チタン マンガンケイ レドックスフロー デンチ ノ ブザイ カイハツ

Redox flow batteries are suitable for large-capacity energy storage in principle and for applications in combination with renewable energy. However, thorough cost reduction is a challenge for their full-scale introduction. Therefore, we have developed a titanium (Ti) -manganese (Mn) electrolyte as an inexpensive electrolyte. In the electrolyte development, we found that the presence of Ti ions (IV) in the Mn electrolyte suppressed the disproportionation reaction of Mn ions (III) and the particle growth of MnO₂ precipitation. In the electrode development, we found carbon electrode materials with excellent oxidation durability and reactivity. We optimized the surface treatment conditions of the carbon electrode to obtain a high energy-efficiency of 83.2% in Ti-Mn electrolyte. Then, we confirmed that 10 kW-class cells using the developed material could provide long-term stable charge-discharge for more than 140 cycles at an energy density of more than 14 kWh/m³.論

Monitoring of particle motions in gas-solid fluidized beds by electrostatic sensors

Gas-solid fluidized beds are widely applied in numerous industrial processes. Particle motions significantly affect the performance of fluidized bed reactors and the characterization of particle movements is therefore important for fluidization quality monitoring and scale-up of reactors. Electrostatic charge signals in the fluidized bed contain much dynamic information on particle motions, which are poorly understood and explored. In this work, correlation velocities of Geldart B and D particles were measured, analyzed and compared by induced electrostatic sensors combined with cross-correlation method in the fluidized bed. The results indicated that the average correlation velocity of particle clouds increased and the normalized probability density distributions of correlation velocities broadened when the superficial gas velocity increased in the dense-phase region. Both upward and downward correlation velocities could be acquired in the dynamic bed level region. Under the same excess gas velocity, the average correlation velocity of Geldart D particles was significantly smaller than that of Geldart B particles, which was caused by the smaller bubble sizes caused by the dominant bubble split over coalescence and less volume of gas forming bubbles for Geldart D particles. The experimental results verified the reliability and repeatability of particle correlation velocity measurement by induced electrostatic sensors in the gas-solid fluidized bed, which provides definite potential in monitoring of particle motions

POSS@TiCl4 nanoparticles:A minimalism styled Ziegler-Natta catalytic system

Heterogeneous catalysis plays a crucial role in industrial olefin polymerization. Mechanistic understanding and optimization of Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalyst are limited by the considerable complexity resulting from the multiple ingredients and complicated structures. Re-designing ZN catalytic systems with reduced complexity and adequate performance is of great interest. Here, we show that self-assembled polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)@TiCl4 nanoparticles can effectively immobilize TiCl4 molecules in n-heptane solution, achieving the exceptional utilization of active centres. This uncomplicated system exhibits heterogeneous-like catalytic performance in ethylene polymerization, featured by high activities, fouling-free polymerization and a series of desirable properties of the nascent polymers such as reduced entanglement and spherical morphology. In addition, these catalytic nanoparticles show robust resistance to H2, and enhanced incorporation of comonomer towards ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization. By using DFT calculations the possible structures of the Ti active centres are proposed, of which a flexible double-Ti structure coordinated to Si-O-Si shows the most reduced energy barrier for ethylene insertion