Importância do treinamento de força na reabilitação da função muscular, equilíbrio e mobilidade de idosos

Com o processo de envelhecimento ocorrem modificações fisiológicas na função neuro-músculo-esquelética. Associadas a doenças crônico-degenerativas, altamente prevalentes nos idosos, essas modificações poderão levar a déficits de equilíbrio e alterações na marcha que predispõem à ocorrência de quedas, ocasionando graves conseqüências sobre o desempenho funcional e na realização de atividades de vida diária (AVDs). Não é correto atribuir-se a deterioração dessas capacidades como conseqüência inevitável do envelhecimento. Contudo, está claro que muito dessa deterioração pode ser atribuída a níveis reduzidos de atividade física. Isso significa que a implementação de um programa de exercícios, mesmo em idades extremas, é capaz de minimizar ou mesmo evitar o declínio funcional acentuado, amenizando os efeitos das doenças, ou mesmo prevenindo-as. Esta revisão bibliográfica teve como objetivo analisar estudos que estabeleceram correlações entre programas de fortalecimento muscular e o desempenho funcional de idosos no equilíbrio e na marcha. Para tanto, foi feita uma busca na base de dados MEDLINE e LILACS de estudos que se propuseram a estabelecer estas correlações.The physiological ageing process leads to changes on the neuro-muscular-skeletal system. Associated with highly prevalente chronic degenerative diseases, those changes would yield balance and gait abnormalities which prone elderly people to falls and impaired physical function and limitations in activities of daily living. It is not an inevitable consequence of the ageing process the deterioration of physical and functional capacities. Though, it is clear that functional decline might be a consequence of low physical activity levels. The implementation of exercise programs, even in very old age, is capable of minimizing the impact of the changes or even prevent physical functioning decline or disease harm. The present review had the objective to search published work on the MEDLINE and LILACS databases which presented correlations between resistance exercises to improve muscle function, balance and gait in the elderly population

Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Risk on Obesity: Role of Environmental Xenoestrogens

Some chemicals used in consumer products or manufacturing (eg, plastics, pesticides) have estrogenic activities; these xenoestrogens (XEs) may affect immune responses and have recently emerged as a new risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, the extent and impact on health of chronic exposure of the general population to XEs are still unknown.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals - Depot differences and dysmetabolism implications

Background: The role of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with endocrine disrupting activity in the aetiology of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions has been recently highlighted. Adipose tissue (AT) is a common site of POPs accumulation where they can induce adverse effects on human health. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of POPs in human visceral (vAT) and subcutaneous (scAT) adipose tissue in a sample of Portuguese obese patients that underwent bariatric surgery, and assess their putative association with metabolic disruption preoperatively, as well as with subsequent body mass index (BMI) reduction. Methods: AT samples (n=189) from obese patients (BMI ≥35) were collected and the levels of 13 POPs were determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the time of surgery. BMI variation was evaluated after 12 months and adipocyte size was measured in AT samples. Results: Our data confirm that POPs are pervasive in this obese population (96.3% of detection on both tissues), their abundance increasing with age (RS=0.310, p<0.01) and duration of obesity (RS=0.170, p<0.05). We observed a difference in AT depot POPs storage capability, with higher levels of ΣPOPs in vAT (213.9±204.2 compared to 155.1±147.4 ng/g of fat, p<0.001), extremely relevant when evaluating their metabolic impact. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between POP levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome components, namely dysglycaemia and hypertension, and more importantly with cardiovascular risk (RS=0.277, p<0.01), with relevance for vAT (RS=0.315, p<0.01). Finally, we observed an interesting relation of higher POP levels with lower weight loss in older patients. Conclusion: Our sample of obese subjects allowed us to highlight the importance of POPs stored in AT on the development of metabolic dysfunction in a context of obesity, shifting the focus to their metabolic effects and not only for their recognition as environmental obesogens

Avanços e perspectivas da RENAME após novos marcos legais:: o desafio de contribuir para um SUS único e integral

