Prosumers strategy for DHC energy flow optimization

This article introduces the proposal of discrete model of district heating and cooling system (DHC) for energy flow optimization. The aim is to achieve the best solution of the objective function, usually determined by minimizing the production and distribution costs and providing meets the needs of energy consumers. The model also introduces the idea of general prosumers strategy, where all active elements within the modern DHC system are representing by prosumers object. The prosumers are perceived as objects able to actively participate in the planning of production and consumption of energy. It is assumed that the general behaviour of the object in DHC is the same, no matter how they differ in sizes and designs. Thus, all the objects are defined by two characteristics - the ability to produce and consume. The model based on this basic principle, of course, with the most accurate information about the particular values at a time, object properties and other, should provide tools for simulation and control of modern DHC, possibly superior units as Smart Energy Grids - understood as a system integrating Smart Grids (electricity) and Smart Thermal Grids (heat a cool).Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme [L01303 (MSMT-7778/2014)

Possibilities of Heating of Family House

Volba vhodného zdroje vytápění a konstrukce celého otopného systému je důležitým hlediskem při stavbě rodinného domu. Tato práce popisuje jednotlivé způsoby, jak lze dům vytápět. Konkrétně se zabývá problematikou nízkoenergetických domů. Práce zahrnuje také konkrétní výpočet modelového objektu.Selection of suitable heating source and design whole heating system is an important aspect of the building a family house. This work describes different ways as it is possible heat the house. Specifically, it deals with problems of low-energy houses. The work also included the calculation of the specific object.

Modular control system for embedded applications

This paper deals with hardware design of a modular control system intended for embedded applications demanding high computational power while maintaining low cost. The control system central unit is based on 32bit microcontroller MK60DN512 with ARM Cortex-M4 core manufactured by NXP Semiconductor. Module provides all the necessary signals on the two 2-row 40 pin headers and Ethernet communication interface in the form of a small daughter board. It is connected to the mainboard which must always contain 5 V stabilized power supply; other circuits are application specific. In our application the mainboard is equipped with SD card slot, RS232 and RS485 interface which is used for high speed interconnection with up to 15 expansion peripheral modules. This concept enables high flexibility to specific application demands without necessity of redesigning the control system. Controller is freely programmable in C language using any compatible integrated development environment NXP Kinetis Design Studio, for example. Software development and debugging is simplified by our support program libraries including necessary routines for control and monitoring tasks.Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme [LO01303 (MSMT-7778/2014)]; European Regional Development Fund under the project CEBIA-Tech [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0089

Pulled plug-flow model for 4th generation district heating

The controlling of modern district heating systems requires accurate models and simulation tools. The description and necessary verification of a model that sets these ambitions is a matter of this contribution. The model comes out of the known method-plug flow modelling. The implemented model works on the pulling principle when the amount of heat from the producer is "pulled" by the customer. The model was implemented and verified on the date of the local operator of the heating plant and distribution network. The model has been set to the parameters of the part of a real DH network, and its accuracy has been tested about traffic delays and heat loss in the pipelines. For the present experiment, the full knowledge of the heat demand was considered. These were optimal conditions and perhaps not just because of it the result that the pull plug flow model achieved was a quite good matching the measured and calculated values. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Technology Agency of the Czech Republic [TH02020979

Steps towards modern trends in district heating

This paper focuses on new trends in district heating a cooling (DHC) area and algorithms allowing incorporating new technologies and performing optimal control. Classical district heating usually means huge source (as heating plant) and set of pipes which transfer heat energy through a medium, mostly water, across whole town and chilled water is returning back to the plant. Let's imagine a modern city where buildings are consuming only a fraction of the energy contrary to what buildings required in the past. And especially during sunny or windy days, they have energy to spare. Around of such modern city is not only the one big heating plant, but perhaps solar and wind farms, waste incinerators, industrial companies with energy surpluses. Simply in this modern city are dozens, perhaps hundreds of small energy producers that share pipe network or at least part of it. In such a district energy system, production planning is more difficult. And not only production, modern houses with minimal heat loss and data connections also allow to plan consumption more effectively. The aim is to achieve the best solution evaluated by the objective function, usually determined by minimizing the production and distribution costs and providing meets the needs of energy consumers. The method presented in this paper is based on a simulation using the proposed holonic distributed model. This model also introduces the idea of general prosumers strategy, where all active elements within the modern DHC system are represented by prosumer objects. The prosumers are perceived as objects able to actively participate in the planning and realization of the production and consumption of energy. It is assumed that the general behaviour of the object in DHC is the same, no matter how they differ in size and design. Thus, all the objects are defined by two characteristics-The ability to produce and consume. The model based on this basic principle, of course, with the most accurate information about the particular values at a time, object properties and other, should provide tools for simulation and control of modern DHC. In a broader perspective model can be applied to superior units such Smart Energy Grids-understood as a system integrating electricity (Smart Grids) and heat and cool (Smart Thermal Grids) features. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2017

Advanced debugger for Arduino

This article describes improved version of our source-level debugger for Arduino. The debugger can be used to debug Arduino programs using GNU debugger GDB with Eclipse or Visual Studio Code as the visual front-end. It supports all the functionally expected from a debugger such as stepping through the code, setting breakpoints, or viewing and modifying variables. These features are otherwise not available for the popular AVR-based Arduino boards without an external debug probe and modification of the board. With the presented debugger it is only needed to add a program library to the user program and optionally replace the bootloader. The debugger can speed up program development and make the Arduino platform even more usable as a tool for controlling various experimental apparatus or teaching computer programming. The article focuses on the new features and improvements we made in the debugger since its introduction in 2016. The most important improvement over the old version is the support for inserting breakpoints into program memory which allows debugging without affecting the speed of the debugged program and inserting breakpoints into interrupt service routines. Further enhancements include loading the program via the debugger and newly added support for Arduino Mega boards. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic [LO1303 (MSMT-7778/2014)]; European Regional Development Fund under the project CEBIA-Tech [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03 xxx]Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT: LO1303, MSMT-7778/2014; European Regional Development Fund, FEDER: CZ.1.05/2.1.00/0

Microcontroller software library for process control

This paper deals with library of program modules for process control applications running on microcontrollers. The aim of the library is to make it easier to create control applications for microcontrollers. It should allow creating such applications by putting together existing program modules provided in the library with little new code required. The software is written in C language and works with Freescale HCS08 8-bit microcontrollers and the Kinetis series 32-bit ARM-based microcontrollers. It should also be easy to port the code to other platforms. © 2015 World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved