Pengaruh Multikomponen Kristal Piperin Asam Nikotinat Terhadap Profil Disolusi, Profil Lipid Dan Ekspresi Gen PCSK9 dan LDLr Pada Tikus Hiperlipidemia

Piperin merupakan senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan alkaloid hasil isolasi dari Piper nigrum, L, memiliki aktivitas farmakologis, salah satunya aktivitas antihiperlipidemia. Piperin termasuk ke dalam Biopharmaceutical Classification System kelas II, yang memiliki kelarutan yang rendah di dalam air sehingga menyebabkan rendahnya bioavaibilitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh multikomponen kristal piperin asam-nikotinat terhadap sifat fisikokimia, meningkatkan kelarutan, profil disolusi, aktivitas antihiperlipidemia dan ekspresi gen proprotein convertase subtilin kexin 9 (PCSK9) dan low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) pada tikus hiperlipidemia. Multikomponen kristal dibuat dengan metode solvent drop grinding menggunakan pelarut etanol pa dengan penambahan asam nikotinat sebagai koformer. Multikomponen kristal yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi dengan difraksi sinar-X, differential scanning calorimetry, spektroskopi Fourier Transform-Infra Red, scanning electron microscopy, uji kelarutan dan profil disolusi menggunakan KCKT dengan fase gerak asetonitril: air (90:10). Penilaian aktivitas antihiperlipidemia dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan kadar profil lipid plasma dan ekspresi gen PCSK9 dan LDLr dilakukan dengan Real Time-Polymerace Chain Reaction. Karakterisasi fisikokimia multikomponen kristal menunjukkan penurunan intensitas pada analisa difraksi sinar-X, penurunan puncak endotermik dan nilai entalpi pada termogram DSC, tidak terjadinya interaksi kimia antara piperin dan asam nikotinat pada spektrum FTIR, terbentuknya habit kristal baru pada mikroskopik SEM, kelarutan meningkat sebesar 3,03 kali (p<0,05) dan profil disolusi meningkat 5,92 kali (p<0,05) dibanding piperin murni dan campuran fisika. Aktivitas antihiperlipidemia multikomponen kristal menunjukkan penurunan total cholesterol, total triglyserida, LDLc (p<0,05) serta meningkatkan HDLc dan Hasil penilaian ekspresi gen menunjukkan pembentukan multilomponen kristal mempengaruhi ekspresi gen PCSK9 dan LDLr. Multikomponen kristal piperin asam nikotinat dapat memperbaiki sifat fisikokimia, meningkatkan kelarutan, profil disolusi, mempengaruhi kadar profil lipid plasma serta ekspresi gen PCSK9 dan LDLr

Hubungan Karakteristik Internal Petani Dengan Keberhasilan Pertumbuhan Cempaka (Michelia Champaca L.) Di Demplot Hutan Rakyat (Correlation Between Internal Characteristics of Farmer with the Success of Cempaka Growth (Michelia Champaca L.) on Private Forest Demonstration Plot)

Most of the establishment of community forests fail due to lack of understanding about the characteristics of farmers. Effort to conserve cempaka (Michelia champaca L.) could be done through development of cempaka private forest. This research aimed to study correlation between internal characteristics of farmers (knowledge, attitude and behavior) with growth performance of cempaka on a private forest demonstration plot. Cempaka private forest was established in two phases (2012 and 2013), involved 36 farmers. Data was collected by structured interview with farmers and measurement of cempaka growth. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Test. The result showed that there was a significant correlation between internal characteristics of farmers with growth performance of cempaka. Positive correlation was shown between attitude and behavior with the successfull of cempaka growth. The strongest correlation was shown by behavioral characteristic, as high growth performance of cempaka was strongly influenced by farmer's activity in plant maintenance. Distinctive farmer characteristics require different approaches farmers empowerment. Training in cultivation technique and economical aspect of cempaka should be provided to farmer with characeristics: good knowledge, good attitude, fair behavior. In contrary, land optimalization and strengthening farmers' institution to anticipate larger timber market should be conducted to farmer with characteristics: poor knowledge, good attitude, good behavior. This results could be applied for farmer empowerment at Ginanjar Village in the future

Pengaruh Kombinasi Magnesium Stearat dan Talkum sebagai Lubrikan terhadap Profil Disolusi Tablet Ibuprofen

