Electron paramagnetic resonance characterization of tetrahydrobiopterin radical formation in bacterial nitric oxide synthase compared to mammalian nitric oxide synthase.

International audienceH(4)B is an essential catalytic cofactor of the mNOSs. It acts as an electron donor and activates the ferrous heme-oxygen complex intermediate during Arg oxidation (first step) and NOHA oxidation (second step) leading to nitric oxide and citrulline as final products. However, its role as a proton donor is still debated. Furthermore, its exact involvement has never been explored for other NOSs such as NOS-like proteins from bacteria. This article proposes a comparative study of the role of H(4)B between iNOS and bsNOS. In this work, we have used freeze-quench to stop the arginine and NOHA oxidation reactions and trap reaction intermediates. We have characterized these intermediates using multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance. For the first time, to our knowledge, we report a radical formation for a nonmammalian NOS. The results indicate that bsNOS, like iNOS, has the capacity to generate a pterin radical during Arg oxidation. Our current electron paramagnetic resonance data suggest that this radical is protonated indicating that H(4)B may not transfer any proton. In the 2nd step, the radical trapped for iNOS is also suggested to be protonated as in the 1st step, whereas it was not possible to trap a radical for the bsNOS 2nd step. Our data highlight potential differences for the catalytic mechanism of NOHA oxidation between mammalian and bacterial NOSs

EPR characterisation of the ferrous nitrosyl complex formed within the oxygenase domain of NO synthase.

International audienceNitric oxide is produced in mammals by a class of enzymes called NO synthases (NOSs). It plays a central role in cellular signalling but also has deleterious effects, as it leads to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. NO forms a relatively stable adduct with ferrous haem proteins, which, in the case of NOS, is also a key catalytic intermediate. Despite extensive studies on the ferrous nitrosyl complex of other haem proteins (in particular myoglobin), little characterisation has been performed in the case of NOS. We report here a temperature-dependent EPR study of the ferrous nitrosyl complex of the inducible mammalian NOS and the bacterial NOS-like protein from Bacillus subtilis. The results show that the overall behaviours are similar to those observed for other haem proteins, but with distinct ratios between axial and rhombic forms in the case of the two NOS proteins. The distal environment appears to control the existence of the axial form and the evolution of the rhombic form

New insight into the structural, electrochemical and biological aspects of macrocylic Cu(II) complexes derived from S-substituted dithiocarbazate Schiff bases

Copper (II) complexes synthesized from the products of condensation of S-methyl- and S-benzyldithiocarbazate with 2,5-hexanedione (SMHDH2 and SBHDH2 respectively) have been characterized using various physicochemical (elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility) and spectroscopic (infrared, electronic) methods. The structures of SMHDH2, its copper (II) complex, CuSMHD, and the related CuSBHD complex as well as a pyrrole byproduct, SBPY, have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In order to provide more insight into the behaviour of the complexes in solution, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electrochemical experiments were performed. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The compounds, dissolved in 0.5% and 5% DMSO, showed a wide range of antibacterial activity against 10 strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Investigations of the effects of efflux pumps and membrane penetration on antibacterial activity are reported herein. Antiproliferation activity was observed to be enhanced by complexation with copper. Preliminary screening showed Cu complexes are strongly active against human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7

APPLICATION DE LA RESONANCE PARAMAGNETIQUE ELECTRONIQUE A CHAMP INTENSE A L'ETUDE DE RADICAUX ORGANIQUES DANS LES METALLOPROTEINES

The importance of organic radicals in enzyme catalytic cycles have been increasingly realized over the past few years. High-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a tool of choice in the study of organic radicals because the small g anisotropy for such paramagnetic species can be accurately measured. A 285 GHz / 10.5 T spectrometer has been built in the Bioenergetic Section of the CEA center in Saclay. The work presented in this thesis dealt with the application of high-field EPR to the study of organic radicals encountered in photosystem II, the enzyme responsible for oxygen evolution, as well as in compound I of two peroxidases, cytochrome c peroxidase and prostaglandin synthase.The first chapter presents the technique of high-field EPR in general and introduces the instrumentation. General aspects of photosystem II useful in the subsequent parts are also presented.The second chapter shows how anisotropic properties of the g tensor have been used to obtain structural information about the orientation of organic radicals in photosystem II.Enzymes studied in this thesis are metalloproteins. Cases of magnetic couplings between metallic centers and organic radicals are often encountered for such systems. Chapters 3 to 5 deal with the study of such coupled systems in photosystem II, cytochrome c peroxidase and prostaglandin synthase.The last chapter present situations for which the study of the g-values gives information on the electrostatic environment of the radical studied. This property, already known for tyrosyl and semiquinone radicals, is extended to pheophytin anion radicals.Les observations de radicaux organiques dans les enzymes et de leur implication dans les cycles catalytiques n'ont cessé de croître ces dernières années. La spectroscopie de résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) à champ intense est un outil de choix pour l'étude de radicaux organiques car elle permet de résoudre la faible anisotropie du tenseur g pour ces espèces paramagnétiques. Un spectromètre fonctionnant à 285 GHz / 10.5 teslas a été construit dans la Section de Bioénergétique du centre d'études du CEA de Saclay. Le travail présentée dans ce mémoire de thèse a porté sur l'application de la RPE à champ intense à l'étude de radicaux organiques présents dans le photosystème II, qui est l'enzyme de dégagement d'oxygène, ainsi que dans les composés I de deux peroxydases, la cytochrome c peroxydase et la prostaglandine synthase.Le premier chapitre présente la technique de RPE à champ intense de façon générale et introduit l'instrumentation. Les aspects généraux du photosystème II utiles dans la suite du mémoire sont également présentés.Le second chapitre montre comment les propriétés anisotropes du tenseur g ont été utilisées pour obtenir des informations structurales quant à l'orientation de radicaux organiques dans le photosystème II.Les enzymes étudiées dans ce travail de thèse sont des métalloprotéines. Les situations de couplages magnétiques entre les centres métalliques et les radicaux organiques présents sont souvent rencontrées dans ces cas-là. Les chapitres 3 à 5 portent sur l'étude de tels systèmes couplés.Le dernier chapitre présente des situations pour lesquelles l'étude des valeurs de g permet d'obtenir des informations sur l'environnement électrostatique du radical étudié. Cette propriété déjà connue pour les radicaux tyrosyles et semiquinones est étendue aux radicaux anions de phéophytines

Coordination of redox active metal ions to the amyloid precursor protein and to amyloid-β peptides involved in Alzheimer disease. Part 2: Dependence of Cu(II) binding sites with Aβ sequences

International audienc

Introduction à la RPE impulsionnelle : les expériences ESEEM, HYSCORE et PELDOR

International audienc

Introduction à la RPE impulsionnelle : les expériences ESEEM, HYSCORE et PELDOR

International audienc

IRON-CATALYZED C-C COUPLING WITHOUT CO-SUPPORTING LIGAND : ABOUT THE STRUCTURAL NATURE OF THE Fe(I) CATALYST

International audienc

Electron transfer in bacterial NO-synthases: Role of tetrahydrobiopterin

International audienc

In vitro coordination of Fe-protoheme with amyloid β is non-specific and exhibits multiple equilibria

International audienc