A French Cohort of Childhood Leukemia Survivors: Impact of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Health Status and Quality of Life

AbstractThe late effects and quality of life (QoL) in childhood acute leukemia survivors were compared between hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients and patients who underwent conventional therapy. The study included 943 patients, 256 of whom underwent HSCT (27.1%). Medical visits were conducted to detect the occurrence of physical late effects. Based on patient age, different questionnaires were used to assess QoL. To evaluate the association between HSCT and each type of late effect or QoL dimension, the appropriate multivariate regressions were performed. QoL mean scores were compared with those obtained for age- and sex-matched French control subjects. Of all the survivors, 674 (71.5%) had at least 1 late effect, with the risk being 5.0 CI95 (3.0-8.6) times higher for transplantation survivors. For child survivors, scoring of QoL showed no significant differences between the treatment groups. The adult HSCT survivors reported lower physical dimension QoL scores than chemotherapy survivors. Compared with French norms, the survivor group reported a significantly lower mental composite score; however, the physical composite score showed no significant difference. Thus, transplanted survivors have a high risk of developing late effects, resulting in a decreased physical well-being in adulthood. However, long after treatment completion, childhood leukemia survivors report that effects on psychological well-being are more important than they are in physical QoL dimensions

Results of successive EORTC-CLG 58 881 and 58 951 trials in paediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)

Outcomes in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) are steadily improving due to intensive therapy. Between 1989 and 2008, 599 children with newly diagnosed T-ALL were enrolled in two successive European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer - Children's Leukaemia Group trials (58881 and 58951), both based on the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster protocol and without cranial irradiation. In the latter trial induction chemotherapy was intensified. The most important randomizations were Medac Escherichia coli asparaginase versus Erwinia asparaginase in trial 58881, and dexamethasone (6 mg/m(2)/day) versus prednisolone (60 mg/m(2)/day) and prolonged versus conventional asparaginase duration in trial 58951. 8-year event-free survival (EFS) increased from 65 center dot 1% to 74 center dot 0% in trial 58951. Improvement was most profound for patients with white blood cell (WBC) counts E. coli asparaginase was associated with longer EFS [hazard ratio (HR) 0 center dot 54, P = 0 center dot 0015] and overall survival (HR 0 center dot 51, P = 0 center dot 0018). Induction therapy with dexamethasone did not improve EFS compared to prednisolone. Remarkably, intensification of central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy in trial 58951 resulted in fewer bone marrow relapses, while the incidence of CNS relapses remained low. In summary, we showed that adequate asparaginase therapy, intensified induction treatment and intensification of CNS-directed chemotherapy can result in an improvement of outcome in T-ALL patients with good prephase response and initial WBC counts <100 x 10(9)/l, representing approximately 50% of T-ALL patients

Efficacy of vinblastine in central nervous system Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a nationwide retrospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vinblastine (VBL) is the standard treatment for systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), but little is known about its efficacy in central nervous system (CNS) mass lesions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A retrospective chart review was conducted. Twenty patients from the French LCH Study Group register met the inclusion criteria. In brief, they had CNS mass lesions, had been treated with VBL, and were evaluable for radiologic response.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The median age at diagnosis of LCH was 11.5 years (range: 1-50). Intravenous VBL 6 mg/m²was given in a 6-week induction treatment, followed by a maintenance treatment. The median total duration was 12 months (range: 3-30). Eleven patients received steroids concomitantly. Fifteen patients achieved an objective response; five had a complete response (CR: 25%), ten had a partial response (PR: 50%), four had stable disease (SD: 20%) and one patient progressed (PD: 5%). Of interest, four out of the six patients who received VBL without concomitant steroids achieved an objective response. With a median follow-up of 6.8 years, the 5-year event-free and overall survival was 61% and 84%, respectively. VBL was well-tolerated and there were no patient withdrawals due to adverse events.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>VBL, with or without steroids, could potentially be a useful therapeutic option in LCH with CNS mass lesions, especially for those with inoperable lesions or multiple lesions. Prospective clinical trials are warranted for the evaluation of VBL in this indication.</p

Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome: Update from the ESID Registry and comparison with other autoimmune-lymphoproliferative inborn errors of immunity

Background: Activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase d syndrome (APDS) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) with infection susceptibility and immune dysregulation, clinically overlapping with other conditions. Management depends on disease evolution, but predictors of severe disease are lacking. Objectives: This study sought to report the extended spectrum of disease manifestations in APDS1 versus APDS2; compare these to CTLA4 deficiency, NFKB1 deficiency, and STAT3 gain of-function (GOF) disease; and identify predictors of severity in APDS. Methods: Data was collected from the ESID (European Society for Immunodeficiencies)-APDS registry and was compared with published cohorts of the other IEIs. Results: The analysis of 170 patients with APDS outlines high penetrance and early onset of APDS compared to the other IEIs. The large clinical heterogeneity even in individuals with the same PIK3CD variant E1021K illustrates how poorly the genotype predicts the disease phenotype and course. The high clinical overlap between APDS and the other investigated IEIs suggests relevant pathophysiological convergence of the affected pathways. Preferentially affected organ systems indicate specific pathophysiology: bronchiectasis is typical of APDS1; interstitial lung disease and enteropathy are more common in STAT3 GOF and CTLA4 deficiency. Endocrinopathies are most frequent in STAT3 GOF, but growth impairment is also common, particularly in APDS2. Early clinical presentation is a risk factor for severe disease in APDS. Conclusions: APDS illustrates how a single genetic variant can result in a diverse autoimmune-lymphoproliferative phenotype. Overlap with other IEIs is substantial. Some specific features distinguish APDS1 from APDS2. Early onset is a risk factor for severe disease course calling for specific treatment studies in younger patients. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023;152:984-96.

Étude des altérations épigénétiques des tumeurs des enfants (le cas des épendymomes et des neuroblastomes)

Au cours des dernières années, un nouveau mécanisme du développement tumoral a été décrit; l'hyperméthylation des gènes suppresseurs de tumeur (GST). Les modifications épigénétiques ont été peu étudiées dans les cancers de l'enfant et aucune grande série de tumeurs pédiatriques existait avant 2002. Nous avons recherché ce type altérations dans deux groupes de tumeurs de l'enfant: les ependymomes et les neuroblastomes. Les ependymomes (EP) représentent la troisième tumeur la plus fréquente du système nerveux central (SNC) de l'enfant et n'a pas de marqueurs biologiques pronostiques identifiés. Le neuroblastome, quant à lui, est la tumeur solide extra crânienne la plus fréquente chez l'enfant et présente des anomalies génétiques et moléculaires qui ont été clairement liées au pronostic. Nos objectifs étaient de décrire un profil de méthylation de ces deux cancers de l'enfant et chercher des relations possibles avec l'évolution clinique. Dans la première étude, une série de 27 enfants avec un EP intracrânien et 7 avec papillome du plexus choroïde a été étudiée. Nous avons décrit et comparé le statut de méthylation de 19 gènes. Dans la deuxième étude, 62 neuroblastomes (NB) ont été évalués pour le statut de la méthylation de ces gènes. Nous n'avons pas trouvé de relation statistiquement significative entre la méthylation et l'évolution clinique, mais les méthylations ne semblent pas être distribuées sous une forme aléatoire dans les EP et les NB et peut représenter un mécanisme de développement et d'évolution tumorale. L'hyperméthylation a été corrélée au stade clinique des NB: stades 1, 2 et 4s étaient moins fréquemment méthylés que les stades 3 et 4 (p = 0.002). En conclusion, les résultats de nos séries indiquent que la méthylation des gènes suppresseurs peut avoir un rôle dans l'évolution et le développement des cancers de l'enfant. L'étude des altérations épigénétiques est nécessaire pour améliorer la comprehension des mécanismes de la carcinogenèse dans les tumeurs pédiatriques. Ces altérations pourraient, donc, être utilisées comme des marqueurs de maladies ou d'évolutivité et les gènes méthylés pourraient être considérés comme des nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Améliorer la qualité de la relation avec les patients adolescents : des représentations des soignants au vécu des patients atteints de pathologie respiratoire chronique

