Infection of human primary renal epithelial cells with HIV-1 from children with HIV-associated nephropathy

Infection of human primary renal epithelial cells with HIV-1 from children with HIV-associated nephropathy. Children affected with human immunodefficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) usually develop significant renal glomerular and tubular epithelial cell injury. The pathogenesis of these changes is not clearly understood. Human renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEc) do not express CD4 surface receptors, and it is not clear whether these cells can be infected by HIV-1. Certain strains of HIV-1, however, have been shown capable of infecting CD4-negative epithelial cell lines. We hypothesized that the inability of laboratory strains of HIV-1 to infect renal epithelial cells may be due to a limited tropism, as opposed to wild-type viruses derived from children with HIVAN, and that viruses derived from these children are capable of infecting RTEc from the same patient. Here, we have demonstrated that HIV-1 isolates from children with HIVAN can productively infect RTEc through a CD4 independent pathway, and that infected mononuclear cells can transfer the virus to human RTEc. Human RTEc sustained low levels of viral replication and HIV-1 inhibited the growth and survival of cultured human RTEc. Thus, HIV-1 may directly induce degenerative changes in RTEc of children with HIVAN. Infected macrophages may play a relevant role in this process by transferring viruses to RTEc

TIME CDST: an updated tool to address the current challenges in wound care.

Despite the understanding that wounds are a common problem affecting the individual, the health service and society as a whole, there continues to be a lack of a systematic, structured, evidence-based approach to wound management. The TIME principle was first published in 2003

Questions of Community : Artists, Audiences, Coalitions

Sketching a brief history of the treatment of aboriginals in the New World, 22 Canadians artists and writers interrogate, mainly in prose form, problems of community and identity for cultural minorities in Canada. Five writers commment on the act of collaboration. Brief biographical notes on contributors. 86 bibl. ref

Fragments palestiniens : pouvoir, territoire et société

Entre 2005 et 2007, la Palestine connaît l’élection d’une nouvelle figure présidentielle, la fin de la seconde Intifada, le retrait unilatéral de Gaza et des élections législatives qui débouchent sur l’éclatement de l’ordre politique qui prévalait depuis la signature des accords d’Oslo (1993). La division en deux autorités distinctes, à Ramallah et Gaza, vient conclure cette période et durablement reconfigurer les vécus palestiniens, en premier lieu dans les territoires occupés, mais également en Israël, dans les camps de réfugiés ou au sein de la diaspora éclatée. Le travail collectif de ce numéro tente d’appréhender les traductions de cette fragmentation dans l’ensemble des espaces sociaux et territoriaux palestiniens. Les enquêtes menées explorent les formes de mobilisations, la production culturelle, les imaginaires, l’économie politique et les pratiques de pouvoir qui singularisent la période ouverte par ce « moment 2005 ». Ce faisant, elles contribuent à réincarner et restituer des expériences socio-politiques palestiniennes qui viennent contredire le discours commun sur la « disparition » de la Palestine