20 research outputs found
Ancient origin of the biosynthesis of lignin precursors
BACKGROUND: Lignin plays an important role in plant structural support and water transport, and is considered one of the hallmarks of land plants. The recent discovery of lignin or its precursors in various algae has raised questions on the evolution of its biosynthetic pathway, which could be much more ancient than previously thought. To determine the taxonomic distribution of the lignin biosynthesis genes, we screened all publicly available genomes of algae and their closest non-photosynthetic relatives, as well as representative land plants. We also performed phylogenetic analysis of these genes to decipher the evolution and origin(s) of lignin biosynthesis. RESULTS: Enzymes involved in making p-coumaryl alcohol, the simplest lignin monomer, are found in a variety of photosynthetic eukaryotes, including diatoms, dinoflagellates, haptophytes, cryptophytes as well as green and red algae. Phylogenetic analysis of these enzymes suggests that they are ancient and spread to some secondarily photosynthetic lineages when they acquired red and/or green algal endosymbionts. In some cases, one or more of these enzymes was likely acquired through lateral gene transfer (LGT) from bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Genes associated with p-coumaryl alcohol biosynthesis are likely to have evolved long before the transition of photosynthetic eukaryotes to land. The original function of this lignin precursor is therefore unlikely to have been related to water transport. We suggest that it participates in the biological defense of some unicellular and multicellular algae. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Mark Ragan, Uri Gophna, Philippe Deschamps
Offshore outsourcing: a dynamic, operation mode perspective
Based on a case study of the Danish company SimCorp and the development of its operations in Kiev, Ukraine, we analyse offshore outsourcing in a broader, longitudinal foreign operation mode context, and how it may contribute to mode change in the host country over a certain span of time. SimCorp had outsourced part of its software development work to two Ukrainian companies. The case study approach allowed us to explore the dynamic processes in depth. The study shows that involvement in the foreign market generates learning in various forms that provide a foundation for eventual mode development or change β beyond outsourcing specific learning. At the same time, restrictions on 3rd partiesβ, that is, independent vendorsβ access to confidential client data, as well as protection of specific investments in human assets, may eventually become a driver for mode change, as in the SimCorp case, to ensure more effective control of the foreign operation. Finally, the case study shows how outsourcing can be used proactively as a springboard to deeper and changed operation mode activities in a foreign market
ΠΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π±ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ² Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ² Π·Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΡΡΡ
The effect of biprolol (bisoprolol) on the fatty acid lipid spectrum of the kidneys in hypertensive rats during 1 and 3 months has been studied. It has been established that only after 3 months of therapy a normalization of the fatty acid content of lipids in the rat kidney tissues at a biprolol dose of 20 mg per day is observed.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ»Π° (Π±ΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ»Π°) Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ»Π° 20 ΠΌΠ³/ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π±ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ»Ρ (Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ»Ρ) Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ² Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ² Π·Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΠ². ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΠ² Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π±ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ»Ρ 20 ΠΌΠ³/Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ
The spectrum of fatty acids of lipids myocardium when combined use nifedipine with angiolin and elgatsin in rats with hypertension
Π£ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° ΡΡΡΡΠ² Π· Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π³ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ ΡΠ° Π΅Π»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ² Π· Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΌΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΏΡΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π°Π½Π³ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ° Π΅Π»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΌ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΌΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ²; ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡ; Arterial hypertension is one of the urgent problems of modern medicine and pharmacology and
extremely common in older age groups. Predictors of progression and complicated course of hypertension is
myocardial remodeling β one of the pathogenetic components of homeostasis regulation in conditions of chronic high blood pressure. In the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension is essential given the role of impaired lipid metabolism and oxidative processes in plasma lipid and fatty acids of vascular cell membranes and myocardium. Metabolic disturbances of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids have an adverse effect on metabolic processes: violation of energy metabolism, structure and transport function of cell membranes. Phospholipid violation is primarily caused by defect of their transport into cells and lipid peroxidation. Complications accompanying AH relate not only to heart as the primary target organ for AH, but also other vital organs such as kidneys. One of markers for lesion expression in AH and efficiency of antihypertensive drugs in this pathology include fatty acid content in target organs. Studying the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) is interesting in terms of their availability in clinical examinations of patients. The objective of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of changes in ratios of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the heart of WKY line rats and ISIAH line rats with arterial hypertension to serve as a control for assessing efficiency of pharmacological preparations. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of changes in fatty acid (FA) in heart and in NISAH rat to clarify the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and hypertension, and pharmacocorrection of hypertension with. The study was conducted on 63 rats with hypertension (ISIAH rats) and normotensive rats (WKY rats). Blood pressure was carried out using a plethysmograph on the tail artery of rats and recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Fatty-acid content of lipids in the heart, kidneys of experimental rats was analyzed by using gas-liquid
chromatography. 9 most informative fatty acids (FA) were identified: Π‘ 14:0 myristinic acid, Π‘ 15:0 pentadecoic acid, Π‘ 16:0 palmitic acid, Π‘ 17:0 margaric acid, Π‘ 18:0 stearic acid, Π‘ 18:1 oleic acid, Π‘ 18:2 linoleic acid, Π‘ 18:3 linolenic acid, Π‘ 20:4 arachidonic acid. The results were processed by variation statistics method with the use of Student t-test and correlation analysis. In the spectrum of the fatty acid of myocardium of rats with hypertension increases the content of arachidonic acid and the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a simultaneous decrease in the amount of the palmitic acid in the myocardium and decrease of the stearic and oleic acids and increases level of the linoleic acid. Metabolic drugs Angiolin and Elgatsin when administrated to the rats with arterial hypertension positively influence to the restoration of the fatty acid content in the myocardium. Nifedipine while the use of Angiolin and Elgatsin normalize metabolic disorder of essential fatty acids in the myocardium of hypertensive rats
Microbiome changes under bile tract obstruction due to progressive growth of pancreas tumour
Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌ,
Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ
Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ°
Π·Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΉΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ ΡΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ
ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΠΊΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΡΡΠ·Π½Ρ
Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ FXR ΡΠ° GPBAR1 ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΠ° Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊ Veillonella,
Klebsiella Ρ Selenomonas, ΡΠ° LPS-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Prevotella, Hallella ΡΠ°
Enterobacter. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ‘, ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ,
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
NF-kB, ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅
Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΡΠ² Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ². Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌ, (ΡΠ΅)ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΠΈ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΉΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π·Ρ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅, Π²
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
.
Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π£ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ FXR ΠΈ
GPBAR1 ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
Veillonella, Klebsiella ΠΈ Selenomonas, ΠΈ LPS-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Prevotella, Hallella ΠΈ
Enterobacter. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠ‘, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΡ NF-kB, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠΌ, (ΡΠ΅)ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ.This article presents a literature review to generalize current knowledge about the microbiome, in particular, its changes in pancreatic carcinogenesis and subsequent complications. It has been found out that
pathogenic bacteria can affect this process by activating the proper receptors and maintaining the inflammation associated with the onset of pancreatic cancer. When the biliary tract is obstructed, it is found that the
host's metabolism can be influenced by microbial modifications of bile acids that lead to changes in signalling
through the bile acid receptors, as well as to various changes in the composition of the microbiome. Control
of the intestinal microbiota using probiotics enables changing the metabolism of bile acids due to FXR and
GPBAR1 signalling. Reviewed studies have shown that obscuration of the biliary tract that blocks the drain of
bile into the intestine, leads to an increased growth of bacteria and the translocation of bacteria into the small
intestine. It is proved that pathogenic microorganisms are able to act as carcinogenic agents after infecting
the pancreas. The results of the research have showed that microbial diversity of the intestine is significantly
reduced in pancreatic cancer and this tumour is characterized by a unique microbial profile. In particular, microbial changes in pancreatic cancer have been characterized by an increase in several species, such as
Veillonella, Klebsiella and Selenomonas, and LPS-producing bacteria, including Prevotella, Hallella and Enterobacter. The increase in the number of bacteria that produce LPS confirms the important pathogenetic
role of dysbiosis in the mediation of chronic inflammation. Oxidative damage, activating the pathway of NFkB, contributes to the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, prolonged chronic inflammation and oxidative damage are involved in the development of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, it is important to search for new directions of influence on this pathological condition, including the usage of probiotics. This medication can modify microbiota, (re) presenting bacteria associated with reduced pancreatic carcinogenesis