Transitional justice dilemma: the case of Cambodia

The last two decades have witnessed a remarkable proliferation of efforts to seek justice that responds adequately to mass atrocity. There is a mounting debate over the desirability and effectiveness of each effort in consolidating justice and peace. This essay offers a perspective for approaching the challenges of transitional justice and assessing policy priorities to improve the responses of transitional justice mechanisms for people whose human rights have been violated. As scholars from Cambodia who lived under the Khmer Rouge regime, we use Cambodia as a case study for analysis. This essay suggests that both trials and truth commission, simultaneously or subsequently, are fundamental during transitional periods in order to achieve better results on behalf of victims, and proposes establishing a community-based forum for Cambodian victims and perpetrators to have a formal dialogue, in addition to the current Khmer Rouge Tribunal

How value-glamour investors use financial information: UK evidence of investor's confirmation bias

The paper investigates investor’s behaviour in the context of value–glamour investing and fundamental analysis, and provides a direct test of the confirmation bias by bringing together the evidence from several strands of literature into a well-defined framework of investor behaviour. The empirical evidence presented is in line with a model of investor’s asymmetric reaction to good and bad news due to confirmation bias. Pessimistic value investors typically under-react to good financial information, but they process bad information rationally or over-confidently. On the contrary, glamour investors are often too optimistic to timely update prices following bad financial information, but they are likely to fairly price or even over-react when receiving good information

Order aggressiveness of institutional and individual investors

This paper investigates the factors determining the order aggressiveness of institutional and individual investors on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). The study also examines the changes in institutional and individual investors’ order aggressiveness following the removal of broker IDs on the 28th of November 2005. While investigating the order submission strategies of stocks sampled from large, medium and small capitalization groups, we document that the institutional and individual investors’ order aggressiveness responds similarly to the market depth and the bid-ask spread, but differently to the time left-to-trade (end of the day) and the order size. This difference in the order submission strategies employed by institutional and retail investors is more strongly pronounced in the post-transparent (anonymous) market. In addition, both groups of investors become less aggressive after the move to anonymity, with stronger results observed for individual investors

The impact of ischemic stroke on atrial fibrillation-related healthcare cost: a systematic review

OBJECTIVES: To summarize healthcare costs incurred from patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who developed ischemic stroke and to explore the factors associated with increased cost, thereby highlighting the importance of anticoagulation therapy for stroke prophylaxis ...postprin

COASTAL AQUIFER GROUNDWATER MODELING IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF YOGYAKARTA AREA, INDONESIA

Parangtritis beach, located in a coastal aquifer at the southern part of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia is bounded by the Indian Ocean at the South, Opak River at the West, and Tertiary Limestone Rock to the East. Local land-use is predominantly agriculture, rice fields and settlements and the population is estimated to be 9,386 persons as per the 2012 census. The total surface area is estimated at 9.46 km2. The aims of this research were to understand the system of groundwater and to assess and predict saltwater intrusion by conducting a numerical groundwater model. Hydrological and hydrogeological data were collected directly from the field and from previous work for input into the model. The model simulates an unconfined aquifer system where the aquifer thickness varies from 30-40 meters. The material of the aquifer consists of sand varying from fine to coarse grain size and fine gravel with hydraulic conductivity values of 8.974 × 10−4, 1.794 × 10−3, and 1.337 × 10−3 m/s at the northern, central, and southern part of the research area, respectively. The maximum length of the saltwater interface was estimated at about 205.1 m laterally and 40 m vertically relative to the location of the groundwater table around 1m above sea level. Direction of groundwater flow is from north to south. Groundwater table elevation equals 5 m at the north and 0 m at the south with a hydraulic gradient estimated at about 2.45 × 10−3. As a result of a steady-state simulation as well as two cases of prediction for five and ten years in the future, it is determined that that the salinity of the surrounding environment is not potentially adverse to the groundwater quality in the study area. This is in part due to low population in this area and abundant groundwater resources, as well as the results of the groundwater model. Keywords: Coastal aquifer, numerical groundwater model, conceptual model, observed head

Epidemiology of Q fever among dairy cattle and dairy farmers, Chiang Mai, Thailand 2015

