The effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation and ischaemic compression versus chiropractic manipulation and shockwave therapy on trapezius trigger points

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of a treatment protocol that included Chiropractic manipulation and ischaemic compression against an alternative treatment protocol that involved Chiropractic manipulation and Shockwave therapy. Both protocols were carried out on a target group that presented with an active myofascial trigger point of the upper trapezius muscles. Method: A selection of 30 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years were recruited for this study, all of which presented with mechanical neck pain that was caused by the presence of an active myofascial trapezius trigger point. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups, with each group containing 15 participants. Group 1 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy to their cervical spine and upper thoracic spine as well as ischaemic compression to the active myofascial trapezius trigger point. Group 2 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy to their cervical spine and upper thoracic spine as well as Shockwave therapy to the active myofascial trigger point present in the trapezius muscle. Each participant received a total of 6 treatments with the seventh and final treatment being a data collection consult only, this was the same for both groups. Results: Both treatment protocols had positive clinical effects on the participants. Subjectively the participants, on average, experienced a decrease in perceived pain. Objectively both the CROM measurements and the Pressure Algometer readings decreased throughout the trial period, this was noted in both groups. Conclusion: In conclusion both treatment protocols had positive effects on participants over the trial, neither treatment protocol had definitive statistical improvements compared to the other in the treatment of mechanical neck pain with associated trapezius myofascial trigger point involvement and thus to conclude, both ischaemic compression therapy and Shockwave therapy in conjunction with cervical and upper thoracic spinal manipulations can be used to effectively treat mechanical neck pain with associated trapezius myofascial trigger point involvement

Creating and Sharing Fedora Installation Package for Ubuntu

4th International Conference on Open RepositoriesThis presentation was part of the session : Conference PostersOpen repositories are enterprise information systems that face ongoing challenges of maintaining low operating costs, high efficiency, and high reliability. This poster proposal presents an open source strategy to help address some of these challenges. The NSF funded NSDL Materials Digital Library Pathway (MatDL) offers a Fedora-based open repository and is moving toward using the Ubuntu distribution of Linux on all of its servers to capitalize on the advantages of Ubuntu. However, currently there is no easy way to implement Ubuntu with Fedora-based repositories. This poster describes MatDL's efforts to co-develop and host a Fedora installation package for Ubuntu.The Materials Digital Library Pathway (DUE-0532831) is supported by the National Science Foundation

Conservation of Supergravity Currents from Matrix Theory

In recent work by Kabat and Taylor, certain Matrix theory quantities have been identified with the spatial moments of the supergravity stress-energy tensor, membrane current, and fivebrane current. In this note, we determine the relations between these moments required by current conservation, and prove that these relations hold as exact Matrix Theory identities at finite N. This establishes conservation of the effective supergravity currents (averaged over the compact circle). In addition, the constraints of current conservation allow us to deduce Matrix theory quantities corresponding to moments of the spatial current of the longitudinal fivebrane charge, not previously identified.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, typos correcte

Heterotic Matrix String Theory

M-theory suggests the large N limit of the matrix description of a collection of N Type IA D-particles should provide a nonperturbative formulation of heterotic string theory. In this paper states in the matrix theory corresponding to fundamental heterotic strings are identified, and their interactions are studied. Comments are made about analogous states in Type IIA string theory, which correspond to bound states of D-particles and D-eightbranes.Comment: 13 pages, harvmac (b mode), references adde

D-branes and Matrix Theory in Curved Space

We discuss the relation between supersymmetric gauge theory of branes and supergravity; as it was discovered in D-brane physics, and as it appears in Matrix theory, with emphasis on motion in curved backgrounds. We argue that gauged sigma model Lagrangians can be used as definitions of Matrix theory in curved space. Lecture given at Strings '97; June 20, 1997.Comment: LaTeX with espcrc2; 13 pages, STRINGS97. References added; a speculation refute

