6,400 research outputs found
Quantum Technology: The Second Quantum Revolution
We are currently in the midst of a second quantum revolution. The first
quantum revolution gave us new rules that govern physical reality. The second
quantum revolution will take these rules and use them to develop new
technologies. In this review we discuss the principles upon which quantum
technology is based and the tools required to develop it. We discuss a number
of examples of research programs that could deliver quantum technologies in
coming decades including; quantum information technology, quantum
electromechanical systems, coherent quantum electronics, quantum optics and
coherent matter technology.Comment: 24 pages and 6 figure
Fatigue life estimates for helicopter loading spectra
Helicopter loading histories applied to notch metal samples are used as examples, and their fatigue lives are calculated by using a simplified version of the local strain approach. This simplified method has the advantage that it requires knowing the loading history in only the reduced form of ranges and means and number of cycles from the rain-flow cycle counting method. The calculated lives compare favorably with test data
Cold Atom Physics Using Ultra-Thin Optical Fibers: Light-Induced Dipole Forces and Surface Interactions
The strong evanescent field around ultra-thin unclad optical fibers bears a
high potential for detecting, trapping, and manipulating cold atoms.
Introducing such a fiber into a cold atom cloud, we investigate the interaction
of a small number of cold Caesium atoms with the guided fiber mode and with the
fiber surface. Using high resolution spectroscopy, we observe and analyze
light-induced dipole forces, van der Waals interaction, and a significant
enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of the atoms. The latter can be
assigned to the modification of the vacuum modes by the fiber.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Quantum reflection of atoms from a solid surface at normal incidence
We observed quantum reflection of ultracold atoms from the attractive
potential of a solid surface. Extremely dilute Bose-Einstein condensates of
^{23}Na, with peak density 10^{11}-10^{12}atoms/cm^3, confined in a weak
gravito-magnetic trap were normally incident on a silicon surface. Reflection
probabilities of up to 20 % were observed for incident velocities of 1-8 mm/s.
The velocity dependence agrees qualitatively with the prediction for quantum
reflection from the attractive Casimir-Polder potential. Atoms confined in a
harmonic trap divided in half by a solid surface exhibited extended lifetime
due to quantum reflection from the surface, implying a reflection probability
above 50 %.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. (December 2004)5 pages, 4 figure
Do Perceptions of Ballot Secrecy Influence Turnout? Results from a Field Experiment
Although the secret ballot has long been secured as a legal matter in the United States, formal secrecy protections are not equivalent to convincing citizens that they may vote privately and without fear of reprisal. We present survey evidence that those who have not previously voted are particularly likely to voice doubts about the secrecy of the voting process. We then report results from a field experiment where we provided registered voters with information about ballot secrecy protections prior to the 2010 general election. We find that these letters increased turnout for registered citizens without records of previous turnout, but did not appear to influence the behavior of citizens who had previously voted. These results suggest that although the secret ballot is a long-standing institution in the United States, providing basic information about ballot secrecy can affect the decision to participate to an important degree.
Entangled Light in Moving Frames
We calculate the entanglement between a pair of polarization-entangled photon
beams as a function of the reference frame, in a fully relativistic framework.
We find the transformation law for helicity basis states and show that, while
it is frequency independent, a Lorentz transformation on a momentum-helicity
eigenstate produces a momentum-dependent phase. This phase leads to changes in
the reduced polarization density matrix, such that entanglement is either
decreased or increased, depending on the boost direction, the rapidity, and the
spread of the beam.Comment: 4 pages and 3 figures. Minor corrections, footnote on optimal basis
state
Microcavities coupled to multilevel atoms
A three-level atom in the -configuration coupled to a microcavity is
studied. The two transitions of the atom are assumed couple to different
counterpropagating mode pairs in the cavity. We analyze the dynamics both, in
the strong-coupling and the bad cavity limit. We find that compared to a
two-level setup, the third atomic state and the additional control field modes
crucially modify the system dynamics and enable more advanced control schemes.
All results are explained using appropriate dressed state and eigenmode
representations. As potential applications, we discuss optical switching and
turnstile operations and detection of particles close to the resonator surface.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Entanglement of indistinguishable particles in condensed matter physics
The concept of entanglement in systems where the particles are
indistinguishable has been the subject of much recent interest and controversy.
In this paper we study the notion of entanglement of particles introduced by
Wiseman and Vaccaro [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 097902 (2003)] in several specific
physical systems, including some that occur in condensed matter physics. The
entanglement of particles is relevant when the identical particles are
itinerant and so not distinguished by their position as in spin models. We show
that entanglement of particles can behave differently to other approaches that
have been used previously, such as entanglement of modes (occupation-number
entanglement) and the entanglement in the two-spin reduced density matrix. We
argue that the entanglement of particles is what could actually be measured in
most experimental scenarios and thus its physical significance is clear. This
suggests entanglement of particles may be useful in connecting theoretical and
experimental studies of entanglement in condensed matter systems.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, comments welcome, published version (minor
changes, added references
Quantum Clock Synchronization Based on Shared Prior Entanglement
We demonstrate that two spatially separated parties (Alice and Bob) can
utilize shared prior quantum entanglement, and classical communications, to
establish a synchronized pair of atomic clocks. In contrast to classical
synchronization schemes, the accuracy of our protocol is independent of Alice
or Bob's knowledge of their relative locations or of the properties of the
intervening medium.Comment: 4 page
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