Plasma Physics

Contains reports on two research projects.United States Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(30-1)-1842

Plasma Physics

Contains reports on three research projects.U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(30- 1)- 1842

The Continuing Fellowship Conundrum

The debate for a fair, equitable, and reasonable pathology fellowship application and selection process has been an ongoing issue with ebb and flow over approximately the past 10 years. The authors of this commentary have been closely involved with the fellowship issue over the past decade and have been part of the effort to achieve a workable solution with widespread support. Possible solutions to the concerns raised by various parties have included efforts to implement a uniform timeline, a formal match through the National Resident Match- ing Program (NRMP), a formal match through the San Fran- cisco Matching Program, and most recently (and the focus of this commentary) a Code of Conduct (Honor Code) and appli- cation clearing house overseen by the Association of Pathology Chairs (APC). Table 1 summarizes these efforts and their out- comes to date

An Experiment in Design and Analysis of Real-Time Applications

In the paper some experiences of joining two methodologies, which were originally independently developed in different institutions, with the goal to overcome the possible discrepancies due to the separate design of the hardware and the software part of an embedded real-time application are presented. Based on Multiprocessor PEARL, Specification PEARL has been developed in FERI, Maribor. Hardware and system architecture of an application can be described and gradually refined. Application software can be designed using LACATRE tool, developed at INSA, Lyon. Decisions about the application design taken in each tool have influence to the ones taken in the other, thus allowing for parallel design of both parts. Both designs are subsequently verified and eventually joined for feasibility estimation by co-simulation. The application program is coded using the ObjectPEARL language. The real-time system design cycle is closed by the execution time analysis and measurements upon which it is then considered about further program and/or hardware part reconfiguration. This feature is supported by the specific compiler, which includes the execution time analyser. The article reports on the work that was done in the framework of the PROTEUS project in co-operation of the teams from FERI Maribor, Slovenia, and INSA de Lyon, France

Effects of macroscopic polarization in III-V nitride multi-quantum-wells

Huge built-in electric fields have been predicted to exist in wurtzite III-V nitrides thin films and multilayers. Such fields originate from heterointerface discontinuities of the macroscopic bulk polarization of the nitrides. Here we discuss the background theory, the role of spontaneous polarization in this context, and the practical implications of built-in polarization fields in nitride nanostructures. To support our arguments, we present detailed self-consistent tight-binding simulations of typical nitride QW structures in which polarization effects are dominant.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, uses revtex/epsf. submitted to PR

Closing the loop in exergaming - Health benefits of biocybernetic adaptation in senior adults

Exergames help senior players to get physically active by promoting fun and enjoyment while exercising. However, most exergames are not designed to produce recommended levels of exercise that elicit adequate physical responses for optimal training in the aged population. In this project, we developed physiological computing technologies to overcome this issue by making real-time adaptations in a custom exergame based on recommendations for targeted heart rate (HR) levels. This biocybernetic adaptation was evaluated against conventional cardiorespiratory training in a group of active senior adults through a floor-projected exergame and a smartwatch to record HR data. Results showed that the physiologically-augmented exergame leads players to exert around 40% more time in the recommended HR levels, compared to the conventional training, avoiding over exercising and maintaining good enjoyment levels. Finally, we made available our biocybernetic adaptation software tool to enable the creation of physiological adaptive videogames, permitting the replication of our study.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Strategies for Improving the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Carbon Nitride-Based Catalysts

Published online:. OnlinePublDue to the depletion of fossil fuels and their-related environmental issues, sustainable, clean, and renewable energy is urgently needed to replace fossil fuel as the primary energy resource. Hydrogen is considered as one of the cleanest energies. Among the approaches to hydrogen production, photocatalysis is the most sustainable and renewable solar energy technique. Considering the low cost of fabrication, earth abundance, appropriate bandgap, and high performance, carbon nitride has attracted extensive attention as the catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production in the last two decades. In this review, the carbon nitride-based photocatalytic hydrogen production system, including the catalytic mechanism and the strategies for improving the photocatalytic performance is discussed. According to the photocatalytic processes, the strengthened mechanism of carbon nitride-based catalysts is particularly described in terms of boosting the excitation of electrons and holes, suppressing carriers recombination, and enhancing the utilization efficiency of photon-excited electron-hole. Finally, the current trends related to the screening design of superior photocatalytic hydrogen production systems are outlined, and the development direction of carbon nitride for hydrogen production is clarified.Xueze Chu, C.I. Sathish, Jae-Hun Yang, Xinwei Guan, Xiangwei Zhang, Liang Qiao, Kazunari Domen, Shaobin Wang, Ajayan Vinu, and Jiabao Y

RAG-induced DNA double-strand breaks signal through Pim2 to promote pre-B cell survival and limit proliferation

Interleukin 7 (IL-7) promotes pre–B cell survival and proliferation by activating the Pim1 and Akt kinases. These signals must be attenuated to induce G1 cell cycle arrest and expression of the RAG endonuclease, which are both required for IgL chain gene rearrangement. As lost IL-7 signals would limit pre–B cell survival, how cells survive during IgL chain gene rearrangement remains unclear. We show that RAG-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated during IgL chain gene assembly paradoxically promote pre–B cell survival. This occurs through the ATM-dependent induction of Pim2 kinase expression. Similar to Pim1, Pim2 phosphorylates BAD, which antagonizes the pro-apoptotic function of BAX. However, unlike IL-7 induction of Pim1, RAG DSB-mediated induction of Pim2 does not drive proliferation. Rather, Pim2 has antiproliferative functions that prevent the transit of pre–B cells harboring RAG DSBs from G1 into S phase, where these DNA breaks could be aberrantly repaired. Thus, signals from IL-7 and RAG DSBs activate distinct Pim kinase family members that have context-dependent activities in regulating pre–B cell proliferation and survival