Algerian students specialized in German civilization and the English language

The aim of this research paper is to shed light on the students’ preoccupations at the university level, mainly the ones who have enjoyed learning English as an elementary subject in high school and, find themselves acquainted to a specialty that tends to neglect the use of the English language in the university studies. After passing the Baccalaureate exam, the students were orientated to specialize in German studies These students announce to the teacher they wish they mastered the English language though they know that the time limited to their encounter is only one hour and a half per week. This situation in itself constitutes a challenge for the teacher and leads him /her to answer the following question: what curriculum could the teacher elaborate to enable the students reach their objective; speaking English fluently? In an attempt to answer the raised question, it is necessary to identify the students’ profile, mainly the ones who have shifted from English as a third language -after French- to the fourth position after German

German Language Students and The English Language

The main objective of writing this research paper is to deal with the factors that affect the acquisition of the English language in the educational system in Algeria. The most effective way to raise educational standards begins with teaching quality to affect the learners’ readiness in society and aligning with national aspirations and economic development. Being an international language, English has occupied a prominent position in the Algerian educational system. However, the specialty of German studies at the university tends to neglect the use of the English language. The students are acquainted to a new situation when their encounter with the teacher of English is limited to one hour and a half per week. To what extent could the time table and coefficient impact the acquisition of the English language for the German language students? To carry out the research, a qualitative approach was conducted relying on the two following methods: observation and a group interview. Through these two methods, the collected data were collected and then analysed; they constituted the findings of our research paper

Native American and Targui WomenSimilar Aspects of Life

Renown scholars have previously pointed to the commoness existing between tribal people in different parts of the world. At first glance, visible affinities attract the attention of the viewers either when travelling, reading books or, watching documentary films. Some writers have mentioned the common traits between the native Americans and the Saharans of north Africa. The two regions seem too hard to live in still, they are populated and their peoples have managed to enter history and the cultural world heritage with their petro glyphs and distinctive cultural traits. To what extent do Native Americans and the Saharans of North Africa share cultural traits and why? This visible commonness is attributed to women more than men, for the reader would see no resemblance between a veiled Targui and a Native American with a feather’s headdress. Three hypotheses are stated to enhance some parallels. The findings which are listed concern the spiritual and cultural characteristics of both populations in general besides some specificities such as jewels’ motifs, vivid colors and, the hairstyle of women

Benzo[c]phenanthrene derivatives: Synthesis, optical properties and cytotoxic activity

A new benzo[c]phenanthrene ketone has been synthesized through Heck coupling and oxidative photocyclization. The optical properties of the target tetracyclic system were also investigated by UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy and an emission in the visible region was observed. The tetracyclic ketone has been reacted with primary amines in the presence of Lewis acid followed by NaBH4 reduction to provide new polyaromatic secondary amines in good yields and purity. All the synthesized new compounds were identified and characterized through a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometric methods. The cytotoxic activity of all pure benzo[c]phenanthrene derivatives has been evaluated against Hep-2 cell line using (MTT) colori­metric assay

DOS HOMBRES POSANDO [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Gene therapy for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 in a clinically relevant mouse model

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is a rare monogenic disease caused by mutations in the ABCB4 gene, resulting in a reduction in biliary phosphatidylcholine. Reduced biliary phosphatidylcholine cannot counteract the detergent effects of bile salts, leading to cholestasis, cholangitis, cirrhosis and ultimately liver failure. Here, we report results from treating two- or five-week-old Abcb4-/- mice with an AAV vector expressing human ABCB4, resulting in significant decreases of PFIC3 disease biomarkers. All male mice achieved a sustained therapeutic effect up through 12 weeks, but the effect was achieved in only 50% of females. However, two-week-old females receiving a second inoculation three weeks later maintained the therapeutic effect. Upon sacrifice, markers of PFIC3 disease such as, hepatosplenomegaly, biliary phosphatidylcholine and liver histology were significantly improved. Thus, AAV-mediated gene therapy successfully prevented PFIC3 symptoms in a clinically relevant mouse model, representing a step forward in improving potential therapy options for PFIC3 patients

Intra-amniotic delivery of CFTR-expressing adenovirus does not reverse cystic fibrosis phenotype in inbred CFTR-knockout mice

This article is available open access through the publisher’s website at the link below. Copyright © 2008 The American Society of Gene Therapy.Due to its early onset and severe prognosis, cystic fibrosis (CF) has been suggested as a candidate disease for in utero gene therapy. In 1997, a study was published claiming that to how transient prenatal expression of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) from an in utero –injected adenovirus vector could achieve permanent reversal of the CF intestinal pathology in adult CF knockout mice, despite the loss of CFTR transgene expression by birth. This would imply that the underlying cause of CF is a prenatal defect for which lifelong cure can be achieved by transient prenatal expression of CFTR. Despite criticism at the time of publication, no independent verification of this contentious finding has been published so far. This is vital for the development of future therapeutic strategies as it may determine whether CF gene therapy should be performed prenatally or postnatally. We therefore reinvestigated this finding with an identical adenoviral vector and a knockout CF mouse line (CftrtmlCam) with a completely inbred genetic background to eliminate any effects due to genetic variation. After delivery of the CFTR-expressing adenovirus to the fetal mouse, both vector DNA and transgenic CFTR expression were detected in treated animals postpartum but statistically no significant difference in survival was observed between the Cftr–/– mice treated with the CFTR-adenovirus and those treated with the control vector.Sport Aiding Medical Research for Kids, the Cystic Fibrosis Trust, and the Katharine Dormandy Trust

Polymers for Improving the In Vivo Transduction Efficiency of AAV2 Vectors

Background: Adeno-associated virus has attracted great attention as vehicle for body-wide gene delivery. However, for the successful treatment of a disease such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy infusion of very large amounts of vectors is required. This not only raises questions about the technical feasibility of the large scale production but also about the overall safety of the approach. One way to overcome these problems would be to find strategies able to increase the in vivo efficiency. Methodology: Here, we investigated whether polymers can act as adjuvants to increase the in vivo efficiency of AAV2. Our strategy consisted in the pre-injection of polymers before intravenous administration of mice with AAV2 encoding a murine secreted alkaline phosphatase (mSeAP). The transgene expression, vector biodistribution and tissue transduction were studied by quantification of the mSeAP protein and real time PCR. The injection of polyinosinic acid and polylysine resulted in an increase of plasmatic mSeAP of 2- and 12-fold, respectively. Interestingly, polyinosinic acid pre-injection significantly reduced the neutralizing antibody titer raised against AAV2. Conclusions: Our results show that the pre-injection of polymers can improve the overall transduction efficiency of systemically administered AAV2 and reduce the humoral response against the capsid proteins