COMPETITOR AND VENDOR INFLUENCE ON THE ADOPTION OF AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE SYSTEMS

Although investments in innovative IT applications have been shown to add value to the firm (Dos Santos, Peffers and Mauer, 1993), these investments are expensive and risky (Dos Santos, 1991). Consequently, the decision to adopt innovative applications early or to wait until they have proven successful is a difficult and consequential decision for the firm. What determines the adoption timing by firms? Although adoption of IT and related phenomenon have received attention in the IS literature (Gurbaxani, 1990; Loh and Venkatraman, 1992), this is an important question that has not been considered to date. We study the adoption of automated teller machine (ATM) technology by US banks. The ATM is one of the most visible and influential of IT innovations in the banking industry. As early as 1970, ATMs were widely expected to be an important emerging technology (ABA, 1972). Yet, nine years after the first ATMs appeared in 1971 less than 20% of all banks had installed ATMs and seven more years passed before a majority of U.S. banks installed any ATMs (Dos Santos and Peffers, 1995). This paper presents the results of a study of ATM adoption between 1971 and 1992. We attempt to determine whether ATM adoption was influenced by internal factors, external factors or a combination of internal and external factors. Out analysis indicates that ATM adoption was influenced by internal and external factors; both adoption by competitors and efforts by vendors influenced adoption. The results have implications for potential users of new technology and manufacturers of new technologies

Venture Capital Funding for Information Technology Businesses

The success of new ventures can hinge on obtaining venture capital (VC) funding. Virtually every successful IT venture has depended on VC funding early in its history. However, obtaining venture capital is difficult. Unlike earlier studies on VC funding that consider new ventures to be homogeneous, this study seeks to identify factors that VCs consider when they make funding decisions for IT ventures. Building on prior research in the area of agency and business risk, we develop a theoretical model that draws on work in finance and entrepreneurship. The model suggests that VCs consider two types of risk: business risk and agency risk. The relative importance of these two types of risk may be different across industries. We test this model using data from 139 business plans for IT startups that were considered for funding by VCs. Traditional structural equation modeling (SEM) does not accommodate non-normal data or dichotomous outcome variables. Using the Robust Weighted Least Squares approach, we test our model with non-normal data and dichotomous outcomes. In addition, we use Tetrad analysis to check model fit against alternative models, floor and ceiling analysis to test sample frame validity, relative effect size comparison to test relative elasticity of effects, and a Monte Carlo estimation approach to test overall model power and power of individual paths. We find that business risk is an important factor in start-up funding for IT ventures. We do not find agency risk to be an important consideration in start-up funding for IT ventures

Yesterday\u27s Tomorrows at the Dawn of ICIS: 30 Year Re-Visions from the 1st ICIS Doctoral Consortium

ICIS 2009 marks the 30th anniversary of the 1st ICIS Doctoral Consortium held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There were 19 student participants at that doctoral consortium, and 9 faculty – all full of anticipation, excitement, and some apprehension: where would the IS field lead them? Or where could they lead it? What did the future hold? What were the visions of the future for the IS field? This panel re-examines yesterday’s tomorrow’s and re-visions what they had seen 30 years ago to see what we can learn today for the next 30 years for the future of the IS field and IS research. This panel seeks to give a sense of history and of past visions, while devoting a large part of the panel time and discussion to generating insights for the future of the IS field. The panel is co-chaired by three of the student participants of the 1st ICIS 1980 Doctoral Consortium (Ariav, Dos Santos, and El Sawy). The two key panelists/speakers, Peter G.W. Keen and Michael Ginzberg were at the 1st ICIS as plenary speakers and doctoral consortium faculty

Is IT Really Becoming a Commodity?

Academics and others have claimed that IT is becoming a commodity input, one that can no longer confer a competitive advantage. If IT is becoming a commodity, the role played by IT in most firms should be akin to that played by utilities. We conduct an event-study to determine whether IT is becoming a commodity. We use the volatility of a firm’s stock price to certain macroeconomic news (news about shrinking or expanding demand) to compare the stock price behavior of utility firms with that of IT firms. We find that although the IT industry as a whole is not becoming a commodity, there are some firms within the IT industry that are similar to a utility. In addition, we find that the view that IT can confer a competitive advantage (as perceived by financial markets) was stronger during the dotcom boom period than at other times in the study period (1980-2007)

An Approach to Meeting AACSB Assurance of Learning Standards in an IS Core Course

AACSB accreditation is a much sought designation by business schools in the United States, and increasingly, around the world. Beginning in 2003, AACSB changed its focus on the business curriculum from an assessment of inputs to an assessment of outputs. This change has greatly increased the demands on faculty because programs must now demonstrate learning outcomes, not just what students are taught. The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient and effective method to assess learning outcomes in an IS core (required) course in the undergraduate program, by seeing how an accredited mid-western state university developed and implemented a course to meet the new AACSB requirements. We describe the process used to assess learning outcomes and how the results of the assessment are used to improve learning outcomes. We also describe how the IS course assessment ties in to learning assessment of the undergraduate program as a whole

A cross-sectional study of quality of life among Brazilian adults with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin glargine : findings and implications

We conducted a cross-sectional study with 401 patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin glargine in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using EQ-5D-3L and the Diabetes Quality of Life Measure. Our findings showed that a worse HRQoL was associated with a low level of education, self-perceived health reported as poor/very poor, being bedridden and not physically exercised, had seen a doctor more than four times in the past year before the interview, and had reported comorbidities and episodes of hypoglycemia

Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation.

GWAS have identified a breast cancer susceptibility locus on 2q35. Here we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 101,943 subjects from 50 case-control studies. We genotype 276 SNPs using the 'iCOGS' genotyping array and impute genotypes for a further 1,284 using 1000 Genomes Project data. All but two, strongly correlated SNPs (rs4442975 G/T and rs6721996 G/A) are excluded as candidate causal variants at odds against >100:1. The best functional candidate, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease with an odds ratio (OR) in Europeans of 0.85 (95% confidence interval=0.84-0.87; P=1.7 × 10(-43)) per t-allele. This SNP flanks a transcriptional enhancer that physically interacts with the promoter of IGFBP5 (encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) and displays allele-specific gene expression, FOXA1 binding and chromatin looping. Evidence suggests that the g-allele confers increased breast cancer susceptibility through relative downregulation of IGFBP5, a gene with known roles in breast cell biology