A114: Promoting Exercise Behavior for College Students by Compensating Intervention of Beliefs

Purpose: Compensatory Health Beliefs (CHBs) are essential to resolving the motivational conflicts between the desired and healthy goal in college students. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework is used to design a multidimensional training model, which compensates belief as a mediator, to research the influence of belief intervention compensation on promoting right exercise cognitive and behavior in college students. The purpose of this study was to discover whether this training model is able to inspire college students to attend exercise more effectively. Methods: A cohort of 218 college students from Guangzhou were involved in the research (20.04±1.5). The objects were divided into two groups. A total of 110 objects in the control group were mentored by professional physical exercise instructor, while for the rest 108 objects in the interventional group who received 45-minute lessons about compensatory beliefs 5 days per week for 12 weeks on top of professional physical exercise instructor. All objects were asked to write a tracker daily for self-monitor daily exercise behavior and mental condition. All objects were asked by the researcher to fill out the Exercise Motivational Conflict Questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire one week before and after the intervention. The correlations of compensated beliefs and other two variables were analyzed with descriptive data analysis, independent sample T-test, and multiple regression. Results: The subjects in the intervention group had higher levels of the exercise behavior than those in the control group. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the exercise motivational conflict has significantly positive correlations to exercise behavior (β = 0.47, SE = 0. 41, P \u3c 0. 01). By adding compensated belief in the intervention group, exercise motivational conflict still has significantly positive correlations to exercise behavior（β = 0.47, SE = 0.41, P \u3c 0.01）. The compensated belief has a significant effect among exercise motivational conflict and exercise behavior (β=0.26，SE=0.16，95% CI= (0.03 ~ 0.11) indirectly. Therefore, the mediating effect of compensated belief plays a significant role in promoting the effect between exercise motivational conflict and exercise behavior. Conclusion: The study indicated that the training model can positively predict college students’ exercise motivational conflict and exercise behavior and encourage college students to do exercise effectively. Meanwhile, compensated belief is an effective mediator which can reduce the problem of lack of exercise among college students

Centrality Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-based Action Recognition

The topological structure of skeleton data plays a significant role in human action recognition. Combining the topological structure with graph convolutional networks has achieved remarkable performance. In existing methods, modeling the topological structure of skeleton data only considered the connections between the joints and bones, and directly use physical information. However, there exists an unknown problem to investigate the key joints, bones and body parts in every human action. In this paper, we propose the centrality graph convolutional networks to uncover the overlooked topological information, and best take advantage of the information to distinguish key joints, bones, and body parts. A novel centrality graph convolutional network firstly highlights the effects of the key joints and bones to bring a definite improvement. Besides, the topological information of the skeleton sequence is explored and combined to further enhance the performance in a four-channel framework. Moreover, the reconstructed graph is implemented by the adaptive methods on the training process, which further yields improvements. Our model is validated by two large-scale datasets, NTU-RGB+D and Kinetics, and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods

NAD+ biosynthesis metabolism predicts prognosis and indicates immune microenvironment for breast cancer

The growing evidence implies that tumor cells need to increase NAD+ levels by upregulating NAD+ biosynthesis to satisfy their growth demand. NAD+ biosynthesis metabolism is implicated in tumor progression. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant malignancy in the world. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance of NAD+ biosynthesis and its relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer still need further investigation. In this study, we obtained the mRNA expression data and clinical information of BC samples from public databases and calculated the level of NAD+ biosynthesis activity by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). We then explored the relationship between the NAD+ biosynthesis score, infiltrating immune cells, prognosis significance, immunogenicity and immune checkpoint molecules. The results demonstrated that patients with high NAD+ biosynthetic score displayed poor prognosis, high immune infiltration, high immunogenicity, elevated PD-L1 expression, and might more benefit from immunotherapy. Taken together, our studies not only deepened the understanding of NAD+ biosynthesis metabolism of breast cancer but also provided new insights into personalized treatment strategies and immunological therapies to improve the outcomes of breast cancer patients

CD5 levels reveal distinct basal T-cell receptor signals in T cells from non-obese diabetic mice

Type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice occurs when autoreactive T cells eliminate insulin producing pancreatic β cells. While extensively studied in T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, the contribution of alterations in thymic selection to the polyclonal T-cell pool in NOD mice is not yet resolved. The magnitude of signals downstream of TCR engagement with self-peptide directs the development of a functional T-cell pool, in part by ensuring tolerance to self. TCR interactions with self-peptide are also necessary for T-cell homeostasis in the peripheral lymphoid organs. To identify differences in TCR signal strength that accompany thymic selection and peripheral T-cell maintenance, we compared CD5 levels, a marker of basal TCR signal strength, on immature and mature T cells from autoimmune diabetes-prone NOD and -resistant B6 mice. The data suggest that there is no preferential selection of NOD thymocytes that perceive stronger TCR signals from self-peptide engagement. Instead, NOD mice have an MHC-dependent increase in CD4+ thymocytes and mature T cells that express lower levels of CD5. In contrast, T cell-intrinsic mechanisms lead to higher levels of CD5 on peripheral CD8+ T cells from NOD relative to B6 mice, suggesting that peripheral CD8+ T cells with higher basal TCR signals may have survival advantages in NOD mice. These differences in the T-cell pool in NOD mice may contribute to the development or progression of autoimmune diabetes

