The multilingual jurisprudence of the Court of Justice and the idea of uniformity in European Union Law

It is generally accepted that the development of a Union of law is largely due to the judicial decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (hereinafter, CJEU). With its judicial pronouncements, the CEJEU aims to achieve the same legal effects in every language version of its judgments and, through them, to ensure the uniform application and interpretation of European Union law. Nevertheless, such judicial pronouncements, with normative and binding force, are the result of collegial decisions and drafted by jurists in a language that is usually nottheir mother tongue. In addition, they are also the result of various permutations associated with the necessary legal translation from and to (and vice versa) the working language of the Court and the official languages of the European Union. The published judgments presented as authentic are, in most cases, translations. To understand the construction of decisions of the CJEU is to understand the construction of the European Union law, and by consequence, the European project itself

Spectroscopy studies on conservation issues in modern and contemporary paintings

Dissertation presented to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of New University of Lisbon in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master’s degree in Conservation and Restoration Specialization in easel paintingModern and contemporary paintings are one of today’s grand challenges in conservation of cultural heritage. Particularly, these paintings have often been retouched using materials rather similar to originals, thus, compromising the reversibility of the overpainting. In this work, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, assisted by optical microscopy, were used to evaluate the effectiveness and harmfulness of chemical and laser cleaning methods for the removal of overpaints. Representative mock-ups prepared with commercial paint formulations were used. The laser cleaning experiment was part of an interdisciplinary study which aims the evaluation of method’s limitations by using the most aggressive cleaning parameters. The combined use of FTIR and Raman spectroscopies could identify constituent materials of modern paints, controlling their behaviour under cleaning, while optical microscopy allowed the evaluation on surface morphology. In addition, equivalent portable equipments from MOLAB were covered as a preparation for in situ analysis. Several problems in the selective removal of overpaints were found with chemical cleaning. The laser cleaning showed better efficiency in removing them, although, some alterations occurred upon laser irradiation, for instance, binder degradation with carbon formation and titanium white alteration. The proposed spectroscopic protocol was considered useful for controlling different cleaning methods in modern and contemporary paintings

Hibridismo y transnacionalidad en contexto Erasmus : el caso de los estudiantes Erasmus en la Universidad de La Coruña

En el ámbito de la problemática de creación del espacio Europeo de trabajo e investigación se pretende, en este artículo, caracterizar el perfil de la movilidad académica, en el grado de la licenciatura. El estudio se dedica a la creación de perfiles balseados en motivaciones objetivas para realizar el programa Erasmus, en España. La base de nuestra investigación es la comparación de estudiantes de distintas nacionalidades, con el fin de correlacionar perfiles de estudiantes y lugares de procedencia. Elegimos los alumnos referentes a tres nacionalidades: Portuguesa, Italiana e Polaca, en las cuales se plantean varias hipótesis sobre los modelos de movilidad estudiantil y los ritmos de flujos recibidos en España, bien como en sus modos de vivir y concebir la experiencia en la Universidad de La Coruña.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)COMPET

Evaluation of bioactive coatings in post-harvest physical and mechanical properties of cherries

In the Beira Interior region, cherry production is one of the most representative crops, revealing a high economic value for the region. The cherry, being a seasonal fruit, has great temporal demand, not only due to its nutritional properties but also highly appreciated for its flavor and texture. However, it is a very perishable fruit, and immediately after harvesting, it must be kept at low temperatures and high relative humidity. In an attempt to avoid this degradation, in recent years, there has been the development of edible coatings/films with bioactive properties to extend the shelf life of foods, namely perishable fruits.This work was financially supported by CERNAS/IPCB FCT UID/AMB/00681/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bilhetes de assinatura - A coleção da Sociedade de Transportes Coletivos do Porto entre o último quartel do século XIX e a primeira década do século XXI

