Srednje vrednosti sadržaja elemenata u tkivu mišića pokazale su najveće varijacije od svih posmatranih parametara. Najizraženije varijacije bile su u grupi netransgenih kunića (tabela 7). Broj životinja ili ponavljanja je igrao veliku ulogu. Za većinu posmatranih karakteristika može se reći da nisu pokazale uticaj integrisanog WAP- hFVIII gena u genotipu kunića. Značajnije razlike pojavile su se samo u okviru nekih parametara kvaliteta mesa (tabela 8). Rezultati ukazuju da nije utvrđeno ni prisustvo rhFVIII u skeletnim mišićima transgenih kunića