5,114 research outputs found
Analysis of OGO-6 observations of the 0 I 5577A tropical nightglow
Atomic oxygen green line data from the horizon scanning photometer on OGO-6 was examined. Unfolding the satellite data from the tropical F-region yields altitude and latitude variations of the O(1S) emissions. The spatial variations of the tropical F-region electron density are then calculated by assuming dissociative recombination and using a model atmosphere. Where comparisons to ground-based data are possible the results are good. Thus, the satellite observations constitute a form of topside sounding of the ionosphere below the F-peak and provide synoptic data about this portion of the ionsphere otherwise impractical to obtain
Mechanical Loading Attenuates Radiation-Induced Bone Loss in Bone Marrow Transplanted Mice
Exposure of bone to ionizing radiation, as occurs during radiotherapy for some localized malignancies and blood or bone marrow cancers, as well as during space travel, incites dose-dependent bone morbidity and increased fracture risk. Rapid trabecular and endosteal bone loss reflects acutely increased osteoclastic resorption as well as decreased bone formation due to depletion of osteoprogenitors. Because of this dysregulation of bone turnover, bone’s capacity to respond to a mechanical loading stimulus in the aftermath of irradiation is unknown. We employed a mouse model of total body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation simulating treatment of hematologic cancers, hypothesizing that compression loading would attenuate bone loss. Furthermore, we hypothesized that loading would upregulate donor cell presence in loaded tibias due to increased engraftment and proliferation. We lethally irradiated 16 female C57Bl/6J mice at age 16 wks with 10.75 Gy, then IV-injected 20 million GFP(+) total bone marrow cells. That same day, we initiated 3 wks compression loading (1200 cycles 5x/wk, 10 N) in the right tibia of 10 of these mice while 6 mice were irradiated, non-mechanically-loaded controls. As anticipated, before-and-after microCT scans demonstrated loss of trabecular bone (-48.2% Tb.BV/TV) and cortical thickness (-8.3%) at 3 wks following irradiation. However, loaded bones lost 31% less Tb.BV/TV and 8% less cortical thickness (both p\u3c0.001). Loaded bones also had significant increases in trabecular thickness and tissue mineral densities from baseline. Mechanical loading did not affect donor cell engraftment. Importantly, these results demonstrate that both cortical and trabecular bone exposed to high-dose therapeutic radiation remain capable of an anabolic response to mechanical loading. These findings inform our management of bone health in cases of radiation exposure
Specification for a Program for an Interative Aeroelastic Solution (PIAS)
An engineering and software specification which was written for a computer program to calculate aeroelastic structural loads including the effects of nonlinear aerodynamics is presented. The procedure used in the program for an iterative aeroelastic solution (PIAS) is to alternately execute two computer codes: one to calculate aerodynamic loads for a specific wing shape, and another to calculate the deflected shape caused by this loading. A significant advantage to the design of PIAS is that the initial aerodynamic module can be replaced with others. The leading edge vortex (LEV) program is used as the aerodynamic module in PIAS. This provides the capability to calculate aeroelastic loads, including the effects of a separation induced leading edge vortex. The finite element method available in ATLAS Integrated structural analysis and design system is used to determine the deflected wing shape for the applied aerodynamics and inertia loads. The data management capabilities in ATLAS are used by the execution control monitor (ECM) of PIAS to control the solution process
A General Precipitation-Limited L_X-T-R Relation Among Early-Type Galaxies
The relation between X-ray luminosity (L_X) and ambient gas temperature (T)
among massive galactic systems is an important cornerstone of both
observational cosmology and galaxy-evolution modeling. In the most massive
galaxy clusters, the relation is determined primarily by cosmological structure
formation. In less massive systems, it primarily reflects the feedback response
to radiative cooling of circumgalactic gas. Here we present a simple but
powerful model for the L_X-T relation as a function of physical aperture R
within which those measurements are made. The model is based on the
precipitation framework for AGN feedback and assumes that the circumgalactic
medium is precipitation-regulated at small radii and limited by cosmological
structure formation at large radii. We compare this model with many different
data sets and show that it successfully reproduces the slope and upper envelope
of the L_X-T-R relation over the temperature range from ~0.2 keV through >10
keV. Our findings strongly suggest that the feedback mechanisms responsible for
regulating star formation in individual massive galaxies have much in common
with the precipitation-triggered feedback that appears to regulate
galaxy-cluster cores.Comment: Submitted to ApJ, 9 pages, 3 figures (v2 fixes a few small typos
Domain wall displacement in Py square ring for single nanometric magnetic bead detection
A new approach based on the domain wall displacement in confined
ferromagnetic nanostructures for attracting and sensing a single nanometric
magnetic particles is presented. We modeled and experimentally demonstrated the
viability of the approach using an anisotropic magnetoresistance device made by
a micron-size square ring of Permalloy designed for application in magnetic
storage. This detection concept can be suitable to biomolecular recognition,
and in particular to single molecule detection.Comment: 8pages, 3figure
Collective spin waves in arrays of Permalloy nanowires with single-side periodically modulated width
We have experimentally and numerically investigated the dispersion of
collective spin waves prop-agating through arrays of longitudinally magnetized
nanowires with periodically modulated width. Two nanowire arrays with
single-side modulation and different periodicity of modulation were studied and
compared to the nanowires with homogeneous width. The spin-wave dispersion,
meas-ured up to the third Brillouin zone of the reciprocal space, revealed the
presence of two dispersive modes for the width-modulated NWs, whose amplitude
of magnonic band depends on the modula-tion periodicity, and a set of
nondispersive modes at higher frequency. These findings are different from
those observed in homogeneous width NWs where only the lowest mode exhibits
sizeable dis-persion. The measured spin-wave dispersion has been satisfactorily
reproduced by means of dynam-ical matrix method. Results presented in this work
are important in view of the possible realization of frequency tunable magnonic
device
Defect related switching field reduction in small magnetic particle arrays
An array of 42 mum square, 3 mum thick garnet particles has been studied. The strong crystalline uniaxial anisotropy of these particles results in the stable remanent state being single domain with magnetization parallel to the film normal. Magneto-optic measurements of individual particles provide distribution statistics for the easy-axis switching field H-sw, and the in-plane hard-axis effective anisotropy field, H-eff, which induces the formation of a metastable stripe domain structure. Both H-sw and H-eff are much smaller than the crystalline anisotropy field. Micromagnetic simulations show that the small H-sw cannot be attributed to shape anisotropy, but is consistent with smooth, localized reductions in the crystalline anisotropy caused by defects in either the particles or the substrate
Magneto-resistance in a lithography defined single constrained domain wall spin valve
We have measured domain wall magnetoresistance in a single lithographically constrained domain wall. An H-shaped Ni nano-bridge was fabricated by e-beam lithography with the two sides being single magnetic do- mains showing independent magnetic switching. The connection between the sides constraining the domain wall when the sides line up anti-parallel. The magneto-resistance curve clearly identifies the magnetic con- figurations that are expected from a spin valve-like structure. The value of the magneto-resistance at room temperature is around 0.1% or 0.4 . This value is shown to be in agreement with a theoretical formulation based on spin accumulation. Micromagnetic simulations show it is possible to reduce the size of the domain wall further by shortening the length of the bridge
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