A study of blood contamination of Siqveland matrix bands

AIMS To use a sensitive forensic test to measure blood contamination of used Siqveland matrix bands following routine cleaning and sterilisation procedures in general dental practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen general dental practices in the West of Scotland participated. Details of instrument cleaning procedures were recorded for each practice. A total of 133 Siqveland matrix bands were recovered following cleaning and sterilisation and were examined for residual blood contamination by the Kastle-Meyer test, a well-recognised forensic technique. RESULTS: Ultrasonic baths were used for the cleaning of 62 (47%) bands and retainers and the remainder (53%) were hand scrubbed prior to autoclaving. Overall, 21% of the matrix bands and 19% of the retainers gave a positive Kastle-Meyer test, indicative of residual blood contamination, following cleaning and sterilisation. In relation to cleaning method, 34% of hand-scrubbed bands and 32% of hand-scrubbed retainers were positive for residual blood by the Kastle-Meyer test compared with 6% and 3% respectively of ultrasonically cleaned bands and retainers (P less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: If Siqveland matrix bands are re-processed in the assembled state, then adequate pre-sterilisation cleaning cannot be achieved reliably. Ultrasonic baths are significantly more effective than hand cleaning for these items of equipment

Bound States of Type I' D-particles and Enhanced Gauge Symmetry

Duality between the E_8 x E_8 heterotic string and Type I' theory predicts a tower of D(irichlet)-particle bound states corresponding to perturbative heterotic string states. In the limit of infinite Type I' coupling, some of these bound states become massless, giving rise to enhanced E_8 x E_8 gauge symmetry. By taking a different infinite coupling limit, one can recover the E_8 x E_8 gauge bosons of M-theory, compactified on S^1/Z_2. In this paper we use the matrix model description of the D-particle dynamics to study these bound states. We find results consistent with the chain of dualities and clarify a number of issues that arise in the application of the matrix mechanics to this system.Comment: 11 pages, harvmac (b mode), minor correction

Stage-Specific and Interactive Effects of Sedimentation and Trout on a Headwater Stream Salamander

In species with complex life cycles, stage-specific effects of environmental conditions combine with factors regulating stage-specific recruitment to determine population-level response to habitat disturbance. The abundance of the stream salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus(Plethodontidae) is negatively related to both logging-associated sedimentation and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in headwater streams throughout New Hampshire, USA. To understand the mechanisms underlying these patterns, we investigated stage-specific and interactive effects of sedimentation and brook trout on G. porphyriticus. We conducted quantitative surveys of salamanders, brook trout, and substrate embeddedness in 15 first-order streams and used a controlled experiment to test the direct and interactive effects of these factors on larval growth and survival. G. porphyriticus larvae and adults had opposite patterns of response to sediment and brook trout. Multiple regression analysis of our survey data indicated that abundance of larvae was negatively related to brook trout abundance, but unrelated to substrate embeddedness. In contrast, abundance of adults was primarily related to substrate embeddedness. Consistent with the field pattern of larval abundance, brook trout had a negative effect on growth and survival of larvae in the experiment. However, there was no effect of sediment and no interaction between brook trout and sediment. Larval and adult abundances were not significantly correlated in the study streams, indicative of the independent effects of sedimentation and brook trout on G. porphyriticus populations. These results suggest that adult resistance to fish may facilitate G. porphyriticus coexistence with brook trout, and that larval resistance to sedimentation can buffer populations from extinction in fishless streams impacted by logging. In streams with brook trout, where larval abundances are low, reductions in adult abundance caused by logging impacts may pose a risk to species persistence. Our findings underscore the value of information on species life history, demography, and community ecology in assessing sensitivity to anthropogenic perturbation

Higher-derivative terms in one-loop effective action for general trajectories of D-particles in Matrix theory

The one-loop effective action for general trajectories of D-particles in Matrix theory is calculated in the expansion with respect to the number of derivatives up to six, which gives the equation of motion consistently. The result shows that the terms with six derivatives vanish for straight-line trajectories, however, they do not vanish in general. This provides a concrete example that non-renormalization of twelve-fermion terms does not necessarily imply that of six-derivative terms.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX2e, no figures, v2: a coefficient in (3.32) and the corresponding one in (3.33) corrected and a minor chang

Probing F-theory With Multiple Branes

We study multiple 3-branes on an F theory orientifold. The world-volume theory of the 3-branes is d=4, N=2 Sp(2k) gauge theory with an antisymmetric tensor and four flavors of matter in the fundamental. The solution of this gauge theory is found for vanishing bare mass of the antisymmetric tensor matter, and massive fundamental matter. The integrable system underlying this theory is constructed.Comment: 9 pages, harvma