3,674 research outputs found
Rotary solenoid shutter drive assembly and rotary inertia damper and stop plate assembly
A camera shutter assembly composed of a pair of superposed opaque planar shutter blades, each having an aperture and being arranged for reciprocal linear movement is disclosed. A pair of rotary solenoids, each connected to one of the blades by a linkage and arranged to be actuated separately at a predetermined interval is provided. An inertia damper and stop plate is built into each solenoid to prevent rebound
Vibration isolation for line of sight performance improvement
Diagrams of the Reaction Wheel Assembly (RWA) are presented along with charts and graphs illustrating jitter error model, induced vibration tests, radial displacement transfer function, and axial displacement power spectra density. The RWA isolator specification requirements are listed
The Utility of Trouble: Maximizing the Value of Our Human Services Dollars
Outlines recommendations to standardize service delivery areas and consolidate area offices of the state's seven largest human services agencies, as well as to close antiquated institutions. Projects benefits such as improved accessibility and savings
Quasiperpendicular high Mach number Shocks
Shock waves exist throughout the universe and are fundamental to
understanding the nature of collisionless plasmas. Reformation is a process,
driven by microphysics, which typically occurs at high Mach number
supercritical shocks. While ongoing studies have investigated this process
extensively both theoretically and via simulations, their observations remain
few and far between. In this letter we present a study of very high Mach number
shocks in a parameter space that has been poorly explored and we identify
reformation using in situ magnetic field observations from the Cassini
spacecraft at 10 AU. This has given us an insight into quasi-perpendicular
shocks across two orders of magnitude in Alfven Mach number (MA) which could
potentially bridge the gap between modest terrestrial shocks and more exotic
astrophysical shocks. For the first time, we show evidence for cyclic
reformation controlled by specular ion reflection occurring at the predicted
timescale of ~0.3 {\tau}c, where {\tau}c is the ion gyroperiod. In addition, we
experimentally reveal the relationship between reformation and MA and focus on
the magnetic structure of such shocks to further show that for the same MA, a
reforming shock exhibits stronger magnetic field amplification than a shock
that is not reforming.Comment: Accepted and Published in Physical Review Letters (2015
An ALMA 3mm continuum census of Westerlund 1
Context. Massive stars play an important role in both cluster and galactic evolution and the rate at which they lose mass is a key driver of both their own evolution and their interaction with the environment up to and including their terminal SNe explosions. Young massive clusters provide an ideal opportunity to study a co-eval population of massive stars, where both their individual properties and the interaction with their environment can be studied in detail.
Aims. We aim to study the constituent stars of the Galactic cluster Westerlund 1 in order to determine mass-loss rates for the diverse post-main sequence population of massive stars.
Methods. To accomplish this we made 3mm continuum observations with the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array.
Results. We detected emission from 50 stars in Westerlund 1, comprising all 21 Wolf-Rayets within the field of view, plus eight cool and 21 OB super-/hypergiants. Emission nebulae were associated with a number of the cool hypergiants while, unexpectedly, a number of hot stars also appear spatially resolved.
Conclusions. We were able to measure the mass-loss rates for a unique population of massive post-main sequence stars at every stage of evolution, confirming a significant increase as stars transitioned from OB supergiant to WR states via LBV and/or cool hypergiant phases. Fortuitously, the range of spectral types exhibited by the OB supergiants provides a critical test of radiatively-driven wind theory and in particular the reality of the bi-stability jump. The extreme mass-loss rate inferred for the interacting binary Wd1-9 in comparison to other cluster members confirmed the key role binarity plays in massive stellar evolution. The presence of compact nebulae around a number of OB and WR stars is unexpected; by analogy to the cool super-/hypergiants we attribute this to confinement and sculpting of the stellar wind via interaction with the intra-cluster medium/wind. Given the morphology of core collapse SNe depend on the nature of the pre-explosion circumstellar environment, if this hypothesis is correct then the properties of the explosion depend not just on the progenitor, but also the environment in which it is located
Distinguishing step relaxation mechanisms via pair correlation functions
Theoretical predictions of coupled step motion are tested by direct STM
measurement of the fluctuations of near-neighbor pairs of steps on
Si(111)-root3 x root3 R30 - Al at 970K. The average magnitude of the
pair-correlation function is within one standard deviation of zero, consistent
with uncorrelated near-neighbor step fluctuations. The time dependence of the
pair-correlation function shows no statistically significant agreement with the
predicted t^1/2 growth of pair correlations via rate-limiting atomic diffusion
between adjacent steps. The physical considerations governing uncorrelated step
fluctuations occurring via random attachment/detachment events at the step edge
are discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
Spiral Evolution in a Confined Geometry
Supported nanoscale lead crystallites with a step emerging from a
non-centered screw dislocation on the circular top facet were prepared by rapid
cooling from just above the melting temperature. STM observations of the top
facet show a nonuniform rotation rate and shape of the spiral step as the
crystallite relaxes. These features can be accurately modeled using curvature
driven dynamics, as in classical models of spiral growth, with boundary
conditions fixing the dislocation core and regions of the step lying along the
outer facet edge.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Physical Review Letter
Sampling Time Effects for Persistence and Survival in Step Structural Fluctuations
The effects of sampling rate and total measurement time have been determined
for single-point measurements of step fluctuations within the context of
first-passage properties. Time dependent STM has been used to evaluate step
fluctuations on Ag(111) films grown on mica as a function of temperature
(300-410 K), on screw dislocations on the facets of Pb crystallites at 320K,
and on Al-terminated Si(111) over the temperature range 770K - 970K. Although
the fundamental time constant for step fluctuations on Ag and Al/Si varies by
orders of magnitude over the temperature ranges of measurement, no dependence
of the persistence amplitude on temperature is observed. Instead, the
persistence probability is found to scale directly with t/Dt where Dt is the
time interval used for sampling. Survival probabilities show a more complex
scaling dependence which includes both the sampling interval and the total
measurement time tm. Scaling with t/Dt occurs only when Dt/tm is a constant. We
show that this observation is equivalent to theoretical predictions that the
survival probability will scale as Dt/L^z, where L is the effective length of a
step. This implies that the survival probability for large systems, when
measured with fixed values of tm or Dt should also show little or no
temperature dependence.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figure
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