Associations among health-promoting lifestyle, self-care agency and health-related quality of life in Bai older adults with hypertension in Yunnan China

Background Previous Chinese studies focused on the prevalence and influential factors of hypertension; however, little is known about their self-care literacy and quality of life among the Bai older adults with hypertension. The purpose of this research was to explore the associations among health-promoting lifestyle, self-care agency, and health-related quality of life in Bai ethnic older patients with hypertension, as well as the related factors of hypertension self-care abilities. Methods A total of 472 Bai ethnic hypertension older adults aged 60 and above were enrolled in this study voluntarily from 5 rural communities of the Bai ethnic group. The Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCAS) was employed to assess the Self-care ability of hypertension for the subjects, the Health-promoting lifestyle profile II(HPLP-II) was utilized to evaluate the health behavior, and MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was chosen to assess the HRQOL for the studying population. All descriptive analyses, including demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, and clinical characteristics were stratified by Bai hypertensive elderly. Pearson correlation analysis model was used to examine the associations among health-promoting lifestyle, self-care agency, and health-related quality of life in Bai ethnic elderly with hypertension. Results The HPLP-II, ESCA, and of HRQOL levels of the subjects were low, and the mean HPLP and ESCA scores had no significant statistical variance among different age groups. Significant statistical differences were found in Bai elderly subjects in the domain of PF and PH as well as the overall score in SF-36(all P< 0.01), 60–64 year group had the highest score of the above three domains in SF-36 than other age groups. The SF-36 scores were positively associated with HPLP and ESCA levels. Conclusion The HPLP-II, ESCA, and of HRQOL levels of the Bai subjects were poor in the Bai ethnic hypertensive elderly. The HRQOL scores of subjects were positively connected with HPLP-II and ESCA abilities. More attention should be paid to lifestyle, healthy behaviors, and self-care abilities improvements to enhance the better HRQOL of Bai minority older adults with hypertension

Association between gout and atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Background: Gout is a systemic inflammatory arthritis characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals due to hyperuricemia. Previous studies have explored the link between gout and atrial fibrillation (AF). Given the increasing prevalence and incidence of gout, there is a need to quantify the relationship between gout and the risk of AF. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched for studies that reported the association between gout and AF using the following search term: (‘Gout’ and ‘Arrhythmia’). The search period was from the start of the database to 3rd August 2018 with no language restrictions. Results: A total of 75 and 22 articles were retrieved from PubMed and Embase, respectively. Of these, four observational studies (three cohort studies, one case-control study) including 659,094 patients were included. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that gout was significantly associated with increased risk of AF (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.70; P = 0.05; I2 = 99%) after adjusting for significant comorbidities and confounders. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis confirms the significant relationship between gout and AF. More data are needed to determine whether this risk can be adequately reduced by urate-lowering therapy

Transient Receptor Potential V Channels Are Essential for Glucose Sensing by Aldolase and AMPK

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) aldolase links sensing of declining glucose availability to AMPK activation via the lysosomal pathway. However, how aldolase transmits lack of occupancy by FBP to AMPK activation remains unclear. Here, we show that FBP-unoccupied aldolase interacts with and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized transient receptor potential channel subfamily V, inhibiting calcium release in low glucose. The decrease of calcium at contact sites between ER and lysosome renders the inhibited TRPV accessible to bind the lysosomal v-ATPase that then recruits AXIN:LKB1 to activate AMPK independently of AMP. Genetic depletion of TRPVs blocks glucose starvation-induced AMPK activation in cells and liver of mice, and in nematodes, indicative of physical requirement of TRPVs. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPVs activates AMPK and elevates NAD(+) levels in aged muscles, rejuvenating the animals' running capacity. Our study elucidates that TRPVs relay the FBP-free status of aldolase to the reconfiguration of v-ATPase, leading to AMPK activation in low glucose

CD5 levels define functionally heterogeneous populations of naïve human CD4+ T cells

