Damages and Proof in Cases of Wrongful Dishonor: The Unsettled Issues Under U.C.C. Section 4-402

The checking account is a legal arrangement between a bank and its customer in which the bank promises to pay items (checks) drawn by the customer according to the terms of the checking account contract. A bank\u27s refusal to pay a customer\u27s item makes it liable to the customer if the refusal, which is referred to as a dishonor, was wrongful. A number of distinct legal issues involved in a customer\u27s action for wrongful dishonor remain unsettled. This Article will focus on and analyze two of the most important of these issues. First, the Article will discuss the types of losses or injuries for which the customer may obtain compensation in an action against a bank for wrongful dishonor under section 4-402. Second, this Article will address the nature of the proof required to recover such damages. In addressing these questions this Article will examine the nature of an action for wrongful dishonor both at common law and under the statutory predecessor to section 4-402. It will also examine various taxonomic problems as well as the origin of the statutory language employed in the current version of section 4-402. Finally, it will discuss wrongful dishonor under section 4-402, and suggest some approaches that would clarify and unify the current divergent approaches of the courts

Measuring Job Satisfaction: A Note on the Within and Between Problem

An analysis of within-group and between-group sources of covariation was applied to a seven item job satisfaction measure adapted from the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were collected from 159 chemical workers. Results indicated that some satisfaction items were strongly influenced by the structure of the supervisor groups. This issue of between-versus within-group variation offers a possible explanation for low correlations in past research using job satisfaction measures

Attendee-Sourcing: Exploring The Design Space of Community-Informed Conference Scheduling

Constructing a good conference schedule for a large multi-track conference needs to take into account the preferences and constraints of organizers, authors, and attendees. Creating a schedule which has fewer conflicts for authors and attendees, and thematically coherent sessions is a challenging task. Cobi introduced an alternative approach to conference scheduling by engaging the community to play an active role in the planning process. The current Cobi pipeline consists of committee-sourcing and author-sourcing to plan a conference schedule. We further explore the design space of community-sourcing by introducing attendee-sourcing -- a process that collects input from conference attendees and encodes them as preferences and constraints for creating sessions and schedule. For CHI 2014, a large multi-track conference in human-computer interaction with more than 3,000 attendees and 1,000 authors, we collected attendees' preferences by making available all the accepted papers at the conference on a paper recommendation tool we built called Confer, for a period of 45 days before announcing the conference program (sessions and schedule). We compare the preferences marked on Confer with the preferences collected from Cobi's author-sourcing approach. We show that attendee-sourcing can provide insights beyond what can be discovered by author-sourcing. For CHI 2014, the results show value in the method and attendees' participation. It produces data that provides more alternatives in scheduling and complements data collected from other methods for creating coherent sessions and reducing conflicts.Comment: HCOMP 201