A radiographic study on the visualization of the anterior loop in dentate subjects of different age groups

The anterior loop is defined as where the mental neurovascular bundle crosses anterior to the mental foramen then doubles back to exit the mental foramen. It cannot be seen clinically but can be detected in 11-60 of panoramic radiographs. As this anatomical structure is important in determining the placement position of endosseous implants in the mandibular premolar region, a pilot study was undertaken to determine its visibility on dental panoramic radiographs in dentate subjects of various age groups. One or more anterior loops were visible in 39 (40.2) radiographs encompassing 66 sites (34.4). Interestingly, anterior loops were most commonly observed bilaterally, followed by on the right side of the mandible only. An anterior loop on the left side only was observed in just 1 radiograph. Visibility of anterior loops reduced as the age of subjects increased. More than half (58.1) of subjects aged 20-29 years exhibited at least one anterior loop; this gradually reduced to only 15 percent of subjects aged 50 and older. There was no association between visualization of the anterior loop and subject gender

Controlling chaos in a chaotic neural network

The chaotic neural network constructed with chaotic neuron shows the associative memory function, but its memory searching process cannot be stabilized in a stored state because of the chaotic motion of the network. In this paper, a pinning control method focused on the chaotic neural network is proposed. The computer simulation proves that the chaos in the chaotic neural network can be controlled with this method and the states of the network can converge in one of its stored patterns if the control strength and the pinning density are chosen suitable. It is found that in general the threshold of the control strength of a controlled network is smaller at higher pinned density and the chaos of the chaotic neural network can be controlled more easily if the pinning control is added to the variant neurons between the initial pattern and the target pattern

TRANSFORMATION FOR EXCELLENCE: ROLE OF ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP IN BUILDING UNIVERSITY THROUGH BEST-IN-PRACTICES

In this paper, it is argued that the university is the pace-setter for the present and future generations. University is like corporate, Vice-Chancellor CEO, campus the shop floor solving present and would-be future issues faced by the community. VC being the peak of intellectuals is expected to work as a lighthouse for the society. The call for the 21st Century is presented and the VC’s role is enunciated specifying certain competencies, traits and skills so that the goals set for the 21st Century education can be met leading to a quality life for people, their well-fare and well-being with sustainability for education and national economic development.. It is believed that the article will be of interest to all concerned

Einfluss des Ertragspotentials des Standorts und des Anbausystems auf den Züchtungserfolg bei Weizen in Deutschland

Baking quality is a major problem of wheat production in organic farming in Germany. The main reason is low protein content, but also different gluten characteristics. The aim of our investigations was to verify, whether selection of varieties with special adaptation to organic farming (or OF systems with particular low input) is advantageous. 66 Genotypes of winter wheat (registered German varieties, breeding lines, older varieties and varieties bred for organic farming) were compared in 5 environments over two years. Yield, protein content and quality parameters were assessed. Aptitude to LI- or HI- conditions was determined using intravarietal linear regression. While selection for special adaptation proved to be superior for yield and protein yield, this could not be confirmed for gluten characteristics

Leitfaden Saatgutgesundheit im Ökologischen Landbau - Ackerkulturen

Im "Leitfaden Saatgutgesundheit im Ökologischen Landbau – Ackerkulturen" werden ausgewählte saatgutbürtige Krankheiten von ackerbaulichen Kulturen samt vorbeugenden und direkten Regulierungsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt

Leitfaden Saatgutgesundheit im Ökologischen Landbau - Gemüsekulturen

Im "Leitfaden Saatgutgesundheit im Ökologischen Landbau – Gemüsekulturen" werden ausgewählte saatgutbürtige Krankheiten von ackerbaulichen Kulturen samt vorbeugenden und direkten Regulierungsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt

Variability in Behavior of Application Service Workload in a Utility Cloud

Using the elasticity feature of a utility cloud, users can acquire and release resources as required and pay for what they use. Applications with time-varying workloads can request for variable resources over time that makes cloud a convenient option for such applications. The elasticity in current IaaS cloud provides mainly two options to the users: horizontal and vertical scaling. In both ways of scaling the basic resource allocation unit is fixed-sized VM, it forces the cloud users to characterize their workload based on VM size, which might lead to under-utilization or over-allocation of resources. This turns out to be an inefficient model for both cloud users and providers. In this paper we discuss and calculate the variability in different kinds of application service workload. We also discuss different dynamic provisioning approaches proposed by researchers. We conclude with a brief introduction to the issues or limitations in existing solutions and our approach to resolve them in a way that is suitable and economic for both cloud user and provider

Menaces towards Writing Skills in English Language Faced by Rural Primary School Students

Learning to write is the first step in learning any language. Teachers and students are connected via the act of teaching. The primary objective of this unit is to prepare students for the difficulties associated with writing assignments. The four parts that make up LSRW all have something to do with education. In comparison to reading, math, and listening, the teaching and learning process pays less emphasis to writing. Understanding the nuances between words requires a focus on the written form. Even a gifted student will be marked down for spelling mistakes. Most schools have a policy of penalising students for minor errors, such as misspelt words, with the assumption that the student would not care if they lose a few points. But it is what it is. This study, utilising a more powerful quantitative and qualitative approach, explores the requirement and feasibility of enhancing writing skills among primary school students in order to reduce such mistakes

Spatial and temporal variablity of nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios and their relation to photochemical lifetime

The relationship between temporal and spatial variability of C2-C8 nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios and their HO lifetimes (τ) is presented for samples collected during the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) and from other urban and remote sites. The C2-C4 alkanes, acetylene and benzene typically define a trend of the form slnx=Aτ-b where slnx is the standard deviation of the ln of the mixing ratio. The relationship extended over a wider range of hydrocarbons in winter. The exponent b ranged in value from 0.2±0.023 for winter urban data where C2-C8 hydrocarbons defined a strongly correlated trend, to 0.56±0.15 for C2-C4 hydrocarbons at a coastal site in Nova Scotia during NARE. The trends are significantly different from that given by the Junge relationship [Junge, 1974]. Data from the Azores do not display such a trend and were likely influenced by local emissions. Variance trends are a useful analytical tool for examining the validity of hydrocarbon measurements