QUERY ANALYSIS FOR TWO-LEVEL SENSOR TOPOLOGIES WITH DATA PROTECTION AND RELIABILITY

The storage nodes, which act as an intermediate layer between the sensors and the sink, can be hacked, allowing attackers to learn sensitive data and process query results.Privacy and integrity were the cornerstones of the application of sensor networks with two levels. Prior schedules for secure query processing are weak because they reveal very little information, so attackers can estimate statistical data based on domain knowledge and the date of query results. In this study we propose the first top-k query processing system that protects the privacy of the sensor data and the integrity of the query results. To maintain privacy, we build an index for each data element collected by the sensor using a semi-random hash function and Blom filters and converting top-k queries to queries in the upper range. To maintain integration, we propose that the data partition algorithm divide each data element into a time interval and associate the partition data with the data. The attached information ensures that the repository can verify the integrity of the query results. We officially show that our software is protected under the IND-CKA security model. Our empirical results from real-life data show that our approach is rigorous and practical for large network size

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Efficient Anonymous Multicast Routing Protocol in MANET

ABSTRACT: Mobile Adhoc Networks are infrastructure less networks and the topology of the network changes dynamically. The dynamic change in topology leads to malicious traffic analysis. Inorder to provide security from malicious attackers, anonymous protocols are used. An anonymous protocol hides the nodes identity and path involved in the data transfer. The proposed Anonymous multicast routing (AMR) scheme provides anonymous protection with less delay and it blocks the malicious nodes which are involved in the data transfer prior to the transmission of the data. For efficiency and reliability, the data packets are divided into segments and the segments are transferred through multiple paths

A NEW PWM TECHNIQUE FOR REDUCING SINGLE PHASE CURRENT AND MAKING THREE PHASE CURRENT ZERO FOR MULTILEVEL INVERTER

ABSTRACT- The paper is focused to reduce single phase current and make three phases current zero by using a suitable PWM technique for a three phase Multilevel inverter and making it suitable for electrical drives. The paper uses a new technology that is using the carriers of different amplitude and all the carriers of same frequency operating at higher frequencies and adding a summer in the PWM technique. The proposed PWM technique is simple and easy to understand and the number of components is reduced highly this is achieved by adding a summer as explained. The paper is concentrated not to use any filter the reason behind this is that it increases the single phase current to a very high value which is very dangerous this is avoided in proposed topology. The advantages and disadvantages of these PWM techniques are compared with other PWM techniques in this paper and it uses new NPC H-Bridge inverter. Key words- PWM technique, multilevel inverters, reduced components, summer, single phase and three phase current, Ac power generation, HVDC, NPC H-Bridge inverter

Determinants of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children aged 2 months to 5 years

Background: In India, acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) is one of the major causes of death. During the year 2013, about31.7 million cases of ALRI were reported. Methodology: It is a prospective study in children aged from 2 months to 5 years whowere admitted to the hospital with clinical diagnosis of ALRI. A total of 100 children were included in the study. Results: About54% were incompletely immunized for age. 52% belonged to families falling under low socioeconomic status (SES). Leukocytosisis 41% and only 18% positive blood culture. There is significant association seen. Conclusion: The present study demonstratedthat there is significant association between the status of the immunization and SES with severity if pneumonia

Trans-oceanic genomic divergence of Atlantic cod ecotypes is associated with large inversions

Chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions can play a crucial role in maintaining polymorphism underlying complex traits and contribute to the process of speciation. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), inversions of several megabases have been identified that dominate genomic differentiation between migratory and nonmigratory ecotypes in the Northeast Atlantic. Here, we show that the same genomic regions display elevated divergence and contribute to ecotype divergence in the Northwest Atlantic as well. The occurrence of these inversions on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean reveals a common evolutionary origin, predating the >100 000-year-old trans-Atlantic separation of Atlantic cod. The long-term persistence of these inversions indicates that they are maintained by selection, possibly facilitated by coevolution of genes underlying complex traits. Our data suggest that migratory behaviour is derived from more stationary, ancestral ecotypes. Overall, we identify several large genomic regions—each containing hundreds of genes—likely involved in the maintenance of genomic divergence in Atlantic cod on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean