Chemical discovery as belief revision

In this paper we describe STAHLp, a system that constructs componential models of chemical substances. STAHLp is a descendent of Zytkow and Simon's (1986) STAHL system, and both use chemical reactions and known componential models in order to construct new chemical models. However, STAHLp employs a more unified and effective strategy for recovering from erroneous inferences, based partly on de Kleer's (1984) assumption-based method of belief revision. This involves recording the underlying source beliefs or premises which lead to each inferred reaction or model. Where Zytkow and Simon's system required multiple methods for detecting errors and recovering from them, STAHLp uses a more powerful representation and additional rules which allow a unified method for error detection and recovery. When given the same initial data, the new system constructs the same historically correct models as STAHL, but it has other capabilities as well. In particular, STAHLp can modify data it has been given if this is necessary to achieve consistent models, and then proceed to construct new models based on the revised data

Developing Cost Effective Methods for Estimating Household Income and Nutrient Intake Adequacy

Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 6,

A Simplified Method for Assessing Dietary Adequacy in Mozambique

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambiquefood security, food policy, Mozambique, food consumption, Food Security and Poverty, Q18,

The Relationship between Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use among Teenagers.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among teenagers. This study examined three research questions: (1) Is there a relationship between demographic characteristics (i.e., sex and race), the attitudinal variable (attachment to family), and the admitted use of marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco among teenagers? (2) Is there a relationship between the use of marijuana by teenagers and the use of tobacco by teenagers? (3) Is there a relationship between the use of marijuana by teenagers and the use of alcohol by teenagers? The data used for this paper were from the Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training Program research project (Esbensen, 2003). The analysis found that the frequency of teenage alcohol use had the strongest correlation with the use of marijuana. The frequency of teenage tobacco use was also found to have a significant correlation to marijuana use

Personalized Multimedia Videos As Reminiscence Therapy For Persons With Dementia

Reminiscence therapies are an effective intervention in increasing self-esteem, well-being, sense of personhood and even reducing distress and confusion in persons with dementia. There is even evidence that reminiscence therapies can slightly slow the progression of dementia, by enabling a cohesive narrative and sense of identity. This paper will consider relevant literature and explore the potential of using modern technological advances, such as a wealth of digital media and the ability to scan old photos, to create personalized and engaging life narratives. In addition to this paper, this special project will include a concrete example of this type of video that I will create of memorabilia, primarily photographs, from my grandfather’s life, from what exists from his early childhood up to present day. It will also include a qualitative questionnaire to be given to the participant and their care partner to assess the effectiveness of increasing well-being, personal identity and even to further understand reminiscence therapy’s relationship with dementia symptomology

Interview with Dorothy Wampler

An interview with Dorothy Wampler regarding her experiences in a one-room school house.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/ors/1173/thumbnail.jp

Higher Calorie Intakes Related to Higher Incomes in Northern Mozambique

Resultados das investigações do Departamento de Análise de Políticas MAP-Direcção de Economíafood security, food policy, Mozambique, food consumption, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Q18,

Prevalence of household food poverty in South Africa: results from a large, nationally representative survey

Household food insecurity is a major determinant of undernutrition, yet there is little information on its prevalence in the South African population. This paper assesses household food insecurity in South Africa using a quantitative and objective measure, known as food poverty, and provides prevalence estimates by geographic area and socio-economic condition. Secondary data analysis combining two sources: Statistics South Africa's household-based 1995 Income and Expenditure Survey; and the University of Port Elizabeth's Household Subsistence Level series, a nationally-conducted, market-based survey. South Africa. A nationally representative sample of the entire country – stratified by race, province, and urban and non-urban areas – consisting of 28 704 households. A household is defined to be in food poverty when monthly food spending is less than the cost of a nutritionally adequate very low-cost diet. The prevalence of food poverty in South Africa in 1995 was 43%. Food poverty rates were highest among households headed by Africans, followed by coloureds, Indians and whites. Higher food poverty rates were found with decreasing income, increasing household size, and among households in rural areas or those headed by females. The widespread nature of household food insecurity in South Africa is documented here. Prevalence rates by geographic and socio-economic breakdown provide the means for targeting of nutritional interventions and for monitoring progress in this field. The corroboration of these findings with both internal validation measures and external sources suggests that food poverty is a useful, objective measure of household food insecurity

Hydrologic and chemical analysis of salt ponds on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-83).In order to assess the impact of human development on salt ponds, this study investigated the relationships between the chemistry of salt ponds and the hydrology of the surrounding area. Aspects of pond health such as nutrient levels, sedimentation parameters, and water quality indicators were analyzed in conjunction with development metrics, watershed descriptions, and runoff characteristics. Salt ponds were determined to be composed primarily of evaporated seawater. This determination was based on the outputs of hydrologic modeling, which predicted minimal inputs due to surface runoff, plus the results of regression analyses, which showed significant correlation between nutrient levels and salinity (R 2=0.885) and minimal deviation of measured nutrient concentrations from those predicted by evaporation. In addition, the feasibility of groundwater seepage measurement was investigated, as this seepage could play a key role in determining the role that human development may play in salt pond chemistry. Southside Pond, which met all the criteria necessary for seepage meter deployment, was analyzed for groundwater inputs; however, the information collected showed no evidence of significant groundwater inputs.by Liam Bossi and Donald Rose.M.Eng