Die Herausbildung der sozialistischen Lebensweise bei Schülern in der Freizeit und ihr Einfluß auf die Persönlichkeitsentwicklung

In der Studie geht es um die Ermittlung wesentlicher Inhalte und Bedingungen der Herausbildung der sozialistischen Lebensweise Jugendlicher in der Freizeit und in der Bestimmung ihres Einflusses auf die sozialistische Persönlichkeitsentwicklung Jugendlicher. Dazu werden Schüler der 9. und 10. Klassen der POS befragt. Nach einigen Angaben zur Untersuchungspopulation und zur Methodik der Studie werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen (1) Bedürfnissen, Interessen, Motiven, Einstellungen, (2) Tätigkeiten und Realverhalten und (3) den objektiven Bedingungen hinsichtlich einiger wesentlicher Elemente der Entwicklung der sozialistischen Lebensweise Jugendlicher in der Freizeit analysiert. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Aussagen darüber erhalten, (1) welche materiellen und ideellen Bedingungen an der Erzeugung und Verwirklichung von Freizeitinteressen Jugendlicher in welchem Maße beteiligt sind, (2) wie Inhalte und Ausprägungen von Interessen und Realverhalten im Zusammenhang mit Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und Lebensweise gesellschaftstheoretisch und gesellschaftspolitisch beurteilt werden können, (3) welcher Grad an Übereinstimmung zwischen (objektiven) gesellschaftlichen Notwendigkeiten und Möglichkeiten, Voraussetzungen und Zielen einerseits und (subjektiven) individuellen Interessen und Tätigkeiten Jugendlicher in der Freizeit andererseits erkennbar ist. (ICA

Freizeit und Freizeitnutzung junger Arbeiter und Schüler in der Wartburgstadt Eisenach: Expertise zum Forschungsbericht "Die Herausbildung der sozialistischen Lebensweise Jungendlicher in der Freizeit und ihr Einfluß auf die Persönlichkeitsentwicklung"

In der Absicht, die überwiegend ausgeübten Freizeittätigkeiten der Eisenacher Jugendlichen sowie die subjektiven und objektiven Bedingungen ihres Freizeitverhaltens darzustellen, werden folgende Untersuchungsschwerpunkte thematisiert: (1) Tendenzen der staatlichen Jugendpolitik; (2) Einstellung zur Freizeit; (3) Freizeitumfang und -interessen; (4) Zufriedenheit der Jugendlichen mit dem Freizeitangebot. Hierzu erfolgte eine Befragung von ca. 250 Schülern und 400 jungen Arbeitnehmern der Stadt Eisenach. Außerdem wurden Zeitbudgetuntersuchungen und Veranstaltungs- und Programmanalysen durchgeführt. "Die Untersuchungsergebnisse bestätigen das erfolgreiche Bemühen der staatlichen und gesellschaftlichen Kräfte in der Wartburgstadt Eisenach, einen immer stärkeren Einfluß auf die Entwicklung der sozialistischen Lebensweise der Jugend in der Freizeit zu nehmen." (psz

Erythroid differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells is independent of donor cell type of origin

Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells, which is related to the somatic cell type of origin of the stem cells, might lead to variations in the differentiation capacities of the pluripotent stem cells. In this context, induced pluripotent stem cells from human CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells might be more suitable for hematopoietic differentiation than the commonly used fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. To investigate the influence of an epigenetic memory on the ex vivo expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells into erythroid cells, we compared induced pluripotent stem cells from human neural stem cells and human cord blood-derived CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells and evaluated their potential for differentiation into hematopoietic progenitor and mature red blood cells. Although genome-wide DNA methylation profiling at all promoter regions demonstrates that the epigenetic memory of induced pluripotent stem cells is influenced by the somatic cell type of origin of the stem cells, we found a similar hematopoietic induction potential and erythroid differentiation pattern of induced pluripotent stem cells of different somatic cell origin. All human induced pluripotent stem cell lines showed terminal maturation into normoblasts and enucleated reticulocytes, producing predominantly fetal hemoglobin. Differences were only observed in the growth rate of erythroid cells, which was slightly higher in the induced pluripotent stem cells derived from CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells. More detailed methylation analysis of the hematopoietic and erythroid promoters identified similar CpG methylation levels in the induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from CD34(+) cells and those derived from neural stem cells, which confirms their comparable erythroid differentiation potential.close1

Investigation of the β-pinene photooxidation by OH in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR

Beside isoprene, monoterpenes are the non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOC) with the highest global emission rates. Due to their high reactivity towards OH, monoterpenes can dominate the radical chemistry of the atmosphere in forested areas. In the present study the photochemical degradation mechanism of β-pinene was investigated in the Jülich atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR. The focus of this study is on the OH budget in the degradation process. Therefore the SAPHIR chamber was equipped with instrumentation to measure radicals (OH, HO2, RO2), the total OH reactivity, important OH precursors (O3, HONO, HCHO), the parent VOC beta-pinene, its main oxidation products, acetone and nopinone, and photolysis frequencies. All experiments were carried out under low NOx conditions (≤ 2 ppb) and at atmospheric beta-pinene concentrations (≤ 5 ppb) with and without addition of ozone. For the investigation of the OH budget, the OH production and destruction rates were calculated from measured quantities. Within the limits of accuracy of the instruments, the OH budget was balanced in all β-pinene oxidation experiments. However, even though the OH budget was closed, simulation results from the Master Chemical Mechanism 3.2 showed that the OH production and destruction rates were underestimated by the model. The measured OH and HO2 concentrations were underestimated by up to a factor of two whereas the total OH reactivity was slightly overestimated because of the poor reproduction of the measured nopinone by the model by up to a factor of three. A new, theory-derived first-generation product distribution by Vereecken and Peeters was able to reproduce the measured nopinone time series and the total OH reactivity. Nevertheless the measured OH and HO2 concentrations remained underestimated by the numerical simulations. These observations together with the fact that the measured OH budget was closed suggest the existence of unaccounted sources of HO2

Cloning of the Repertoire of Individual Plasmodium falciparum var Genes Using Transformation Associated Recombination (TAR)

One of the major virulence factors of the malaria causing parasite is the Plasmodium falciparum encoded erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). It is translocated to It the membrane of infected erythrocytes and expressed from approximately 60 var genes in a mutually exclusive manner. Switching of var genes allows the parasite to alter functional and antigenic properties of infected erythrocytes, to escape the immune defense and to establish chronic infections. We have developed an efficient method for isolating VAR genes from telomeric and other genome locations by adapting transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning, which can then be analyzed and sequenced. For this purpose, three plasmids each containing a homologous sequence representing the upstream regions of the group A, B, and C var genes and a sequence homologous to the conserved acidic terminal segment (ATS) of var genes were generated. Co-transfection with P. falciparum strain ITG2F6 genomic DNA in yeast cells yielded 200 TAR clones. The relative frequencies of clones from each group were not biased. Clones were screened by PCR, as well as Southern blotting, which revealed clones missed by PCR due to sequence mismatches with the primers. Selected clones were transformed into E. coli and further analyzed by RFLP and end sequencing. Physical analysis of 36 clones revealed 27 distinct types potentially representing 50% of the var gene repertoire. Three clones were selected for sequencing and assembled into single var gene containing contigs. This study demonstrates that it is possible to rapidly obtain the repertoire of var genes from P. falciparum within a single set of cloning experiments. This technique can be applied to individual isolates which will provide a detailed picture of the diversity of var genes in the field. This is a powerful tool to overcome the obstacles with cloning and assembly of multi-gene families by simultaneously cloning each member

Antibody-mediated procoagulant platelets in SARS-CoV-2-vaccination associated immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. To prevent severe infection, mass COVID-19 vaccination campaigns with several vaccine types are currently underway. We report pathological and immunological findings in 8 patients who developed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) after administration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. We analyzed patient material using enzyme immune assays, flow cytometry and heparin-induced platelet aggregation assay and performed autopsies on two fatal cases. Eight patients (5 female, 3 male) with a median age of 41.5 years (range, 24 to 53) were referred to us with suspected thrombotic complications 6 to 20 days after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. All patients had thrombocytopenia at admission. Patients had a median platelet count of 46.5 x109/L (range, 8 to 92). Three had a fatal outcome and 5 were successfully treated. Autopsies showed arterial and venous thromboses in various organs and the occlusion of glomerular capillaries by hyaline thrombi. Sera from VITT patients contain high titer antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4) (OD 2.59±0.64). PF4 antibodies in VITT patients induced significant increase in procoagulant markers (P-selectin and phosphatidylserine externalization) compared to healthy volunteers and healthy vaccinated volunteers. The generation of procoagulant platelets was PF4 and heparin dependent. We demonstrate the contribution of antibody-mediated platelet activation in the pathogenesis of VITT