The Roles of Danio Rerio Nrf2 Paralogs in Response to Oxidative Stress in the Pancreatic Beta Cell

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Oxidative stress can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. The Nrf2 transcription factor regulates the antioxidant response in cells by binding to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in DNA and activating genes of enzymes that combat oxidative stress. During the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), β-cells are exposed to increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress. Zebrafish (ZF) are excellent models for studying the dynamic mechanisms associated with DM pathogenesis, and we recently developed a ZF model of β-cell apoptosis caused by ROS. Two paralogs of Nrf2 have been identified in ZF, Nrf2a and Nrf2b, but their roles in pancreas development and/or β-cell survival are unknown. To investigate their roles, Nrf2a and Nrf2b antisense morpholinos (MO) were injected into Day 0 ZF embryos and analyzed over time. While Nrf2a MO showed no obvious phenotypes compared to WT, Nrf2b MO exhibited reduced pancreas size and islets with disrupted morphology. Ins:NTR Nrf2a MO showed reduced β-cell loss upon exposure to Metronidazole (MTZ) under generation of ROS compared to WT. Sequence analysis of ZF nrf2b in 3-day post-fertilization (dpf) embryos revealed a novel splice variant containing an additional exon that has not been described. Further investigation of Nrf2a and Nrf2b is likely to yield additional insights regarding the function and regulation of the NRF2-signaling pathway and their roles in β-cell protection under oxidative stress

Változásfolyamatok a magyarok és ukránok által lakott kárpátaljai Izsnyéte közösségében

Kutatásaimat a kárpátaljai Izsnyétén 2012-ben kezdtem antropológiai kutatócsoporttal. Kezdetben a lokális település együttélési mechanizmusaira, az ott élő etnikumok kulturális sajátosságaira voltunk kíváncsiak, de a háborús helyzet miatt hamarabb abba kellett hagynunk empirikus kutatásainkat 2015 előtt. 2017-ben, doktoranduszként folytattam empirikus kutatásaimat Izsnyétén, ahol a magyarok abszolút többséget képviselnek az államalkotó ukrán etnikummal szemben. Az alapvető kutatási koncepció az volt, hogy olyan határhoz közel eső lokális települést válasszak, ahol kettő, vagy három eltérő etnikum él együtt évtizedek óta. Tanulmányomban az etnicitás termelődésének folyamatát vizsgálom, valamint a településen élő etnikumok egymásról alkotott képét és változásait, valamint egymáshoz való alkalmazkodási folyamatait korábbi kutatások adataival összehasonlítva, reflektálva a változásokra, főként az asszimiláció tükrében. Már a 2012-es kutatások eredményei is térbeli izolációt mutattak, sok esetben a disszimiláció volt tapasztalható az együtt élő etnikumok között, azonban számos más tényező és aspektus az elmúlt években eltérő, változatos folyamatokat idézett elő

KÜSZÖBÖN A DIGITALIZÁCIÓ: A KONTROLLEREKKEL SZEMBEN TÁMASZTOTT KOMPETENCIA-ELVÁRÁSOK VÁLTOZÁSA – SZAKIRODALMI ÁTTEKINTÉS

In the literature the way innovation shakes an industry or social subsystem shows up as ‘digital transformation’, or ‘disruptive technology’. Digital transformation impacts the whole company, especially finance and accounting. These function areas, on one hand, are following the changes brought about by digital transformation, while supporting decision-making process, and, on the other hand, new opportunities are opening up to make these areas more effective. These environmental changes demand an in-depth examination of the development of competency expectations and responsibilities of employees working these function areas. The aim of this paper is to determine how the revealed processes and tendencies affect the organizational and the individual level, and how the expectations of the future controller change.A szakirodalom “digitalis átalakulásnak”, vagy “disruptív technológiának” nevezi az innováció azon tulajdonságát, ahogyan és amilyen gyorsan felforgatnak egy-egy iparágat, társadalmi alrendszert. Mindez a szervezet egészét érinti, különös tekintettel a pénzügyi funkcióterületekre. Ezen területek egyrészről a megfelelő döntéstámogatás biztosítása nyomán végig követik a digitális transzformáció okozta változásokat, másrészről ezek nyomán új lehetőségek adódnak, amelyek révén hatásosabbá lehet válniuk e területeknek maguknak is. Ezen környezeti változások indokolttá teszik az ezen munkaterületeken dolgozókkal szemben támasztott kompetencia-elvárások és feladatkörök alakulásának beható vizsgálatát. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy releváns szakirodalom áttekintésén keresztül bemutassa, hogy a digitalis átalakulás a jelenben miként formálja a kontrolling gyakorlatot, illetve az ezen munkaterületen dolgozókkal szemben ezzel párhuzamosan milyen új munkaerőpiaci igények indukálódnak

