Study of Some Phytochemicals in Talinium Triangulare Leaves

The phytochemical analysis of moringa leaves (wet and dry) using standard procedures shows it contains (%) saponin 1.10%, flavonoid 1.10%, alkaloid 2.06% and cyanogenic glycoside 0.0062% while the saponin, flavoniod, alkaloid and cyanogenic glycoside for the wet leaves include 0.80%, 0.80%, 1.02 and 0.005%  respectively. This result shows that the presence of saponin, alkaloid and cyanogenic glycoside are higher in the dry leaves comparatively to the wet leaves, while flavonoid is higher in concentration in moringa oleifera flower than its leaves.   . It has been shown from the analysis that the percentages of the phytochemicals are not lethal especially the cyanogenic glycoside in the sample which indicates less toxicity and a minor quantity of hydrogen cyanide which can easily be detoxified for better health benefits. Keywords: Moringa, phytochemicals, Talinium triangulare, flavonoids, saponins. DOI: 10.7176/CMR/11-10-06 Publication date: December 31st 2019

The synthesis of single enantiomers of α-mycolic acids of M.tuberculosis with alternative cyclopropane stereochemistries

We report the synthesis of three stereoisomers of a mycolic acid from Mycobacterium tuberculosis containing a di-cis-cyclopropane and of two stereoisomers of a mycolic acid containing a proximal trans-cyclopropane and a distal cis-cyclopropane.</jats:p

Introduction to the Special Issue on the New Arctic Ocean

One hundred and thirty years ago, Fridtjof Nansen, the Norwegian polar explorer and scientist, set off on a bold three-year journey to investigate the unknown Arctic Ocean. The expedition relied on a critical technological development: a small, strong, and maneuverable vessel, powered by sail and an engine, with an endurance of five years for twelve men. His intellectual curiosity and careful observations led to an early glimpse of the Arctic Ocean’s circulation and its unique ecosystem. Some of Nansen’s findings on sea ice and the penetration of Atlantic Water into the Arctic Ocean established a benchmark against which we have measured profound changes over the past few decades. In contrast, little was known about the Arctic Ocean’s ecosystem processes prior to the onset of anthropogenic climate change. Nansen’s successes, which paved the way for subsequent research, were gained in part from Indigenous Greenlanders who taught him how to survive in this harsh environment.</jats:p

Unfitness to Plead. Volume 1: Report.

This has been produced along with Volume 2: Draft Legislation as a combined document Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 3(2) of the Law Commissions Act 1965 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed on 12 January 201

Velocity variations in the uppermost mantle beneath the southern Sierra Nevada and Walker Lane

We model Pn waveforms from two earthquakes in the southwestern United States (Mammoth Lakes, California, and western Nevada) to determine a velocity model of the crustal and mantle structure beneath the southern Sierra Nevada and Walker Lane. We derive a one-dimensional velocity model that includes a smooth crust-mantle transition east of Death Valley and extending south into the eastern Mojave desert. West of Death Valley and toward the Sierra Nevada a low-velocity mantle (V_p = 7.6 km/s) directly below the crust indicates the lithosphere is absent. At the base of this low-velocity structure (at 75–100 km depth) the P wave velocity jumps discontinuously to V_p 8.0 km/s. The area of low velocity is bounded by the Garlock Fault to the south and the Sierra Nevada to the west, but we cannot resolve its northern extent. However, on the basis of teleseismic travel times we postulate that the anomaly terminates at about 38°N. The presence of a low-velocity, upper mantle anomaly in this area agrees with geochemical research on xenoliths from the southern Sierras and recent studies of receiver functions, refraction profiles, tomography, and gravity. However, the velocity discontinuity at 75–100 km is a new discovery and may represent the top of the once present, now unaccounted for and possibly sunken Sierra Nevada lithosphere

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) Wavefront Control System

A wavefront control system will be employed on NIF to correct beam aberrations that otherwise would limit the minimum target focal spot size. For most applications, NIF requires a focal spot that is a few times the diffraction limit. Sources of aberrations that must be corrected include prompt pump-induced distortions in the laser slabs, thermal distortions in the laser slabs from previous shots, manufacturing figure errors in the optics, beam off-axis effects, gas density variations, and gravity, mounting, and coating- induced optic distortions. The NIF Wavefront Control System consists of five subsystems: 1) a deformable mirror, 2) a wavefront sensor, 3) a computer controller, 4) a wavefront reference system, and 5) a system of fast actuators to allow the wavefront control system to operate to within one second of the laser shot. The system includes the capability for in situ calibrations and operates in closed loop prior to the shot. Shot wavefront data is recorded. This paper describes the function, realization, and performance of each wavefront control subsystem. Subsystem performance will be characterized by computer models and by test results. The focal spot improvement in the NIF laser system effected by the wavefront control system will be characterized through computer models