Objetivos:&nbsp;O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever o processo de atualização da Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME), contextualizando-o à luz de novos marcos legais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).&nbsp;Métodos:&nbsp;Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de natureza crítica-reflexiva, estruturado em dois momentos: a) o processo de atualização da RENAME com a instituição dos novos marcos legais e b) discussão dos avanços, desafios e perspectivas da RENAME com o advento dos marcos legais descritos.&nbsp;Resultados:&nbsp;Discute-se a nova concepção da RENAME e sua harmonização com as diretrizes do SUS, discorrendo sobre aspectos dos processos de incorporação, de responsabilização pelo financiamento e de pactuação interfederativa, e seus impactos no acesso aos medicamentos.&nbsp;Conclusões:&nbsp;As mudanças nos marcos legais contribuíram para a aproximação das políticas de incorporação tecnológica e de assistência farmacêutica no âmbito do SUS, tornando a nova RENAME um instrumento importante para a qualificação da gestão e para a garantia do acesso a medicamentos eficazes, efetivos e seguros à população brasileira. Descritores:&nbsp;Medicamentos Essenciais; Assistência Farmacêutica; Gestão em Saúde; Financiamento da Assistência à Saúde; Sistema Único de Saúde. &nbsp

Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals - Depot differences and dysmetabolism implications

Background: The role of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with endocrine disrupting activity in the aetiology of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions has been recently highlighted. Adipose tissue (AT) is a common site of POPs accumulation where they can induce adverse effects on human health. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of POPs in human visceral (vAT) and subcutaneous (scAT) adipose tissue in a sample of Portuguese obese patients that underwent bariatric surgery, and assess their putative association with metabolic disruption preoperatively, as well as with subsequent body mass index (BMI) reduction. Methods: AT samples (n=189) from obese patients (BMI ≥35) were collected and the levels of 13 POPs were determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the time of surgery. BMI variation was evaluated after 12 months and adipocyte size was measured in AT samples. Results: Our data confirm that POPs are pervasive in this obese population (96.3% of detection on both tissues), their abundance increasing with age (RS=0.310, p<0.01) and duration of obesity (RS=0.170, p<0.05). We observed a difference in AT depot POPs storage capability, with higher levels of ΣPOPs in vAT (213.9±204.2 compared to 155.1±147.4 ng/g of fat, p<0.001), extremely relevant when evaluating their metabolic impact. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between POP levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome components, namely dysglycaemia and hypertension, and more importantly with cardiovascular risk (RS=0.277, p<0.01), with relevance for vAT (RS=0.315, p<0.01). Finally, we observed an interesting relation of higher POP levels with lower weight loss in older patients. Conclusion: Our sample of obese subjects allowed us to highlight the importance of POPs stored in AT on the development of metabolic dysfunction in a context of obesity, shifting the focus to their metabolic effects and not only for their recognition as environmental obesogens

Dermatological diseases of compulsory notification in Brazil

A estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Brasil, em 1975, tornou obrigatória a notificação de algumas doenças transmissíveis com o objetivo de reduzir a carga destes eventos no país. Entretanto, as alterações no perfil epidemiológico destas doenças, associadas a características da sociedade contemporânea, determinam a constante adequação das atividades de vigilância a este cenário. Neste manuscrito, são descritos epidemiologia, tendências e diagnóstico diferencial das seguintes doenças dermatológicas de notificação compulsória no Brasil: aids, dengue, hanseníase, leishmaniose tegumentar americana, sarampo, rubéola e síndrome da rubéola congênita e sífilis. Também são apresentados os principais desafios atuais para o controle e prevenção para cada uma dessas doenças no BrasilThe development of a Brazilian National Surveillance System in 1975 led to a compulsory reporting of selected infectious diseases aiming to reduce the burden of these events in the country. However, shifts in the epidemiology of these diseases associated with modern life style, demand constant revision of surveillance activities. In this manuscript we present the epidemiology, trends and differential diagnosis of the following compulsory notifiable diseases in Brazil: Aids, dengue fever, hanseniasis, American tegumentary leishmaniasis, measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome and syphilis. Additionally, the current challenges for control and prevention of each disease are presente