Q fever is a zoonosis, caused by the gram negative bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Knowledge of the epidemiology of Q fever in Thailand is limited. This study was conducted to determine the burden and the risk factors of C.burnetii infection in dairy cattle farms and farmers in Chiang Mai, Thailand. A prospective cohort study was conducted in five dairy cooperatives where evidence of C.burnetii was reported. The project included three components 1) a cohort study among farmers, 2) bulk tank milk (BTM) screening, and 3) farm investigation and specimen collection from cows and their environments in milk positive farms. Samples and data collection were obtained at baseline, 6, and 12 month intervals. Human sera were tested using Indirect Immunofluorescense Assay; cow sera and BTM were tested using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; and vaginal swab and environmental samples were tested using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Baseline data were analyzed using logistic regression and Generalized Estimating Equation models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Among 306 randomly selected farms, 282 farms (92.2%) and 532 from 637 randomly selected farmers (83.5%) participated. The prevalence of C.burnetii antibodies in BTM was 40.8% (115/282) and the C.burnetii seroprevalence among farmers was 16.9% (90/532). Investigation in BTM positive farms showed C.burnetii seroprevalence was 28.4% (224/790) at the individual cow level and 91.9% (91/99) at the farm level. Multivariate analysis showed that having more than 80% of cows ≥ 2 years of age (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.09 - 5.06) and having an infected farms within 1 km (OR 2.88, 95%CI 1.17 – 7.06) were positively associated with the odds of C.burnetii antibodies in BTM. Cleaning the birthing area (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.08 - 0.86) and quarantining newly purchased animals (OR 0.54, 95%CI 0.30 - 0.97) provided protection. Working in a milk positive farm and exposure to birth products during calving were associated with seropositivity among farmers. This study provides useful information for Q fever prevention and control. Health education regarding Q fever prevention should be provided to farmers and public health and animal health officers in high risk areas in Thailand.Doctor of Philosoph

System Synchronizes Recordings from Separated Video Cameras

A system of electronic hardware and software for synchronizing recordings from multiple, physically separated video cameras is being developed, primarily for use in multiple-look-angle video production. The system, the time code used in the system, and the underlying method of synchronization upon which the design of the system is based are denoted generally by the term "Geo-TimeCode(TradeMark)." The system is embodied mostly in compact, lightweight, portable units (see figure) denoted video time-code units (VTUs) - one VTU for each video camera. The system is scalable in that any number of camera recordings can be synchronized. The estimated retail price per unit would be about $350 (in 2006 dollars). The need for this or another synchronization system external to video cameras arises because most video cameras do not include internal means for maintaining synchronization with other video cameras. Unlike prior video-camera-synchronization systems, this system does not depend on continuous cable or radio links between cameras (however, it does depend on occasional cable links lasting a few seconds). Also, whereas the time codes used in prior video-camera-synchronization systems typically repeat after 24 hours, the time code used in this system does not repeat for slightly more than 136 years; hence, this system is much better suited for long-term deployment of multiple cameras

“I don’t bother with the phone!”: Feeling Closer to Physician using Secure Messaging

This study explores the use of phone and secure messaging via an online patient portal in mediating the communication between patients and their healthcare providers. In analyzing the messages handling processes, we found that although both phone and secure messages were answered in similar manners, the interplay of the front- and back-end roles in collaborative work resulted in patients’ preference for secure messages in communication as they believed it offered direct and empowered communication experiences. This study offers insights on the choice of how different communication media affect patients’ perception toward the quality of the communication and patient-provider relationship.

Papaya: The Versatile Tropical Fruit

Papaya (Carica papaya L) is a versatile tropical fruit with its usage ranging from consumption, cosmetics, to pharmaceuticals. In 2020, it was the third most-produced tropical fruit crop in the world. Papaya is a trioecious herbaceous plant with distinct flower and fruit morphological appearances. The fruits from hermaphrodite papaya are favorable for both consumption and processing due to their superior quality. Papaya has a genome size of 372 Mb and chromosome of 2n =18. The male and hermaphrodite papaya have XY and XYh sex chromosomes, respectively, while the female has XX. Using omics and bioinformatics approaches, papaya cultivars with desired fruit quality can be selected and identified from germplasm for incorporation in breeding programs. Papaya production can be done either in open fields or under protected cultivation. Open field cultivation provides for large-scale production, but with the disadvantages of variability in fruit yield, quality, and limitations on growing and harvesting seasons. Under protected cultivation, papaya can be cultivated in all seasons, whilst delivering higher yields. Conversely, multidisciplinary approaches with selected papaya cultivars, good farm management, and suitable conditions provide high yields of quality fruit for both consumption and processing, whilst minimizing the adverse effects related to environmental conditions