A research has been conducted on the combination effect of magnesium stearate and talc as a lubricant to the dissolution profile of Ibuprofen tablets. Of the three formulas made Ibuprofen tablets with wet granulation method. Evaluation of tablets include uniformity of size, weight uniformity, tablet hardness, disintegration, friability of tablets, assay and dissolution. Results of dissolution percentage was done up to 60 indicated that the dissolution the average was 95,72%, 97,65% and 99,93% consecutively for F I, F II and F III. In addition, result of the dissolution efficiency up to 60 minutes for each formula was 82,10%, 87,58%, and 90,76%. According to the dissolution of the data, formula III which had the highest dissolution results compared to formula I and formula II, which likely due to the ratio of the combination of magnesium stearate and talc as a lubricant smaller levels of magnesium stearate.Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh kombinasi magnesium stearat dan talkum sebagai lubrikan terhadap profil disolusi tablet Ibuprofen. Dari ketiga formula dibuat tablet Ibuprofen dengan metoda granulasi basah. Evaluasi tablet meliputi keseragaman ukuran, keseragaman bobot, kekerasan tablet, waktu hancur, kerapuhan tablet, penetapan kadar dan disolusi. Hasil persen terdisolusi menit ke 60 menunjukkan bahwa disolusi rata-rata berturut-turut adalah 95,7209%, 97,6474% dan 99,9373%. Dan untuk hasil efisiensi disolusi pada menit ke 60 masing-masing formula adalah 82,1089%, 87,5888% dan 90,7635%. Dari data disolusi, formula III yang mempunyai hasil disolusi yang tinggi dibandingkan formula I dan formula II yang disebabkan oleh perbandingan kombinasi magnesium stearat dan talkum sebagai lubrikan lebih kecil kadar magnesium stearatnya

Preparation of amorphous solid dispersion of azithromycin dihydrate with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan sistem dispersi padat azitromisin dihidrat dengan pembawa hidroksipropil metilselulosa E5 LV agar laju disolusi azitromisin dihidrat meningkat. Dispersi padat amorf dibuat dengan metode pelarutan pada perbandingan obat : polimer 1:1; 1:2 and 2:1. Sifat padatan dispersi padat amorf dievaluasi dengan analisa difraksi sinar-X, mikroskopik SEM dan spekroskopi FT-IR. Lebih lanjut, profil laju disolusi dilakukan dengan alat uji disolusi tipe II USP. Menurut analisa difraksi sinar-X, azitromisin dihidrat mengalami transformasi sebagian dari fase kristalin ke fase amorf, yang diindikasikan dengan penururan secara signifikan puncak-puncak difraksi pada difraktogram. Analisis spektroskopi FT-IR membuktikan tidak terjadi interaksi secara kimiawi antara obat dan pembawa. Laju disolusi azitromisin dihidrat dari sistem dispersi padat amorf lebih tinggi dibandingkan azitromisin dihidrat murni dan campuran fisika. Laju disolusi azitromisin dihidrat meningkat dengan peningkatan rasio obat : polimer. The aim of present study is to develop solid dispersion system of azithromycin dihydrate with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E5 LV (HPMC) for improving the dissolution rate of azithromycin dihydrate. Amorphous solid dispersions were prepared by solvent method at 1:1; 1:2 and 2:1 (w/w) drug to polymer ratios. Solid state properties of amorphous solid dispersion were evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopy FT-IR. Furthermore, the dissolution rate profile was investigated by type II USP dissolution apparatus. Based on X-ray powder diffractometry analysis, azithromycin dihydrate was transformed partially from the crystalline phase to the amorphous state as confirmed by significant reduction of the crystalline peaks intensity. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis revealed the absence of chemical interaction between azithromycin dihydrate and HPMC. The dissolution rate of azithromycin dihydrate from amorphous solid dispersion was substantially higher than azithromycin dihydrate intact and its physical mixture. The dissolution rate of azithromycin dihydrate increased with an increasing drug to polymer ratio

Peningkatan Laju Disolusi Dispersi Padat Amorf Genistein dengan PVP K-30

Amorphous solid dispersions of a poorly water-soluble drug genistein in PVP K-30 were prepared by solvent co-evaporation technique using organic solvent methanol. Solid dispersions system was prepared with several variations of drug to polymer 2:1, 1:1 dan 1:2 w/w. Solid state properties of solid dispersion system were evaluated by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, and microscopic SEM. Dissolution rate profile were conducted in distilled water medium by using dissolution tester apparatus type II USP. Base on X-ray diffractometry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and microscopic SEM, crystalline phase of genistein decreased in crystallinity index and formation of amophous state. Dissolution rate profile showed that genistein in amorphous solid dispersion had a faster dissolution rate in comparison to intact genistein. This study proved that preparation of solid dispersion of genistein in PVP K-30 is an effective approach to improve dissolution rate of genistein.Sistem dispersi padat amorf senyawa obat yang sukar larut air genistein dalam PVP K-30 dibuat dengan metode penguapan pelarut menggunakan pelarut metanol. Sistem dispersi padat dibuat dengan variasi perbandingan obat : polimer 2:1, 1:1 dan 1:2 b/b. Sifat padatan serbuk sistem dispersi padat dievaluasi dengan metode analisa difraksi sinar-X, termal DSC, spektrokopik FT-IR dan mikroskopik SEM. Profil disolusi dilakukan dalam medium air suling dengan alat uji disolusi tipe II USP. Hasil analisa difraksi sinar-X, termal DSC dan mikroskopik SEM, fase kristalin genistein mengalami penurunan derajat kristalinitas dan pembentukan fase amorf. Profil laju disolusi menunjukkan bahwa sistem dispersi padat genistein memiliki laju disolusi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan genistein murni. Studi ini membuktikan bahwa pembentukan sistem dispersi padat genistein dengan polimer PVP K-30 efektif memperbaiki laju disolusi genistein

PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENYULUHAN PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR DI DESA SARI MULYA KECAMATAN RIMBO ILIR KABUPATEN TEBO

Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) merupakan penyakit yang seringkali tidak banyak dideteksi dan disadari karena umumnya PTM tidak menimbulkan gejala atau keluhan. Hal ini berdampak pada saat pemeriksaan penderita dimana PTM terdeteksi sudah sampai tahap stadium akhir. Upaya pencegahan PTM perlu dilakukan agar tingkat kesehatan masyarakat Desa Sari Mulya meningkat. Pencegahan yang dimaksud melalui kegiatan penyuluhan dan edukasi kepada masyarakat. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang PTM hingga cara pencegahan dan pengobatannya. Penyuluhan dilakukan dengan pemaparan materi tentang pengetahuan umum PTM hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus. Kegiatan edukasi yang dilakukan dievaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test dengan kuisioner serta wawancara singkat. Selain itu dilakukan pemeriksaan dan deteksi dini PTM, konsultasi setelah pemeriksaan kesehatan untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan PTM. Berdasarkan hasil kuisioner, skor rata-rata awal sebelum dilakukan pengabdian yaitu 7,53 dan mengalami peningkatan menjadi 8,97 setelah dilakukan penyuluhan dan edukasi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap PTM

Conservation Species of NTFPs Through Agroforestry for Community Livelihoods in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara

Conservation and development of non-timber forest product (NTFPs) commodities in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) are urgently needed. NTFPs are a source of livelihood for the rural communities around the forest areas. NTFPs development around the forest areas is needed as a means to create livelihoods and reduce poverty. The management strategy for forest areas based on integrating conservation and community welfare improvement is needed. The research aims to determine the NTFPs potency in Sikka Regency and the socio-economic conditions of NTFP farmers and to initiate the conservation and development of NTFPs based on the agroforestry approach. The research was conducted through literature review, secondary and primary data collection through surveys, interviews and field observations. The results of the study showed that tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L) Willd.), areca nut (Areca cathecu L.), and betel (Piper betle&nbsp;L.) is the major of NTFP commodities in Sikka district. The socio-economic conditions of NTFP farmers on surrounding farmer are not prosperous yet, and highly depend on the sustainability of NTFP production. Community initiatives to conserve and regenerate NTFPs through agroforestry need to be improved, especially in improving the rate of plant growth. Technical assistance to increase community capacity in conservation and development of NTFPs around forest areas and private land is still needed

Inventarisasi Jenis Tanaman Penghasil Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu di Hutan Nagari Paru, Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat

Hutan memainkan peranan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat yang berada di sekitarnya, terutama dalam menyediakan hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK). HHBK umumnya digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sendiri (subsistence) dan menambah pendapatan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis tanaman yang menghasilkan HHBK di Hutan Nagari Paru di Kabupaten Sijunjung, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui survei lapangan dengan menggunakan 98 plot berukuran 0,1 ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Nagari Paru memanfaatkan berbagai jenis HHBK dari generasi ke generasi sebagai sumber makanan, obat-obatan, kerajinan tangan, pewarna, resin, bangunan, ritual adat, dan keperluan lainnya. Hutan Nagari Paru terjaga dengan kearifan lokal dan hukum adat yang kuat, sehingga memiliki keanekaragaman jenis tanaman penghasil HHBK yang tinggi dengan total 98 jenis. Namun, perlu dicatat bahwa metode pemanfaatan ekstraktif tanpa pembatasan jumlah HHBK yang diambil akan menyebabkan berkurangnya ketersediaan HHBK di masa depan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pengaturan volume HHBK yang dapat pembudidayaan tanaman penghasil HHBK yang bernilai tinggi di lahan masyarakat. Dengan demikian, pelestarian hutan lindung dan ketersediaan HHBK diharapkan dapat dipertahankan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat meningkat

Conservation Species of NTFPs Through Agroforestry for Community Livelihoods in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara

Conservation and development of non-timber forest product (NTFPs) commodities in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) are urgently needed. NTFPs are a source of livelihood for the rural communities around the forest areas. NTFPs development around the forest areas is needed as a means to create livelihoods and reduce poverty. The management strategy for forest areas based on integrating conservation and community welfare improvement is needed. The research aims to determine the NTFPs potency in Sikka Regency and the socio-economic conditions of NTFP farmers and to initiate the conservation and development of NTFPs based on the agroforestry approach. The research was conducted through literature review, secondary and primary data collection through surveys, interviews and field observations. The results of the study showed that tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L) Willd.), areca nut (Areca cathecu L.), and betel (Piper betle&nbsp;L.) is the major of NTFP commodities in Sikka district. The socio-economic conditions of NTFP farmers on surrounding farmer are not prosperous yet, and highly depend on the sustainability of NTFP production. Community initiatives to conserve and regenerate NTFPs through agroforestry need to be improved, especially in improving the rate of plant growth. Technical assistance to increase community capacity in conservation and development of NTFPs around forest areas and private land is still needed