RESULTS OF THE FIRST TEST CONDUCTED WITHIN THE PROJECT OF DEVELOPING A DOMESTIC MEATY SWINE TYPE 2. QUALITY PROPERTIES OF THE MEAT

U ovom dijelu testa korišteno je meso svinje porijeklom od devet ispitivanih skupina različitog genotipa i porijekla, testiranih u istim uvjetima. Na mesu (MLD) ustanovljene su vrijednosti pH₁ (45\u27,p.m.), pH₂, (24 sata p.m.), sposobnost vezanja vode (sp.v.v.) i boja (Göfo) mesa, zatim je izmjerena površina (cm²,) dugog leđnog mišića (musculus longissimus dorsi - MLD), površina pripadajućeg dijela potkožne slanine (cm²) te izračunavanje međusobnog odnosa mesa i slanine. Dobiveni prosječni rezultati pokazatelja kvalitativnih svojstava mesa pokazuiu da se oni uglavnom nalaze u granicama- normalnog, tj. pH₁ od 6,67 do 6,09; pH₂ od 5,70 do 5,87; sp.v.v. do 6,70 do 8,54 cm² boja od 61,30 do 55,17.Međutim, to se nebi moglo reći za sedmu skupinu (BL x [VJ x NjL x DL]), gdje je uz skoro granične srednje pH₁ vrijednosti (‾x 6,09) bila nepoželjna boja mesa (Göfo = 50,36), a sp.v.v. 9,07cm². Isto tako je, doduše samo boja mesa (Göfo =42,579 znatno odstupala od poželjne u mesu pete skupine (H x [VJ x ŠL] ), dok su ostala svojstva bila u granicama normale. Rezultati površine MLD (39,31- 32,40 cm²), pripadajuće slanine (18,56 -26,67 cm²) i odnosa meso:slanina (0,535-0,822) pokazuju da se radi pretežno o populaciiama dobre mesnatosti. U zakliučku ovog rada se ističe da se prilikom selekcijskog rada u svinjogojstvu, pored praćenja mesnatosti, povodi i stalno praćenje svojstava mesa.This investigation included meat of pigs belonging to 9 groups of different genotype and origin. All groups were tested under the same conditions. The following quality properties of the meat (MLD) were determined: the pH₁, (45\u27 p.m.), the pH₂, (24 hours p.m.), the water holding capacity (WHC) and the colour of the meat (Göfo). The investigation also included measuring the surface (cm²) of the long dorsal muscle (musculus longissimus dorsi - MLD), the surface (cm²) of the adjoining subcutaneous fat, and the calculating of the meat: fat ratio. The mean results obtained indicate that the quality properties of the meat ranged within the normal limits, as follows: the pH₁, the pH₂, the WHG and the colour of the meat ranged from 6.67 to 6.09, from 5.70 to 5.87, from 6.70 to 8.54 cm² and from 61 .30 to 55.17, respectively. However, this was not the case in the trial group 7 ( BL x [VJ x NJL x DL]), where the value of the mean pH₁ ( ‾x 6.09 was notsatisfactory results were and the meat colour was (Göfo= 50.36) and WHC (9.07 cm²), erther. In the trial group 5, as well (H x [VJxSL]), meat colour varied considerably from the wanted, whereas the values of other properties were within the normal limits. From the results of measuring the MLD surface (from 39.31 to 32.40 cm²), the adjoining fat (from 18.56 to 26.67 cm²) and the meat: fat ratio (from 0.535 to 0.822), it was concluded that the swine were mainly of good meatiness. As a conclusion, it was suggested that during the swine selecti6n, not only meatiness but also quality properties of the meat should be monitored

Geschlechts-/Gendergebundene Unterschiede bei Online-Sexaktivitäten und ihre Folgen

