Cd(II) and Pb(II) complexes of the polyether ionophorous antibiotic salinomycin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The natural polyether ionophorous antibiotics are used for the treatment of coccidiosis in poultry and ruminants. They are effective agents against infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms. On the other hand, it was found that some of these compounds selectively bind lead(II) ions in <it>in vivo </it>experiments, despite so far no Pb(II)-containing compounds of defined composition have been isolated and characterized. To assess the potential of polyether ionophores as possible antidotes in the agriculture, a detailed study on their <it>in vitro </it>complexation with toxic metal ions is required. In the present paper we report for the first time the preparation and the structure elucidation of salinomycin complexes with ions of cadmium(II) and lead(II).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>New metal(II) complexes of the polyether ionophorous antibiotic salinomycin with Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions were prepared and structurally characterized by IR, FAB-MS and NMR techniques. The spectroscopic information and elemental analysis data reveal that sodium salinomycin (SalNa) undergoes a reaction with heavy metal(II) ions to form [Cd(Sal)₂(H₂O)₂] (<b>1</b>) and [Pb(Sal)(NO₃)] (<b>2</b>), respectively. Abstraction of sodium ions from the cavity of the antibiotic is occurring during the complexation reaction. Salinomycin coordinates with cadmium(II) ions as a bidentate monoanionic ligand through the deprotonated carboxylic moiety and one of the hydroxyl groups to yield <b>1</b>. Two salinomycin anions occupy the equatorial plane of the Cd(II) center, while two water molecules take the axial positions of the inner coordination sphere of the metal(II) cation. Complex <b>2 </b>consists of monoanionic salinomycin acting in polydentate coordination mode in a molar ratio of 1: 1 to the metal ion with one nitrate ion for charge compensation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The formation of the salinomycin heavy metal(II) complexes indicates a possible antidote activity of the ligand in case of chronic/acute intoxications likely to occur in the stock farming.</p

Comparative effects of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, monensin and salinomycin on the concentrations of cadmium and some essential elements in skeletal muscles of Cd-exposed mice

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant shown to induce multi organ dysfunction. In this study we present novel data about the effects of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), monensin and salinomycin on the concentration of Cd in skeletal muscles of mice exposed to Cd (II) acetate treatment for 14 days. The impact of Cd and the chelating agents on the endogenous concentrations of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) was also investigated. Subacute exposure of mice to Cd (II) acetate resulted in a significant accumulation of the toxic metal ion in the skeletal muscles compared to the untreated controls. Salinomycin most effectively mobilized Cd from the muscles compared to DMSA and monensin. The Cd exposure and the tested chelating agents did not significantly alter the endogenous concentrations of the selected essential elements in mouse muscles. The presented results confirmed that among the tested chelating agents salinomycin is superior as a potential antidote to Cd poisoning. © 2018 Elsevier Gmb

Comparative effects of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, monensin and salinomycin on the concentrations of cadmium and some essential elements in skeletal muscles of Cd-exposed mice

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant shown to induce multi organ dysfunction. In this study we present novel data about the effects of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), monensin and salinomycin on the concentration of Cd in skeletal muscles of mice exposed to Cd (II) acetate treatment for 14 days. The impact of Cd and the chelating agents on the endogenous concentrations of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) was also investigated. Subacute exposure of mice to Cd (II) acetate resulted in a significant accumulation of the toxic metal ion in the skeletal muscles compared to the untreated controls. Salinomycin most effectively mobilized Cd from the muscles compared to DMSA and monensin. The Cd exposure and the tested chelating agents did not significantly alter the endogenous concentrations of the selected essential elements in mouse muscles. The presented results confirmed that among the tested chelating agents salinomycin is superior as a potential antidote to Cd poisoning. © 2018 Elsevier Gmb