Advisory Opinion On Responsibilty And Liability For International Seabed Mining (ITLOS Case No. 17) And The Future Of NGO Participation In The International Legal Process

On February 1, 2011, the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) issued an advisory opinion in Case No. 17, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area (Case No. 17)

Panel 1: The Framework Shaping the Law: Whose interests are reflected in existing treaties, practice and norms?

A focus on treaties, customary norms, soft law, arbital and judicial decisions to illustrate how an emergent international law of property has come to influence property rights held by private actors. This panel will focus on a) the human right to property; and b) international expropriation law

Psicossemiótica do sonho no discurso artístico georgiano (Do realismo ao modernismo)

Abstract: The study of the dream phenomenon in Georgian artistic discourse is important because dreaming  represents typological universality, although with ethno-national specificity in its performance, enabling us to understand Georgian mentality peculiarity in relation with Western tradition and also because a dream semantics (in its broadest sense), as a cultural concept, encompasses typologically similar events (prophecies, visions, dreams, prognoses, etc.), the function of which in Georgian texts demands special study, as it represents a provoking element of narrative structure. The research goal is to \ under various perspectives: exploring the dream phenomenon through uniting psychological and literary aspects; typological dreams classification and its variations in the creation by Georgian realist and modernist writers. The research main line involves three types of scientific methodology: The sociological-psychological research method of dream phenomenon; feature-based analysis of dreams and structural-contextual analysis of dreams, which presents paradigmatic variants of diverse literary processes during the 19th and 20th centuries.  The Georgian realism considered that dreams adhered to their basic principles.Vazha-Pshavela, in contrast, has a dreamlike vision that is not only related to sleep but it is one of the ways of accessing the irrational world through the dreamer’s mystical-allegorical perception and myths.   Vazha-Pshavela's next generation of Georgian writers, who are fond of European culture began to master and develop the themes typical to modernism, and also to it’s theoretical principles.   Keywords: Dreams; psychosemiotics; Georgian artistic discourse; ModernismResumo: O estudo do fenômeno do sonho no discurso artístico georgiano é importante porque sonhar representa uma universalidade tipológica, embora com especificidade etnonacional em sua atuação, permitindo compreender a peculiaridade da mentalidade georgiana em relação à tradição ocidental e também porque uma semântica onírica (em seu sentido mais amplo), como conceito cultural, abrange eventos tipologicamente semelhantes (profecias, visões, sonhos, prognósticos etc.), cuja função nos textos georgianos exige estudo especial, pois representa um elemento provocador da estrutura narrativa. O objetivo da pesquisa é, sob várias perspectivas: explorar o fenômeno do sonho por meio da união de aspectos psicológicos e literários; realizar a classificação tipológica dos sonhos e suas variações na criação de escritores realistas e modernistas georgianos. A linha principal de pesquisa envolve três tipos de metodologia científica: O método de pesquisa sociológico-psicológico do fenômeno do sonho; análise dos sonhos baseada em características e análise estrutural-contextual dos sonhos, que apresenta variantes paradigmáticas de diversos processos literários durante os séculos XIX e XX. O realismo georgiano considerava que os sonhos seguiam seus princípios básicos. Vazha-Pshavela, ao contrário, tem uma visão onírica que não está apenas relacionada ao sono, mas é uma das maneiras de acessar o mundo irracional através da percepção místico-alegórica do sonhador e mitos. A próxima geração de escritores georgianos de Vazha-Pshavela, apaixonados pela cultura europeia, começou a dominar e desenvolver os temas típicos do modernismo, e também seus princípios teóricos.   Palavras-chave: Sonhos; psicossemiótica; discurso artístico georgiano; Modernism

The Impact of Sanctions against Russia on Central Eurasia: A New Great Game through a Feminist Lens

This paper is an attempt to better understand a hard-core security issue through a feminist lens or to grasp a new “Great Game” emerging in central Eurasia by using a feminist understanding of power. The war in Ukraine is considered pivotal to the direction of world history, global order, and the very architecture of the international system. While NATO and Western powers are reluctant to go into a direct military confrontation with Russia over Ukraine, sanctions on Russia have repercussions that extend way beyond Russian borders. Specifically, the former Soviet republics of Central Asia and South Caucasus—which have continued to be almost an integrated part of the extended Russian economy—are experiencing a stronger impact of sanctions than initially planned by the international community. This paper aims to address the unintended consequences of sanctions against Russia on the extended Eurasian space. It claims that sanctions against Russia represent both a trap and an opportunity for the so-called small states in Central Asia and South Caucasus, subjecting them to the patterns of the world hierarchies on one hand and providing the space for maneuver, on the other. A question in focus here is what conditions the so-called small Eurasian actors may need to overcome to remove themselves from Russian dependency. This article relies on the ontology of feminist security studies by focusing on the marginal actors of the Great Game, discovering that resilience is another form of soft power in today’s international relations

Virtual Collaborative Learining as One of the Effective Strategies for Raising Cross-Cultural Awareness in Business English Classroom

