A City " . . . Waiting for the Sunrise " : Toronto in Song and Sound

One aspect of urban culture is examined to evaluate Toronto's position within the urban hierarchy, namely, the production of songs and sounds about the city. Although much music has been performed and created in Toronto over the years, and many songs have been urritten about a variety of features of life in the city, the musical images of Toronto remain largely unknown beyond its borders—even to many of the city's own residents. If Toronto is a "world-class city," the evidence for such a claim would have to be found on other dimensions than the one explored here

The American Dream, Micronationalisms, and the Three Part National Identity as Presented by Dr. Hunter S. Thompson

Hunter S. Thompson was a pioneer in Gonzo journalism, a writing style that fictionalized journalistic reporting through first draft, no editing publication. This unique writing style, coupled with Thompson’s personal collective identity based on Sedikides and Brewer’s three-part identity allowed for Thompson to draft a model for the three-part American identity based in the American dream. Throughout his career Thompson sought to find the American dream but what he found instead was the death of decency in America and the rebirth of the American dream through a whitewashed lens. The thesis paper explores three-parts of American identity, the American dream, American culture, and American perception throughout Thompson’s writings. The holistic American identity is a concept to broad to define, instead Thompson examined small segments of marginalized society, or micronationalisms, as examples of the greater American identity. Through racial disparity Thompson was able to explore limitations on the American dream within the micronationalisms of the Hell’s Angels, Chicano population of East Los Angeles, and the black population of Louisville, Kentucky. Thompson traced American perception through media bias towards micronationalism populations and irresponsible political reporting during the 1972 Presidential campaign and subsequent election. Thompson traces American culture through sports writing, the perception of women and rape culture in America, and through the city of Las Vegas as a unique micronationalism society

FIRST AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS WITH THE PURPLE CROW LIDAR: LOFTED PARTICULATE MATTER STRADDLING THE STRATOSPHERIC BOUNDARY

Independent aerosol backscatter and extinction measurements with the high power-aperture Purple Crow Lidar (42.87deg N, 81.38deg W, 225 m) are obtained for the first time. This is achieved through application of a Raman-Lidar technique for determining the field of view of the rotating liquid mercury mirror, and through development of a novel method for isolating the attenuation behaviour of the low-altitude mechanical signal chopper. Eleven nights of high-altitude (\u3e 12 km) aerosol observations are pre­ sented with measurements of the intrinsic extinction-to-backscatter aerosol ratio (Lidar ratio). These include cirrus clouds, smoke near the tropopause from biomass burning during June-July 2002 and stratospheric aerosols from the Kasatochi volcanic eruption of August 2008. Detailed structure in the Lidar ratio, reflecting physical particle properties, is observed - in contrast to the single value often assumed by Rayleigh Lidars. A coincidental measurement by the space-borne Calipso Lidar is found to have good agreement

Comparative analysis of morphological and morphometrical characters in six isolates of Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951 (Nemata : Tylenchida)

Six populations de #Pratylenchus vulnus$ Allen & Jensen, 1951 provenant d'Europe et d'Amérique ont été analysées du point de vue morphologique et morphométrique. Certaines différences ont été observées pour quelques caractères morphologiques (structure du sac post-vulvaire, forme de la spermathèque, largeur des champs latéraux). Par contre, des différences significatives concernant tous les caractères morphométriques (excepté le rapport "m") ont été constatées entre les populations. Une analyse de corrélation canonique montre que les relations entre populations pourraient être fonction de leur origine géographique et/ou de leur plante hôte. (Résumé d'auteur

Influence of opposition team formation on physical and skill-related performance in a professional soccer team

This study examined the influence of opposition team formation on physical and skill-related performance in a professional soccer team. Performance in forty-five French League 1 matches played over three competitive seasons (2007-08, 2008-09, and 2009-10) was analysed using multi-camera computerised tracking. Players (n=21) in the reference team (using a 4-3-3/4-5-1 formation) were analysed in matches against three opposition team formations: 4-4-2 (11 games), 4-3-3/4-5-1 (16 games) and 4-2-3-1 (18 games). Performance was compared for defending and midfield units as a whole and individually across four positions: fullbacks, central-defenders and central- and wide-midfielders. Collectively, players covered a greater total distance (p<0.05) and distance in low/moderate-intensity running (0-14.3km/h) (p<0.05) in matches against a 4-2-3-1 compared to a 4-4-2 formation. Distance covered in high-intensity (14.4-19.7km/h) and very high-intensity running (≥19.8km/h) was not affected by opposition formation. In contrast, players covered more distance in total high-intensity performance (≥14.4km/h) when the reference team was in possession against a 4-4-2 compared to a 4-2-3-1 formation (p<0.05) while more distance was run at these speeds when the reference team was out of possession against a 4-2-3-1 (p<0.01) and a 4-3-3 (p<0.05) compared to a 4-4-2 formation. Players ran less distance at low/moderate intensities in the second- versus first-half of matches against all three formations (p<0.01 to p<0.05) whereas total distance and high-intensity performance was unaffected. None of the measures of physical performance across the individual playing positions were affected by opposition team formation. Skill-related performance varied according to opposition formation: players as a whole performed more passes versus a 4-4-2 than a 4-2-3-1 (p<0.01), ground and aerial duels versus a 4-2-3-1 compared to a 4-4-2 (both p<0.01); 1-touch passes versus a 4-2-3-1 compared to a 4-4-2 (p<0.01) and a 4-3-3/4-5-1 (p<0.05). The mean number of touches per possession was highest versus a 4-4-2 compared to a 4-3-3/4-5-1 (p<0.01) and a 4-2-3-1 (p<0.01). While skill-related performance across the four individual playing positions was generally unaffected by opposition team formation, mean pass length was greater in central-midfielders against a 4-4-2 compared to 4-3-3/4-5-1 (p<0.05) and 4-2-3-1 (p<0.01) formations. In general, these findings suggest that physical performance in the reference team was not greatly affected by opposition team formation. In contrast, skill-related demands varied substantially according to opponent formation and may have consequences for tactical and technical preparation and team selection policies

Migration and the Social Order in Erie County, New York: 1855

Mass transiency remains the most striking and consistent finding to emerge from quantitative studies of Victorian North America. In almost every place where historians have looked at least half, often two thirds, of the adults present at one end of a decade had left ten years later, and rates based on shorter periods reveal a stream of people constantly flowing through nineteenth-century cities. Although 363,000 people lived in Boston in 1880 and 448,000 in 1890, during the decade about one and one-half million people actually had dwelled within the city. When Victorians sought a symbol of progress, they often chose the steam engine; had they wanted a metaphor for their cities, they could have found none more apt than the railroad station. In this paper we confront the question of transiency. Using the New York State Census of 1855 for the entire city of Buffalo and a 10 percent sample of household heads in rural Erie County, we attempt a method of estimating persistence (the proportion of the population remaining in a given place) that is different from that used by most historians. Given the richness of the census, we are able to inquire with great detail into the factors that determined length of residence in a nineteenth-century city and its surrounding countryside