11 research outputs found

    Prognostic impact of vitamin B6 metabolism in lung cancer

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    Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are routinely treated with cytotoxic agents such as cisplatin. Through a genome-wide siRNA-based screen, we identified vitamin B6 metabolism as a central regulator of cisplatin responses in vitro and in vivo. By aggravating a bioenergetic catastrophe that involves the depletion of intracellular glutathione, vitamin B6 exacerbates cisplatin-mediated DNA damage, thus sensitizing a large panel of cancer cell lines to apoptosis. Moreover, vitamin B6 sensitizes cancer cells to apoptosis induction by distinct types of physical and chemical stress, including multiple chemotherapeutics. This effect requires pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), the enzyme that generates the bioactive form of vitamin B6. In line with a general role of vitamin B6 in stress responses, low PDXK expression levels were found to be associated with poor disease outcome in two independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC. These results indicate that PDXK expression levels constitute a biomarker for risk stratification among patients with NSCLC.publishedVersio

    No evidence for viral sequences in five lepidic adenocarcinomas (former “BAC”) by a high-throughput sequencing approach

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    International audienceBackgroundThe hypothesis of an infectious etiology of the formerly named bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (BAC) has raised controversy. We investigated tumor lung tissues from five patients with former BAC histology using high-throughput sequencing technologies to discover potential viruses present in this type of lung cancer. Around 180 million single reads of 100 bases were generated for each BAC sample.ResultsNone of the reads showed a significant similarity for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and no other viruses were found except for endogenous retroviruses.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we have demonstrated the absence of JSRV and other known human viruses in five samples of well-characterized lepidic adenocarcinoma.BackgroundThe bronchiolar-alveolar cancer (BAC) in its past definition (WHO classification 1999) is a rare form of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). The international WHO 2015 classification recommends distinguishing adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS, formerly non-mucinous BAC) from invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA, formerly mucinous BAC) and non-mucinous lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma of the lungs [1]. In many such patients, the tumor progression respects the pulmonary architecture and develops mainly in the terminal respiratory unit (lepidic growth)

    La déficience de PBRM1 confÚre une létalité synthétique aux inhibiteurs de la réparation de l'ADN dans le cancer

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    International audienceInactivation of Polybromo 1 (PBRM1), a specific subunit of the PBAF chromatin remodeling complex, occurs frequently in cancer, including 40% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). To identify novel therapeutic approaches to targeting PBRM1-defective cancers, we used a series of orthogonal functional genomic screens that identified PARP and ATR inhibitors as being synthetic lethal with PBRM1 deficiency. The PBRM1/PARP inhibitor synthetic lethality was recapitulated using several clinical PARP inhibitors in a series of in vitro model systems and in vivo in a xenograft model of ccRCC. In the absence of exogenous DNA damage, PBRM1-defective cells exhibited elevated levels of replication stress, micronuclei, and R-loops. PARP inhibitor exposure exacerbated these phenotypes. Quantitative mass spectrometry revealed that multiple R-loop processing factors were downregulated in PBRM1-defective tumor cells. Exogenous expression of the R-loop resolution enzyme RNase H1 reversed the sensitivity of PBRM1-deficient cells to PARP inhibitors, suggesting that excessive levels of R-loops could be a cause of this synthetic lethality. PARP and ATR inhibitors also induced cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) innate immune signaling in PBRM1-defective tumor cells. Overall, these findings provide the preclinical basis for using PARP inhibitors in PBRM1-defective cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that PARP and ATR inhibitors are synthetic lethal with the loss of PBRM1, a PBAF-specific subunit, thus providing the rationale for assessing these inhibitors in patients with PBRM1-defective cancer.L'inactivation de Polybromo 1 (PBRM1), une sous-unitĂ© spĂ©cifique du complexe de remodelage de la chromatine PBAF, se produit frĂ©quemment dans le cancer, y compris dans 40% des carcinomes rĂ©naux Ă  cellules claires (ccRCC). Afin d'identifier de nouvelles approches thĂ©rapeutiques pour cibler les cancers dĂ©ficients en PBRM1, nous avons utilisĂ© une sĂ©rie de cribles gĂ©nomiques fonctionnels orthogonaux qui ont identifiĂ© les inhibiteurs PARP et ATR comme Ă©tant synthĂ©tiquement lĂ©taux en cas de dĂ©ficience en PBRM1. La lĂ©talitĂ© synthĂ©tique des inhibiteurs de PBRM1/PARP a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©capitulĂ©e en utilisant plusieurs inhibiteurs cliniques de PARP dans une sĂ©rie de systĂšmes modĂšles in vitro et in vivo dans un modĂšle de xĂ©nogreffe de ccRCC. En l'absence de lĂ©sions exogĂšnes de l'ADN, les cellules dĂ©ficientes en PBRM1 prĂ©sentaient des niveaux Ă©levĂ©s de stress de rĂ©plication, de micronoyaux et de boucles R. L'exposition Ă  un inhibiteur de PARP a exacerbĂ© la lĂ©talitĂ© synthĂ©tique. L'exposition Ă  un inhibiteur de PARP a exacerbĂ© ces phĂ©notypes. La spectromĂ©trie de masse quantitative a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que plusieurs facteurs de traitement des boucles R Ă©taient rĂ©gulĂ©s Ă  la baisse dans les cellules tumorales dĂ©fectueuses de PBRM1. L'expression exogĂšne de l'enzyme de rĂ©solution des boucles R, la RNase H1, a inversĂ© la sensibilitĂ© des cellules PBRM1 dĂ©ficientes aux inhibiteurs de la PARP, ce qui suggĂšre que des niveaux excessifs de boucles R pourraient ĂȘtre une cause de cette lĂ©talitĂ© synthĂ©tique. Les inhibiteurs de PARP et d'ATR ont Ă©galement induit une signalisation immunitaire innĂ©e de type GMP cyclique-AMP synthase/stimulateur des gĂšnes de l'interfĂ©ron (cGAS/STING) dans les cellules tumorales dĂ©ficientes en PBRM1. Dans l'ensemble, ces rĂ©sultats fournissent une base prĂ©clinique pour l'utilisation des inhibiteurs de PARP dans les cancers dĂ©ficients en PBRM1. SIGNIFICATION : Cette Ă©tude dĂ©montre que les inhibiteurs de PARP et d'ATR sont synthĂ©tiquement lĂ©taux en cas de perte de PBRM1, une sous-unitĂ© spĂ©cifique du PBAF, ce qui justifie l'Ă©valuation de ces inhibiteurs chez les patients atteints d'un cancer dĂ©ficient en PBRM1
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