O presente trabalho de investigação consiste no desenvolvimento de um projeto de recolha e catalogação do arquivo de bilhetes de assinatura pertencentes à Companhia de Carris de Ferro do Porto, atual Sociedade de Transportes Coletivos do Porto, produzidos entre o último quartel do século XIX e a primeira década do século XXI. Trata-se de uma pesquisa imagética acompanhada de uma contextualização histórica e estilística, que inclui as mudanças funcionais e simbólicas decorrentes das transformações culturais, sociais, económicas e tecnológicas. Deste modo, permitiu a compreensão do objeto de estudo, os bilhetes de assinatura. A publicação “Bilhetes de Assinatura” surge não só como resultado da recolha, mas também como projeto de catalogação pretendendo ilustrar de forma documental todo o material recolhido durante o período de investigação, seguindo a estrutura descrita mais à frente

DNA-based approaches for dairy products authentication: A review and perspectives

Background Food fraud has become an increasingly worldwide problem mainly driven by rapid innovation in the food sector and constantly changing consumer's choices. This led to an increased necessity to improve/establish reliable authentication processes, resulting in the replacement of protein-based techniques for dairy products authentication by higher sensitive and reproducible DNA-based methods. Most used molecular methods for dairy products authentication include PCR, Real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, and PCR-RFLP. Despite the several molecular methods available for species/breeds differentiation in dairy products, there is a need for the development of more efficient and reliable molecular tools. Scope and approach In this review, traditional and more recent DNA-based methods for dairy products authentication are discussed and analysed. Moreover, the increasingly important role of bioinformatic tools for analysis of large amount of data and for the development of DNA markers is also discussed. Key findings and conclusions DNA quality is one of the major factors affecting molecular-based dairy products authentication, which can be influenced by the manufacturing process, extraction method employed, chemical composition of the food matrix, among others. PCR-based methods continue to be the most important and successfully used for dairy products authentication. The DNA markers chosen for species/breed detection are an important factor for PCR success. Although there are several molecular methods for the detection of adulterant species, there is still an unmet demand for methods to detect adulterant breeds. Available public databases and bioinformatics revolutionized the analysis of large amount of data and will be pivotal for the development of effective DNA markers.This work was supported by the ProDOP Serra da Estrela (PDR2020-101-032096) funded by PDR2020 - Programa de Desenvolvimento Rural 2014–2020, Portugal 2020, European Agricultural Fund For Rural Development (EAFRD), and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 and the MIT-Portugal Program (Ph.D. Grant PD/BD/128247/2016 to JTC).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Essential oils of two portuguese endemic species of lavandula as a source of antifungal and antibacterial agents

Chemical investigations of L. stoechas subsp. luisieri and L. pedunculata essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS, and the antimicrobial activity was performed against bacteria and fungi isolated from food sources. The cytotoxicity of the essential oil was performed in NHDF cells using the MTT method. According to the results, the main compounds of L. stoechas subsp. luisieri essential oil were trans-α-necrodyl acetate (40.2%), lavandulyl acetate (11%), and trans-α-necrodol (10.4%), while fenchone (50.5%) and camphor (30.0%) in L. pedunculata essential oil. The antifungal activity of essential oils was confirmed with MIC values ranging from 1.2 to 18.7 µL/mL; for bacteria, it ranged from 4.7 to 149.3 µL/mL. Both the Lavandula species tested showed low or equal MIC and MBC/MFC values for L. stoechas subsp. luisieri essential oil, revealing greater efficacy in antimicrobial activity. The L. stoechas subsp. luisieri essential oil revealed cytotoxic effects (30 ± 2% of cell viability) in NHDF cells at all concentrations tested.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dados vol.4 no.se Rio de Janeiro 2008 From arrest to sentencing: a comparative analysis of the criminal justice system processing for rape crimes