Sadašnja istraživanja, premda ograničena broja, upućuju na osobitu raširenost on-line seksualnih aktivnosti (OSA) među mlađim, obrazovanijim i profesionalno dokazanim generacijama. Uz to studije sugeriraju spolnu/rodnu specifičnost OSA. Kako bismo saznali u kojoj su mjeri rezultati inozemnih studija primjenjivi na razumijevanje situacije u Hrvatskoj, potkraj 2004. godine proveli smo prvo domaće on-line istraživanje OSA. Analize pokazuju da se muškarci i žene razlikuju prema količini vremena provedenog u OSA, omjeru između komunikacijskih i konzumacijskih OSA, uspješnosti ostvarivanja fizičkih susreta s on-line poznanicima, netočnom prikazivanju vlastita izgleda i učestalosti intimnih problema (ne i problema u društvenom funkcioniranju) izazvanih OSA. U nekoliko važnih detalja naši se rezultati razlikuju od onih dobivenih u istraživanjima provedenim u SAD-u i Švedskoj. Bez obzira na metodološka ograničenja studije, u zaključku naglašavamo potrebu nastavka praćenja fenomenologije internetske seksualnosti zbog potpunijega razumijevanja suvremenih promjena u seksualnim značenjima i obrascima interakcije.Current studies, although low in number, point to high prevalence of online sexual activities (OSA) among the younger, educated and professionally accomplished generations. Also, the existing body of research indicates a pattern of gender differences in OSA. In order to find out whether these findings are applicable to Croatia, in 2004 we carried out the first online survey on OSA. The analyses show that men and women differ in several important dimensions: in the amount of time spent in OSA, in the ratio between communicational and consummative motives for OSA, in the relative success of offline contacts, in lying about one\u27s appearance, and in the prevalence of intimate (but not professional) problems caused by OSA. In several important details, our findings do not corroborate the results of two US and a Swedish study. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the need for continuing research on the phenomenology of Internet sexuality. In spite of the methodological shortcomings and limitations typical of online surveys, such studies can provide better understanding of the contemporary, increasingly technologically mediated, sexual meanings, interactions and exchanges.Obwohl die Zahl einschlägiger Untersuchungen begrenzt ist, zeigen diese, dass Online-Sexaktivitäten (OSA) besonders in der Generation junger, beruflich realisierter Menschen mit höherem Bildungsgrad verbreitet sind. Die vorliegenden Studien suggerieren außerdem das Bestehen geschlechts-/ gendergebundener Spezifika von OSA. Um herauszufinden, inwiefern die Ergebnisse ausländischer Studien für ein Verständis der in Kroatien herrschenden Verhältnisse verwendbar sind, haben die Autoren Ende 2004 die erste kroatische Online-Umfrage zur Untersuchung von OSA und möglichen relevanten Folgen durchgeführt. Männer und Frauen unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich der mit OSA verbrachten Zeit; unterschiedlich sind auch das Verhältnis zwischen kommunikationsbeschränkten und "konsumierten" OSA, die Erfolgsrate physischer Kontakte mit Online- Bekanntschaften, die (von der Wirklichkeit abweichende) Beschreibung des eigenen Aussehens, die Häufigkeit intimer Probleme als einer Folge von OSA (nicht gemeint sind Probleme mit dem allgemeinen Funktionieren in der Gesellschaft). Die kroatischen Umfrageergebnisse weichen von den in den USA und in Schweden gewonnenen Resultaten in einigen wesentlichen Punkten ab. Ungeachtet der methodologischen Einschränkungen der Studie wird schlussfolgernd die Notwendigkeit betont, die Phänomenologie von Online-Sexaktivitäten auch in Zukunft mitzuverfolgen, um die aktuellen Wandel bezüglich des sexuellen Hintergrunds und der unterschiedlichen Muster menschlichen Interagierens besser verstehen zu können

Increased yield of enzymatic synthesis by chromatographic selection of different N-glycoforms of yeast invertase

Invertases are glycosidases applied for synthesis of alkyl glycosides that are important and effective surfactants. Stability of invertases in the environment with increased content of organic solvent is crucial for increase of productivity of glycosidases. Their stability is significantly influenced by N-glycosylation. However, yeast N-glycosylation pathways may synthesize plethora of N-glycan structures. A total natural crude mixture of invertase glycoforms (EINV) extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subfractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on industrial monolithic supports to obtain different glycoforms (EINV1–EINV3). Separated glycoforms exhibited different stabilities in wateralcohol solutions that are in direct correlation with the amount of phosphate bound to N-glycans. Observed differences in stability of different invertase glycoforms were used to improve productivity of methyl β-d-fructofuranoside (MF) synthesis. The efficiency and yield of MF synthesis were improved more than 50% when the most stabile glycoform bearing the lowest amount of phosphorylated N-glycans is selected and utilized. These data underline the importance of analysis of glycan structures attached to glycoproteins, demonstrate different impact of N-glycans on the surface charge and enzyme stability in regard to particular reaction environment, and provide a platform for improvement of yield of industrial enzymatic synthesis by chromatographic selection of glycoforms on monolithic supports.The peer-reviewed version: [https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3989

