A normoglykaemia elérésének korlátai inzulinkezelt 2-es tipusú cukorbetegekben

Insulin therapy is the most effective treatment of diabetes. It is proven to prevent microvascular disease and likely to decrease the risk of cardiovascular complications. However, these benefits are associated with a 2-3 times increased risk of hypoglycaemia and a faster weight gain compared to other antidiabetic medications. In addition, one study found elevated all-cause mortality among patients on intensive therapy (requiring more frequent insulinisation). Insulin has growth factor properties that may translate to increased mitogenicity. These factors could prevent the medical team or the patient from initiation or intensification of insulin therapy. The authors describe evidence on long-term remission related to transient intensified insulin therapy at diabetes diagnosis. The currently recommended method of insulin initiation is once daily basal insulin treatment that offers different schedules for intensification. The authors review the pharmacokinetics of analogue insulins that translate to similar efficacy to human insulins with a 20-30% lower risk of hypoglycaemia. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(36), 1443-1450

Establishing Transparency Boundaries in AI Adoption: Responsible Use and Student Awareness

This study examines AI tool implementation in Academic English courses, focusing on communication through syllabi and assignments. Survey results show high awareness of AI policies and effective use of color-coded tool indicators. While single-point rubrics showed promise for AI integration, their irregular usage and challenges in citing AI content suggest areas for improved guidance

Prisoner's Dilemma cellular automata revisited: evolution of cooperation under environmental pressure

We propose an extension of the evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma cellular automata, introduced by Nowak and May \cite{nm92}, in which the pressure of the environment is taken into account. This is implemented by requiring that individuals need to collect a minimum score $U_{min}$, representing indispensable resources (nutrients, energy, money, etc.) to prosper in this environment. So the agents, instead of evolving just by adopting the behaviour of the most successful neighbour (who got $U^{msn}$), also take into account if $U^{msn}$ is above or below the threshold $U_{min}$. If $U^{msn}<U_{min}$ an individual has a probability of adopting the opposite behaviour from the one used by its most successful neighbour. This modification allows the evolution of cooperation for payoffs for which defection was the rule (as it happens, for example, when the sucker's payoff is much worse than the punishment for mutual defection). We also analyse a more sophisticated version of this model in which the selective rule is supplemented with a "win-stay, lose-shift" criterion. The cluster structure is analyzed and, for this more complex version we found power-law scaling for a restricted region in the parameter space.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures; added figures and revised tex

Spatial patterns and scale freedom in a Prisoner's Dilemma cellular automata with Pavlovian strategies

A cellular automaton in which cells represent agents playing the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game following the simple "win-stay, loose-shift" strategy is studied. Individuals with binary behavior, such as they can either cooperate (C) or defect (D), play repeatedly with their neighbors (Von Neumann's and Moore's neighborhoods). Their utilities in each round of the game are given by a rescaled payoff matrix described by a single parameter Tau, which measures the ratio of 'temptation to defect' to 'reward for cooperation'. Depending on the region of the parameter space Tau, the system self-organizes - after a transient - into dynamical equilibrium states characterized by different definite fractions of C agents (2 states for the Von Neumann neighborhood and 4 for Moore neighborhood). For some ranges of Tau the cluster size distributions, the power spectrums P(f) and the perimeter-area curves follow power-law scalings. Percolation below threshold is also found for D agent clusters. We also analyze the asynchronous dynamics version of this model and compare results.Comment: Accepted for publication in JSTA

Pristine carbon nanotube scaffolds for the growth of chondrocytes

The effective growth of chondrocytes and the formation of cartilage is demonstrated on scaffolds of aligned carbon nanotubes; as two dimensional sheets and on three dimensional textiles. Raman spectroscopy is used to confirm the presence of chondroitin sulfate, which is critical in light of the unreliability of traditional dye based assays for carbon nanomaterial substrates. The textile exhibits a very high affinity for chondrocyte growth and could present a route to implantable, flexible cartilage scaffolds with tuneable mechanical properties