ABSTRACT The current article is intended to demonstrate the advantages of prioritizing an analysis of court caseload processing for a given type of crime and proceeding to a comparison of the results obtained from empirical studies in different countries. The article draws on a study I performed on rape cases tried by the court system in Campinas, São Paulo State, and the study by Gary LaFree on rape cases in the United States, based on data in Indianapolis, Indiana. The comparative analysis of determinants of victims' and law enforcement agencies' decisions concerning the pursuit of legal action proved to be productive, even when comparing two different systems of justice. This allowed greater knowledge of how the Brazilian criminal justice system operates, both in its capacity to identify, try, and punish sex offenders, and in terms of the importance it ascribes to formal legal rules in trying rape cases, in comparison to the American criminal justice system. Key words: rape; sexual assault; comparative criminal justice; comparative law; criminal justice caseload The national academic output concerning the application of Justice in rape crimes is rather modest and its scope of investigation is for the most part limited to only one of the stages of penal prosecution. This output is also rather ethnocentric considering the scarcity of comparisons between the results obtained in Brazil and those produced by research in other countries. As a result, the patterns and tendencies identified nationally have been interpreted as unique and are often exclusively attributed to the incapacity and inefficiency of Brazilian police and justice system in dealing with social demands

Intervenção com a pessoa em crise suicida aos três níveis de prevenção: prevenção primária, secundária e terciária

Relatório do Trabalho de Projeto de Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e PsiquiatriaA crise suicida impôs-se como uma inquietação traduzida em necessidade de busca da melhoria dos cuidados de enfermagem em geral e das intervenções específicas do enfermeiro especialista em saúde mental em particular, a desenvolver com a pessoa em crise suicida, aos níveis da prevenção primária, secundária e terciária. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde a cada ano cerca de 1 milhão de pessoas morre por suicídio. Apesar de Portugal se encontrar, a nível da Europa, entre os países com taxas mais baixas de suicídio a nível global, a Direção Geral de Saúde publicou em 2009 um relatório relativo ao ano de 2006 onde explicitou o facto das taxas de suicídio no Alentejo ultrapassarem em larga escala as taxas nacional e mundial para o mesmo ano. Perspetivando a aquisição das competências comuns de enfermeiro especialista, das competências específicas do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de saúde mental e das competências de mestre em enfermagem de saúde mental e psiquiatria desenvolvemos o projeto de desenvolvimento académico e o projeto de aprendizagem clínica. Recorrendo à metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto e aos princípios da revisão sistemática da literatura encontrámos resposta às nossas necessidades no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de saberes teóricos e práticos suportados na evidência e comprovados cientificamente. O suicídio revelou-se um fenómeno multicausal e multifatorial implicando assim uma abordagem sistémica, multidisciplinar e multiprofissional no sentido da eficácia aquando da intervenção com a pessoa em crise suicida. Os estágios perspetivaram e responderam às necessidades de contacto com a pessoa em crise suicida e com pessoas com necessidades de intervenção ao nível da saúde mental permitindo o desenvolvimento prático dos projetos. As questões éticas e deontológicas reiteraram aquando da nossa intervenção, guiando a nossa prática e legitimando o nosso agir com a pessoa em crise suicida.The suicidal crisis has established itself as a concern translated in need of search for improvement of nursing care in general and specific interventions of Mental Health Nurse Specialist, in particular, in order to develop primary, secondary and tertiary prevention with the person in suicidal crisis. According to the World Health Organization, each year approximately one million people die by suicide. Although Portugal is, in an European level, among countries with lower suicide rates globally, the “Direcçao Geral da Saúde” published a report in 2009 about the year 2006, which made explicit the fact that suicide rates in Alentejo exceeded, in a large scale, national and global rates for the same year. Looking ahead to the acquisition of common skills of Specialist Nurses and the specific skills of Nurse Specialist and Master of Mental Health and Psychiatry, we developed project of academic development and project of learning practice. Using the methodology of Work Project and principles of systematic literature review, we found the answer to our needs, concerning the development of theoretical and practical knowledge supported by the evidence and scientifically proven. Suicide has been proved as a phenomenon with multiple causes and factors that leads to the need of a systematic, multidisciplinary and multi-professional approach, so that the intervention to the suicidal person in crisis can be effective. Internships envisaged and responded to the needs of contact with the person in suicidal crisis and people in need of intervention at the level of mental health enabling the practical development projects. The ethical and deontological issues prevailed during our intervention, guiding our practice and legitimizing our actions with the person in suicidal crisis. Keywords