Dual inoculation of Pisum sativum with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Penicillium bilaji

Non-Peer ReviewedTo investigate the effect of single versus dual inoculation of Trapper-pea with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Penicillium bilaji, a P-solubilizing fungi, an experiment under controlled conditions was carried out using a sandy soil containing low levels of available N and P. The following treatments were installed: control, P application at a rate of 100 kg P/ha, pea inoculated with P. bilaji (PB50) applied at recommended rate as PB50™ supplied by Philom Bios, pea inoculated with R. leguminosarum (R) and all possible combinations of the four treatments. To determine N2 fixation by 15N-natural abundance, flax was included as the reference crop. Treatments were replicated four times and placed in a randomized complete block design. Throughout the experiment, soil was kept at 75 % of field capacity and additional light was provided. After 8 weeks of growth, two plants/pot were harvested and total shoot weight, total N, total P, percent N derived from N2 and the amount of N2 fixed was determined. P fertilization increased yield significantly from 3.0 to 4.2 g/pot. PB50 alone increased shoot yield to 3.6 g/pot. Whereas pea inoculated with R showed only a small yield increase, the additional application of P increased yield to 4.1 g/pot. Application of P and both the inoculants reduced yield to 3.7 g/pot. Total N accumulation was highly dependent on the presence of R. Whereas the control, which was sparsely nodulated, showed a total N yield of 62.3 mg N/pot, inoculation with R and P fertilization increased total N to 100 mg N/pot. Double inoculation with Rand PB50 along with P fertilization reduced the total N yield to 95 mg N/pot. Pea inoculated with PB50 and R showed a total N yield of 78.5 mg N/pot. The highest N2-fixing activity (39 % Ndfa or 39.6 mg of N) was observed in pea inoculated with R and which had received inorganic P. Total P uptake was solely dependent on P fertilization. Results indicate that PB50 had no beneficial influence on P uptake and N2-fixing activity

Parameterized Algorithms for Graph Partitioning Problems

We study a broad class of graph partitioning problems, where each problem is specified by a graph $G=(V,E)$, and parameters $k$ and $p$. We seek a subset $U\subseteq V$ of size $k$, such that $\alpha_1m_1 + \alpha_2m_2$ is at most (or at least) $p$, where $\alpha_1,\alpha_2\in\mathbb{R}$ are constants defining the problem, and $m_1, m_2$ are the cardinalities of the edge sets having both endpoints, and exactly one endpoint, in $U$, respectively. This class of fixed cardinality graph partitioning problems (FGPP) encompasses Max $(k,n-k)$-Cut, Min $k$-Vertex Cover, $k$-Densest Subgraph, and $k$-Sparsest Subgraph. Our main result is an $O^*(4^{k+o(k)}\Delta^k)$ algorithm for any problem in this class, where $\Delta \geq 1$ is the maximum degree in the input graph. This resolves an open question posed by Bonnet et al. [IPEC 2013]. We obtain faster algorithms for certain subclasses of FGPPs, parameterized by $p$, or by $(k+p)$. In particular, we give an $O^*(4^{p+o(p)})$ time algorithm for Max $(k,n-k)$-Cut, thus improving significantly the best known $O^*(p^p)$ time algorithm

Microwave monolithic integrated circuit development for future spaceborne phased array antennas

The development of fully monolithic gallium arsenide (GaAs) receive and transmit modules suitable for phased array antenna applications in the 30/20 gigahertz bands is presented. Specifications and various design approaches to achieve the design goals are described. Initial design and performance of submodules and associated active and passive components are presented. A tradeoff study summary is presented highlighting the advantages of distributed amplifier approach compared to the conventional single power source designs

One-Pot Enol Silane Formation-Mukaiyama Aldol-Type Addition to Dimethyl Acetals Mediated by TMSOTf

Various ketones, esters, amides, and thioesters add in high yield to dimethyl acetals in the presence of silyl trifluoromethanesulfonates and an amine base. Acetals derived from aryl, unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes are all effective substrates. The reaction proceeds in a single reaction flask, with no purification of the intermediate enol silane necessary

Seven exercises planned to stimulate the flow of ideas in creative composition

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

On the complexity of computing the kk-restricted edge-connectivity of a graph

The \emph{$k$-restricted edge-connectivity} of a graph $G$, denoted by $\lambda_k(G)$, is defined as the minimum size of an edge set whose removal leaves exactly two connected components each containing at least $k$ vertices. This graph invariant, which can be seen as a generalization of a minimum edge-cut, has been extensively studied from a combinatorial point of view. However, very little is known about the complexity of computing $\lambda_k(G)$. Very recently, in the parameterized complexity community the notion of \emph{good edge separation} of a graph has been defined, which happens to be essentially the same as the $k$-restricted edge-connectivity. Motivated by the relevance of this invariant from both combinatorial and algorithmic points of view, in this article we initiate a systematic study of its computational complexity, with special emphasis on its parameterized complexity for several choices of the parameters. We provide a number of NP-hardness and W[1]-hardness results, as well as FPT-algorithms.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Light Nonaqueous-Phase Liquid Hydrocarbon Weathering at some JP-4 Fuel Release Sites

A fuel weathering study was conducted for database entries to estimate natural light, nonaqueousphase liquid weathering and source-term reduction rates for use in natural attenuation models. A range of BTEX weathering rates from mobile LNAPL plumes at eight field sites with known release dates was documented. Freephase fuel BTEX weathering rates varied among sites and were influenced by many factors. First-order weathering rate for five JP-4 fuel sites was 16%/year. Benzene and toluene exhibited higher weathering rates than ethylbenzene and xylene, as expected, because of higher water solubility. The primary weathering mechanism of mobile LNAPL was dissolution. Meaningful determination of mobile LNAPL weathering rates for BTEX in the fuels was difficult because of the large ranges of initial BTEX values