Recently, Business English (BE) has become an integral part of teaching English due to its growing demand in the employment market and its power to facilitate cross-cultural communication and dialogue between speakers of all languages. Since BE serves as a Lingua Franca globally, a good mastery of the so-called Business English as Lingua Franca (BELF) is getting more and more attention among practitioners and researchers of Business English, who attempt to update their curriculum in accordance with cutting-edge developments for better occupational purposes. With this in mind, the presented paper will attempt to showcase the merits of Virtual Collaborative Learning (VCL) as one of the effective strategic tools for raising cross-cultural communication in the Business English classroom which indeed fosters the development of a culturally intelligent generation through support and guidance. The combined questionnaire was designed to study the experiences of BE learners–specifically, the experiences of former beneficiaries of Virtual Exchange in a shared Business English course between Grigol Robakidze University (Tbilisi and Batumi Campuses) and Azerbaijan Pedagogical University held during the Spring term of 2021. Since the representatives of different cultures were learning Business English via Virtual Collaborative Learning (VCL), they were automatically exposed to various intercultural contexts which aimed at raising their cross-cultural communication awareness through the use of BELF. The results of the questionnaire were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of Virtual Collaborative Learning to facilitate cross-cultural knowledge as a result of which VCL was/will be added as an integral part of the existing BE curriculum

Importance of Integrating Effective Teaching Methods in Business English Classroom

The paper will highlight the importance of integrating effective teaching methods in teaching English for Specific Purposes, in particular Business English. Based on the survey, where 48 BE instructors participated from different countries, the article will demonstrate the significance of Lexical Approach, Task-Based and Project-based Learning by evaluating the outcomes of integrating them in teaching practice and beyond. The results once again confirmed the hypothesis. The survey consisted of both open and close-ended questions and aimed at voicing the opinion of BE Course Instructors globally. The target audience was exposed to the above-mentioned teaching methods. At the same time, the survey provides recommendations for beginner BE Lecturers on how to ensure maximal approximation to the authentic environment via practicing most useful teaching methods and making the learning process more result-driven, engaging and enjoyable

The Importance of Integrating Effective Teaching Methods in Business English Classroom

The paper highlights the importance of integrating effective methods in teaching English for Specific Purposes, in particular Business English.  According to the survey, which includes the contribution from 48 BE instructors worldwide, the article demonstrates the significance of lexical approach, task-based and project-based learning by evaluating the outcomes of integrating them in teaching practice and beyond. The results once again confirmed the hypothesis that task-based learning, lexical approach and project-based learning are the most effective teaching methods in BE classroom. The survey consisted of both open and close-ended questions and aimed at voicing the opinion of BE Course Instructors globally. The target audience was exposed to the above-mentioned teaching methods.  At the same time, the survey provides recommendations for novice BE Lecturers on how to ensure maximal approximation to the authentic environment via practicing most useful teaching methods and making the learning process more result-driven, engaging and enjoyable.&nbsp

Importance of Integrating Effective Teaching Methods in Business English Classroom

The paper will highlight the importance of integrating effective teaching methods in teaching English for Specific Purposes, in particular Business English. Based on the survey, where 48 BE instructors participated from different countries, the article will demonstrate the significance of Lexical Approach, Task-Based and Project-based Learning by evaluating the outcomes of integrating them in teaching practice and beyond. The results once again confirmed the hypothesis. The survey consisted of both open and close-ended questions and aimed at voicing the opinion of BE Course Instructors globally. The target audience was exposed to the above-mentioned teaching methods. At the same time, the survey provides recommendations for beginner BE Lecturers on how to ensure maximal approximation to the authentic environment via practicing most useful teaching methods and making the learning process more result-driven, engaging and enjoyable

Virtual Collaborative Learining as One of the Effective Strategies for Raising Cross-Cultural Awareness in Business English Classroom

Recently, Business English (BE) has become an integral part of teaching English due to its growing demand in the employment market and its power to facilitate cross-cultural communication and dialogue between speakers of all languages. Since BE serves as a Lingua Franca globally, a good mastery of the so-called Business English as Lingua Franca (BELF) is getting more and more attention among practitioners and researchers of Business English, who attempt to update their curriculum in accordance with cutting-edge developments for better occupational purposes. With this in mind, the presented paper will attempt to showcase the merits of Virtual Collaborative Learning (VCL) as one of the effective strategic tools for raising cross-cultural communication in the Business English classroom which indeed fosters the development of a culturally intelligent generation through support and guidance. The combined questionnaire was designed to study the experiences of BE learners–specifically, the experiences of former beneficiaries of Virtual Exchange in a shared Business English course between Grigol Robakidze University (Tbilisi and Batumi Campuses) and Azerbaijan Pedagogical University held during the Spring term of 2021. Since the representatives of different cultures were learning Business English via Virtual Collaborative Learning (VCL), they were automatically exposed to various intercultural contexts which aimed at raising their cross-cultural communication awareness through the use of BELF. The results of the questionnaire were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of Virtual Collaborative Learning to facilitate cross-cultural knowledge as a result of which VCL was/will be added as an integral part of the existing BE curriculum