Spolne/rodne razlike u on-line seksualnim aktivnostima i njihovim posljedicama

Current studies, although low in number, point to high prevalence of online sexual activities (OSA) among the younger, educated and professionally accomplished generations. Also, the existing body of research indicates a pattern of gender differences in OSA. In order to find out whether these findings are applicable to Croatia, in 2004 we carried out the first online survey on OSA. The analyses show that men and women differ in several important dimensions: in the amount of time spent in OSA, in the ratio between communicational and consummative motives for OSA, in the relative success of offline contacts, in lying about one's appearance, and in the prevalence of intimate (but not professional) problems caused by OSA. In several important details, our findings do not corroborate the results of two US and a Swedish study. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the need for continuing research on the phenomenology of Internet sexuality. In spite of the methodological shortcomings and limitations typical of online surveys, such studies can provide better understanding of the contemporary, increasingly technologically mediated, sexual meanings, interactions and exchanges.Sadašnja istraživanja, premda ograničena broja, upućuju na osobitu raširenost on-line seksualnih aktivnosti (OSA) među mlađim, obrazovanijim i profesionalno dokazanim generacijama. Uz to studije sugeriraju spolnu/rodnu specifičnost OSA. Kako bismo saznali u kojoj su mjeri rezultati inozemnih studija primjenjivi na razumijevanje situacije u Hrvatskoj, potkraj 2004. godine proveli smo prvo domaće on-line istraživanje OSA. Analize pokazuju da se muškarci i žene razlikuju prema količini vremena provedenog u OSA, omjeru između komunikacijskih i konzumacijskih OSA, uspješnosti ostvarivanja fizičkih susreta s on-line poznanicima, netočnom prikazivanju vlastita izgleda i učestalosti intimnih problema (ne i problema u društvenom funkcioniranju) izazvanih OSA. U nekoliko važnih detalja naši se rezultati razlikuju od onih dobivenih u istraživanjima provedenim u SAD-u i Švedskoj. Bez obzira na metodološka ograničenja studije, u zaključku naglašavamo potrebu nastavka praćenja fenomenologije internetske seksualnosti zbog potpunijega razumijevanja suvremenih promjena u seksualnim značenjima i obrascima interakcije.Obwohl die Zahl einschlägiger Untersuchungen begrenzt ist, zeigen diese, dass Online-Sexaktivitäten (OSA) besonders in der Generation junger, beruflich realisierter Menschen mit höherem Bildungsgrad verbreitet sind. Die vorliegenden Studien suggerieren außerdem das Bestehen geschlechts-/gendergebundener Spezifika von OSA. Um herauszufinden, inwiefern die Ergebnisse ausländischer Studien für ein Verständis der in Kroatien herrschenden Verhältnisse verwendbar sind, haben die Autoren Ende 2004 die erste kroatische Online-Umfrage zur Untersuchung von OSA und möglichen relevanten Folgen durchgeführt. Männer und Frauen unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich der mit OSA verbrachten Zeit; unterschiedlich sind auch das Verhältnis zwischen kommunikationsbeschränkten und "konsumierten" OSA, die Erfolgsrate physischer Kontakte mit Online-Bekanntschaften, die (von der Wirklichkeit abweichende) Beschreibung des eigenen Aussehens, die Häufigkeit intimer Probleme als einer Folge von OSA (nicht gemeint sind Probleme mit dem allgemeinen Funktionieren in der Gesellschaft). Die kroatischen Umfrageergebnisse weichen von den in den USA und in Schweden gewonnenen Resultaten in einigen wesentlichen Punkten ab. Ungeachtet der methodologischen Einschränkungen der Studie wird schlussfolgernd die Notwendigkeit betont, die Phänomenologie von Online-Sexaktivitäten auch in Zukunft mitzuverfolgen, um die aktuellen Wandel bezüglich des sexuellen Hintergrunds und der unterschiedlichen Muster menschlichen Interagierens besser verstehen zu können