Molecular detection and genome analysis of circoviruses of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and Sichel (Pelecus cultratus) from lake Balaton, Hungary

Balatoni angolnákból és gardából kimutatott cirkovírusok genomiális szintű összehasonlító vizsgálat

Molecular detection and genome analysis of circoviruses of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from Lake Balaton

Circoviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with a circular single-stranded (ss) DNA genome, which ranges from about 1.3-2.3 kb in size. The genome contains at least two open reading frames (ORF) arranged on different strands, these encode the replication (Rep) and capsid (Cap) proteins. Before the last decade, circoviruses were known only from birds and swine, but recently, due to the different metagenomic methods and PCR based diagnostic tests, numerous circovirus-related sequences were described from environmental samples, invertebrates and also from lower vertebrates (amphibian and fish). According to the increasing number of the detected piscine circoviruses, a monitoring program (Bioclimate) is carried out for screening circoviruses in Hungarian freshwater fishes. Samples were taken regularly also from Lake Balaton. In March 2014, fifteen living European eels (Anguilla anguilla) and two razorfish (Pelecus cultratus) were caught among other species at the Sió-floodgate sampling site. After euthanasia, tissue samples were collected from the gills, liver, spleen, kidney and intestine. The presence of circoviral DNA was detected by a broad-spectrum nested PCR, targeting the Rep gene. In case of positive results, rolling circle amplification and inverse nested PCR reactions were carried out to amplify the remaining part of the circular genomes. Six out of the fifteen eels, and one razorfish sample were found to be positive for circoviral DNA. Analysis of these fragments revealed the presence of three different circovirus-related rep-like sequences. One of them (representing with 3 samples) was identical with the previously described eel circovirus (EeCV) by Doszpoly et al. (2014). The whole genome amplification of these 3 samples was also successful. Comparing the partial rep-like sequences, two other samples were similar with 96% nucleotide identity to the above mentioned ones, and were identical to the rep-like sequence originating from razorfish. The 6th circovirus positive sample showed only 50% similarity to the EeCV, but it was found to be identical to the rep-like sequences of roaches (Rutilus rutilus) caught from Lake Balaton, recently. Circoviruses were described as host-specific or narrow host range microorganisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the detection of the same circovirus related sequences in various, distantly related fishes and the occurrence of different rep-like sequences in the same fish species

Full genome sequence of a novel circo-like virus detected in an adult European eel Anguilla anguilla showing signs of cauliflower disease.

An adult European eel Anguilla anguilla, showing typical signs of the so-called cauliflower disease, was subjected to pathological and molecular virological examinations. Samples taken from internal organs and the polypoid proliferative tissue from the mouth were examined by PCR for the detection of several viruses. Positive results were obtained with a nested PCR targeting the rep gene of circoviruses. Analysis of the partial rep sequence indicated the presence of a putative novel circovirus, but attempts to isolate it remained unsuccessful. The missing part of the genome was acquired by an inverse nested PCR with 2 specific primer pairs, designed from the newly determined rep sequence, followed by genome walking. The circular full genome was found to consist of 1378 nt (GenBank accession no. KC469701). Two oppositely oriented open reading frames (ORFs) were present, of which one was unambiguously identified as a circoviral rep gene. However, the predicted product of the other ORF, though it is a clear positional counterpart of the cap genes, showed no obvious homology to any known circoviral capsid proteins. A stem-loop-like element in the intergenic region between the 5' ends of the ORFs was also found. Phylogenetic calculations indicated that the novel virus belongs to the genus Circovirus in the family Circoviridae. The relative amount of the viral DNA in the organ samples was estimated by quantitative real-time PCR. The results suggested that the examined fish was caught in an active viremic state, although the role of this circovirus in the etiology of the cauliflower diseases could not be ascertained