Energy balance of a building using quasy-steady-state and dynamic calculation method

In this thesis I have been comparing, by focusing on the responsiveness to changes in location, orientation, openings and thermal mass, as well as in its services and systems, the energy balance of a building, using the quasy-steady-state method according to EN 13790, and the dynamic simulation method of the IDA Indoor Climate and Energy programme. In the first part of the thesis, the design of a single family house and the usage of construction systems, openings and building systems will be presented. By changing individual parameters of the building, 18 variations have been created. Due to a great mismatch of the input climate data, it turns out that comparing and evaluating the results produced by both methods is highly difficult. Nevertheless, in the carried out analysis, it is possible to identify certain trends

Morphological and anatomical characteristics of the green-winged orchid (Orchis morio L.) on different types of habitats

Mali kaćun (Orchis morio L.) je gotovo ugrožena vrsta orhideja u Hrvatskoj. Različiti antropogeni utjecaji kao i sve izraženije klimatske promjene ugrožavaju njegov opstanak. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti morfološke karakteristike te anatomsku građu listova malog kaćuna na dva lokaliteta: nizinskoj, stepolikoj travnjačkoj površini i brdskom travnjaku. Većina istraživanih morfoloških parametara bili su slični (npr. visina biljke, broj listova, dužina cvata), ali su utvrđene razlike u anatomskoj građi listova. Na stepolikom travnjaku listovi malog kaćuna imaju manje stanice gornje i donje epiderme, tanju kutikulu te tanji sloj mezofila. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da se mali kaćun dobro prilagođava različitim tipovima staništa što je vrlo važno u provođenju mjera zaštite ove vrijedne biljne vrste.Orchis morio L. is an almost endangered orchid species in Croatia. Many anthropogenic factors as well as climate changes represent important threat to its survival. The aim of this study was to examine the plant morphological characteristics and the anatomy of O. morio leaves on the two study sites: lowland, steppe-like grassland and hilly grassland. Most of the morphological parameters were similar (plant high, number of leaves, length of bloom), but some differences in the leaves anatomy were determined. On the steppe – like grasslands, O. morio have smaller upper and lower epidermis cells, a thicker cuticle and mesophyll layer. Results indicate that the O. morio may adapt to different habitat conditions which is very important for the protection of this valuable plant species

Energy balance of a building using quasy-steady-state and dynamic calculation method

V tej diplomski nalogi sem primerjal izračuna energijske bilance stavbe po metodi kvazistacionarnega stanja, določeni s standardom SIST EN 13790, in metodi dinamičnega izračuna s pomočjo programa »IDA Indoor Climate and Energy«. Osredotočil sem se na odzivnost obeh metod na vpliv lokacije, orientacije, odprtin in toplotne mase stavbe ter izbora sistemov v njej. V prvem delu naloge so predstavljene zasnova enostanovanjske stavbe, njeni konstrukcijski sklopi, razporeditev odprtin in sistemov. S spreminjanjem posameznih parametrov sem nato v drugem delu naloge izpeljal izračun in analizo osemnajstih variant. Izkaže se, da je zaradi velikega odstopanja vhodnih klimatskih podatkov rezultate, pridobljene po uporabljenih metodah, izjemno težko medsebojno primerjati in vrednotiti, kljub temu pa so se preko izvedene analize pokazali določeni vzorci.In this thesis I have been comparing, by focusing on the responsiveness to changes in location, orientation, openings and thermal mass, as well as in its services and systems, the energy balance of a building, using the quasy-steady-state method according to EN 13790, and the dynamic simulation method of the IDA Indoor Climate and Energy programme. In the first part of the thesis, the design of a single family house and the usage of construction systems, openings and building systems will be presented. By changing individual parameters of the building, 18 variations have been created. Due to a great mismatch of the input climate data, it turns out that comparing and evaluating the results produced by both methods is highly difficult. Nevertheless, in the carried out analysis, it is possible to identify certain trends