Studies in murine models show that subthreshold TCR interactions with self-peptide are required for thymic development and peripheral survival of naïve T cells. Recently, differences in the strength of tonic TCR interactions with self-peptide, as read-out by cell surface levels of CD5, were associated with distinct effector potentials among sorted populations of T cells in mice. However, whether CD5 can also be used to parse functional heterogeneity among human T cells is less clear. Our study demonstrates that CD5 levels correlate with TCR signal strength in human naïve CD4+ T cells. Further, we describe a relationship between CD5 levels on naïve human CD4+ T cells and binding affinity to foreign peptide, in addition to a predominance of CD5hi T cells in the memory compartment. Differences in gene expression and biases in cytokine production potential between CD5lo and CD5hi naïve human CD4+ T cells are consistent with observations in mice. Together, these data validate the use of CD5 surface levels as a marker of heterogeneity among human naïve CD4+ T cells with important implications for the identification of functionally biased T- cell populations that can be exploited to improve the efficacy of adoptive cell therapies

LAMOST Observations in the Kepler Field. II. Database of the Low-resolution Spectra from the Five-year Regular Survey

The LAMOST-Kepler (LK-) project was initiated to use the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) to make spectroscopic follow-up observations for the targets in the field of the Kepler mission. The Kepler field is divided into 14 subfields that are adapted to the LAMOST circular field with a diameter of 5°. During the regular survey phase of LAMOST, the LK-project took data from 2012 June to 2017 June and covered all 14 subfields at least twice. In particular, we describe in this paper the second Data Release of the LK-project, including all spectra acquired through 2015 May-2017 June together with the first round observations of the LK-project from 2012 June to 2014 September. The LK-project now counts 227,870 spectra of 156,390 stars, among which we have derived atmospheric parameters ({log}g, T eff, and [Fe/H]) and heliocentric radial velocity for 173,971 spectra of 126,172 stars. These parameters were obtained with the most recent version of the LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline v 2.9.7. Nearly one half, namely 76,283 targets, are observed both by the LAMOST and Kepler telescopes. These spectra, establishing a large spectroscopy library, will be useful for the entire astronomical community, particularly for planetary science and stellar variability on Kepler targets. Based on observations collected with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), which is located at the Xinglong Observatory, China

Modulation of T cell receptor signals during thymic selection

Les cellules T ɑβ conventionnelles expriment des récepteurs antigéniques qui peuvent reconnaître et répondre à une grande variété d’agents pathogènes. En parallèle, des mécanismes cruciaux sont en place pour empêcher les cellules T de réagir aux auto-antigènes afin de prévenir le développement d’auto-immunité. Dans le but d’assurer la génération d’un réservoir de cellules T fonctionnelles, diverses et tolérantes au soi, les récepteurs des cellules T (TCR) ɑβ appropriés sont sélectionnés dans le thymus en fonction de la quantité et de la qualité des interactions avec les peptides du soi présentés par le complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité (CMH) sur les cellules présentatrice d’antigènes (CPA). Chez les nouveau-nés, des mécanismes intrinsèques et extrinsèques aux cellules influencent les interactions entre le TCR et le complexe CMH-peptide du soi, résultant en un répertoire de cellules T qui possèdent des propriétés distinctes par rapport à leurs homologues adultes. Par ailleurs, les souris diabétiques non-obèses (NOD), qui ont des cellules T auto-réactives qui attaquent les cellules β du pancréas, responsables de la production d’insuline, sont porteuses de polymorphismes génétiques qui peuvent influencer la sélection thymique. Ainsi, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que des facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques aux cellules modulent la sélection thymique tout au long de la vie et peuvent ultimement contribuer à la fonction et au dysfonctionnement de cellules T effectrices. La force globale de la signalisation TCR perçue lors du développement des lymphocytes T peut être mesurée en évaluant le niveau d’expression de différentes molécules, telles que CD5. Nous avons découvert que, tant chez la souris que l’humain, le répertoire des cellules T néonatales est composé de cellules T exprimant des niveaux plus élevés de CD5 que ceux des adultes. Cette augmentation des niveaux d’expression de CD5 n’est pas due à des défauts de tolérance centrale. En fait, nous avons plutôt démontré que les thymocytes exprimant un TCR de faible affinité pour les antigènes du soi ne sont pas sélectionnés efficacement chez les nouveau-nés et donc ne font pas partie du répertoire des cellules T néonatales, alors que ces thymocytes se développent adéquatement chez les adultes. Cette modification dans les seuils de sélection thymique biaise le niveau basal d’auto-réactivité du répertoire de cellules T néonatales et pourrait expliquer en partie les différences de réponse aux infections observées entre les nouveau-nés et les adultes. En comparant les niveaux de CD5 sur les thymocytes et les cellules T périphériques de souris NOD, prédisposées au diabète, avec ceux de souris C57BL/6 (B6), résistantes au développement du diabète auto-immun, nous avons découvert que les populations de cellules T des souris NOD ne perçoivent pas nécessairement des signaux TCR plus forts lorsqu’ils interagissent avec des antigènes du soi. Au contraire, une plus grande proportion de cellules T CD4+ et régulatrices avec un plus faible niveau de CD5 se différencient chez les souris NOD. Ce phénotype est fortement dépendant du locus du CMH des souris NOD. En revanche, les niveaux de CD5 sur les cellules T CD8+ périphériques des souris NOD sont plus élevés que ceux des souris B6, en raison d’un biais de survie intrinsèque aux cellules. Ces différences en niveau d’expression de CD5 sur le répertoire de cellules T des souris NOD ont des conséquences fonctionnelles directes et pourraient contribuer au développement ou à la progression du diabète auto-immun. Enfin, nous avons évalué si la sélection thymique était modulée par une molécule de co-signalisation, le co-stimulateur inductible de cellules T (ICOS). ICOS appartient à la famille des molécules de co-signalisation de type CD28 et se lie au ligand de ICOS (ICOSL). Alors que d’autres molécules de co-signalisation ont été démontré comme étant impliquées dans la tolérance centrale, le rôle joué par ICOS n’est pas clair. Nous avons démontré que ICOSL est exprimé par une variété de CPA thymiques importantes dans l’induction de la tolérance centrale et que ICOS est exprimé à la hausse durant la sélection thymique, en fonction de la force du signal TCR perçue par les thymocytes. Nous fournissons également, pour la première fois, une preuve que la voie ICOS-ICOSL pourrait avoir un rôle dans la régulation fine de la sélection négative. En conclusion, les résultats présentés dans cette thèse démontrent que la sélection thymique être altérés dans le contexte de l’ontogénie et du diabète auto-immun, conduisant au développement de cellules T avec une auto-réactivité basale relativement plus élevée ou plus faible en comparaison aux animaux adultes en bonne santé. Ces modulations pourraient avoir des conséquences importantes sur la fonction immunitaire et doivent être considérées pour le développement de futurs vaccins ou approches thérapeutiques chez ces populations.Conventional ɑβ T cells express antigen receptors that can recognize and respond to a wide range of foreign pathogens. In parallel, critical mechanisms are in place to prevent T cells from reacting to self-antigens causing autoimmunity. To ensure the generation of a functional, diverse yet self-tolerant T cell pool, appropriate ɑβ T cell receptors (TCR) are selected in the thymus based on the quality and quantity of their interactions with self-peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on thymic antigen presenting cells (APC). In neonates, cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms influence TCR and self-peptide-MHC interactions resulting in a T cell pool that exhibits distinct functions as compared to their adult counterparts. Similarly, non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, which contain autoreactive T cells that attack insulin-producing pancreatic β cells, carry genetic polymorphisms that can influence thymic selection. Therefore, we hypothesized that cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors modulate thymic selection throughout life and may ultimately contribute to the function and dysfunction of effector T cells. The overall perceived strength of TCR signaling during T cell development can be measured by several molecules, including CD5. We found that, in both mice and humans, the neonatal T cell pool is composed of T cells with higher CD5 levels than their adult counterparts. The increased CD5 levels are not due to defects in central tolerance. Instead, we demonstrated that thymic selection is altered in neonates. Thymocytes expressing a TCR with low affinity to self-antigen that develop in adults are not efficiently selected into the neonatal T cell pool. This shift in thymic selection thresholds skews the basal self-reactivity of the neonatal T cell repertoire and may explain, in part, differences in the neonatal versus adult response to infections. By comparing CD5 levels on thymocytes and peripheral T cells from diabetes-prone NOD mice with those from autoimmune-resistant C57BL/6 (B6) mice, we found that T cell populations in NOD mice do not necessarily perceive stronger TCR signals when interacting with self-antigens. Rather, NOD mice allow the differentiation of more CD4+ T cells and thymic Tregs with lower CD5 levels. This phenotype is strongly dependent on the NOD MHC locus. In contrast, CD5 levels on peripheral NOD CD8+ T cells are higher than those in the B6 mice that is likely due to a cell-intrinsic survival bias. These differences in CD5 levels in the NOD T cell pool have direct functional consequences and may contribute to the development or progression of autoimmune diabetes. Lastly, we investigated whether thymic selection is modulated by the co-signaling molecule, inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS). ICOS belongs to the CD28 family of co-signaling molecules and binds to the ICOS ligand (ICOSL). While other co-signaling molecules have been implicated in central tolerance, the role played by ICOS is unclear. We demonstrated that ICOSL is expressed by an array of thymic APCs important for central tolerance induction, and that ICOS is upregulated during thymic selection relative to the strength of TCR signaling the thymocytes perceive. We also provide, for the first time, evidence that the ICOS-ICOSL pathway may fine-tune negative selection. In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis demonstrate that thymic selection appears to be altered within the context of ontogeny and autoimmune diabetes, leading to the development of T cells with relatively higher or lower basal self-reactivity as compared to healthy adult animals. These modulations may have significant consequences on immune function and require careful consideration for future vaccination and therapeutic approaches within these populations