Introduction : Les interactions entre maladie chronique et adolescence imposent aux soignants d'établir une communication de qualité avec les patients adolescents. Les auteurs ont exploré des pistes d'amélioration de la relation entre l'équipe soignante et la population des patients chroniques adolescents. Matériel et méthode : Entre janvier et juin 2013, des focus groups de soignants et des entretiens individuels d'adolescents porteurs de pathologies chroniques ont été réalisés. L'analyse croisée des verbatims a mis en lumière les points communs et les écarts de leurs préoccupations. Résultats : Dix-sept soignants et neufs adolescents porteurs de pathologie respiratoire chronique ont été interrogés. Les préoccupations communes portent sur l'autonomie dans les soins, les besoins de connaissances sur la maladie et l'organisation de leur suivi sur le long terme. Les écarts de point de vue portent sur l'impact de la maladie dans la relation des adolescents avec leurs pairs. Pour permettre aux soignants d'établir une relation de qualité avec les adolescents, les propositions sont : de renforcer l'autonomie des adolescents dans leur parcours de soin ; d'échanger autour de la maladie et de leurs traitements ; de négocier les modalités d'accompagnement. Conclusion : Communiquer avec un adolescent porteur de pathologie chronique pose la question de la posture professionnelle. Les auteurs proposent un mode opératoire pour mettre en œuvre un parcours de soin basé sur une communication de qualité, à travers des pistes simples répondant aux attentes des adolescents

Améliorer la qualité de la relation avec les patients adolescents : des représentations des soignants au vécu des patients atteints de pathologie respiratoire chronique

International audienc

[Recurrent pneumonia revealing a bronchial carcinoid tumor: report of two cases]

International audienceCarcinoid tumors are the most common endobronchial tumor in the pediatric population, and represent a rare cause of airway obstruction. The authors report two cases of boys aged 10 and 11 years old, who presented with a 12-month history of recurrent pneumonia. Bronchial endoscopy showed an endobronchial tumor. Chest CT-scan identified local extension and lung-associated lesions; octreoscan was performed to detect distant metastases. Histopathological study concluded in typical carcinoid tumor. The outcome after surgical conservative resection is uneventful with a follow-up of 7 and 26 months. Bronchial tumors must be considered in children with recurrent pneumonia or persistant respiratory symptoms, and require CT scan and bronchial endoscopy for their diagnosis

Mechanisms of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in leukemic plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

International audienceOBJECTIVE: Dendritic cells play a central role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) represent a newly identified kind of DC with specialized functions aimed at fighting against viral infections. Recently, we have shown that CD4+CD56+ malignancies were leukemia arising from PDC, with a particularly aggressive clinical course. Hence, we asked whether these malignant PDC could be killed via TRAIL, a death-inducing ligand that belongs to a new class of anticancer drugs currently under development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study we used a PDC line (GEN2.2) we recently developed from leukemic PDC as a model. RESULTS: We show that GEN2.2 PDC are sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and can be killed in vitro by TRAIL-expressing NK cells. Our results suggest that TRAIL binds to Death Receptor 5 (DR5) expressed by GEN2.2 and induces apoptosis mainly via caspases 10, 8, and 3. Interestingly, during infection with influenza, DR5 decreases on GEN2.2 cell surface, which consequently become resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, we confirmed the expression of DR5 or DR4 on half of LPDC tested, suggesting the possibility to kill these cells via TRAIL. Hopefully, normal PDC expressed neither DR4 nor DR5. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that TRAIL agonists represent a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of LPDC