A great contributor to the French urological science: Michel Daudon

AbstractThe 40years of Michel Daudon’s working life in the field of urolithiasis are difficult to sum up in a few lines. His knowledge, expertise and publications in the fields of biology, chemistry, nephrology, and eventually urology have contributed to make him a national and international recognized researcher in the understanding of the complex mechanisms of urolithogenesis. His great collaboration with the community of nephrologists, kidney physiologists, biologists, and urologists, seniors or in training, has widely contributed to improve modern and complete treatments of urolithiasis, which is at the origin of complicated urinary stones causing severe consequences on renal function and true public health problems. His hard working, his willingness, and the clarity of his presentations contributed to make him a national and international recognized lecturer in France and North Africa, where he created a network connecting laboratories with clinicians. Always looking forward in his scientific field, he has established links with approved research teams, making them interested in working on urolithiasis, even though research on urolithiasis disease seems to be less important than research on cancer

Comment intégrer la maîtrise de la flore adventice dans le cadre général d'un système de production intégrée ?

Colloque du 2 décembre 2008 à DijonIntegrated production consists in substituting the use of chemical inputs by others technical interventions, using a set of agronomic reasoning and rules. In this paper, several studies of integrated production are first reported. The experiments were carried out for annual crops, in long term experiments, or were conducted by farmers. This review points out the lack of deep modifications in weeding practices in those trials, compared with the changes in nitrogen fertilisation or crop protection against diseases for example. This first conclusion is related to the characteristics of the weed flora. The relationships between the different technical practices, involved in cropping systems, and the evolution of the weed populations are presented. We therefore discuss how far the weed management must and can be adapted in new cropping systems following today the principles of integrated production. Finally, prospects for researches useful for integrating weed management in designing new cropping systems are discussed.La production intégrée peut être définie comme un ensemble de principes et de raisonnements agronomiques visant à remplacer autant que possible l'utilisation des intrants de synthèse par d'autres interventions. Nous présentons tout d'abord plusieurs expériences de production intégrée ayant été conduites dans des essais annuels pour des itinéraires techniques, dans des essais de longue durée pour des systèmes de culture complets, ou chez des agriculteurs. Il ressort de cet inventaire que la question de la gestion des adventices donne le plus souvent lieu à des modifications limitées même dans le cas de productions mettant en oeuvre des systèmes de culture profondément transformées. Ce constat est mis en regard des spécificités de la flore adventice dans le champ cultivé, et nous rappelons les conséquences des différentes techniques culturales mises en oeuvre dans les systèmes de culture sur l'évolution de la flore adventice. Ce rappel permet de discuter les conséquences prévisibles des différentes évolutions actuelles des systèmes de culture, comme la simplification du travail du sol ou l'allongement des successions. En conclusion, les recherches à mener pour permettre une meilleure prise en compte de l’évolution de la flore adventice dans la conception de systèmes de cultures sont discutées

Maragato, marchand de chataignes [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2010-201

Mendiants a Iscala, près de Salamanque [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2010-201

IL-6 gene amplification and expression in human glioblastomas

The aggressiveness of human gliomas appears to be correlated with the upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene. Using quantitative PCR methods, we detected amplification and expression of the IL-6 gene in 5 of 5 primary glioblastoma samples and in 4 of 5 glioblastoma cell lines. This finding suggests that the amplification of IL-6 gene may be a common feature in glioblastomas and may contribute to the IL-6 over-expression. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

Miranda de Ebro [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2010-201

Agroecosystem management and biotic interactions: a review

Increasing the use of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides in agroecosystems has led to higher crop yields, accompanied by a decline in biodiversity at the levels of field, cropping system and farm. Biodiversity decline has been favoured by changes at landscape level such as regional farm specialisation, increases in field size, and the removal of hedgerows and woodlots. The loss of biodiversity in agroecosystems has increased the need for external inputs because beneficial functions are no longer provided by beneficial species as natural enemies of crop pests and ecosystem engineers. This trend has led to a strong reliance on petrochemicals in agroecosystems. However, many scientists have been arguing for more than two decades that this reliance on petrochemicals could be considerably reduced by a better use of biotic interactions. This article reviewsoptions to increase beneficial biotic interactions in agroecosystems and to improve pest management and crop nutrition whilst decreasing petrochemical use. Four agronomic options are presented. First, it has been shown that the choice of cultivar, the sowing date and nitrogen fertilisation practices can be manipulated to prevent interactions between pests and crop, in either time or space. Nevertheless, the efficacy of these manipulations may be limited by pest adaptation. Second, beneficial biotic interactions may result from appropriate changes to the habitats of natural enemies and ecosystem engineers, mediated by soil and weed management. Here, knowledge is scarce, and indirect and complex effects are poorly understood. Third, changes achieved by crop diversification and, fourth, by landscape adaptation are promising. However, these practices also present drawbacks that may not necessarily be outweighed by beneficial effects. Overall, these four management approaches provide a powerful framework to develop sustainable agronomic practices