Hacia una lítica posthispánica para el área de Valdivia

RESUMEN Se revisa conjuntos líticos de fechas posthispánicas conocidos para la región Centro-sur de Chile, apuntando a la necesidad de hacer visible estas categorías y generar las bases metodológicas para iniciar la construcción de dichos estudios. De manera particular, se considera los análisis del material lítico registrado en uno de los nodos arqueológicos definidos operativamente como parte de un proyecto de investigación cuya área de estudio general corresponde a la Jurisdicción colonial de la ciudad de Valdivia; dicho nodo considera como punto central al Fuerte San Luis de Alba, emplazado en el área del río Cruces. Se discute diferencias y continuidades de las industrias líticas pre y post-contacto, considerando ideas y un esquema simple en el que se confronta los conjuntos mapuche-williche e hispanos. RESUMO Foram revisados conjuntos líticos com datações pós-hispânicas conhecidos para a região Centro-Sul do Chile, revisão que apontou para a necessidade de tornar visíveis essas categorias e criar a base metodológica para iniciar ditos estudos. Particularmente, se considera a analise da lítica registrada em um dos nós arqueológicos operacionalmente definido como parte de um projeto de pesquisa que tem como área geral de estudo a jurisdição colonial da cidade de Valdivia. Dito no considera o ponto central o Forte San Luis de Alba, localizado na área do rio Cruces. No texto se discutem as diferenças e continuidades das indústrias de pré e pós-contato, considerando ideias e um esquema simples que confronta os conjuntos Mapuche-williche e os hispânicos. ABSTRACT Posthispanic lithic assemblages known for Central-Southern Chile are reviewed pointing to the need to make clearer these categories and create the methodological basis for starting the construction of such studies. In particularly we consider the analysis of lithic artifacts registered in one of the archaeological nodes operationally defined as part of a research project that takes as its central point the Fort San Luis de Alba, located in the area of the Cruces river in the province of Valdivia. Differences and continuities of pre- and post-contact industries are discussed, considering ideas and a simple scheme in with which to confront Mapuche-williche and Hispanic assemblages

Ocupaciones arqueológicas en el borde costero del seno de Reloncaví, el caso de Bahía Ilque

ArqueólogaSi bien no existen estadísticas de destrucción o intervención patrimonial arqueológica en el borde costero del área de los archipiélagos patagónicos septentrionales, la sola revisión de los proyectos de desarrollo e inversión que se concretan año a año, permite plantear que dicha destrucción, total o parcial, corresponde a una realidad cuya dinámica es rápida y sistemática. En estas intervenciones, no sólo se revela la actual concepción economicista que opera sobre el borde costero, sino que también se observa la incapacidad de la sociedad para entender la costa marítima como un ecotono frágil, en el que confluyen diversos patrimonios que ponen de manifiesto su relevancia tanto ambiental, como cultura

THE SITE CONTRALORIA REGIONAL DE VALDIVIA. FROM VARADERO TO DOCK AND HERITAGE TO URBAN CONTEXT

As a result of archaeological work done on the waterfront of Valdivia (Region de los Rios, Chile), which has built the building of the Regional Audit Office of Valdivia, it has been recorded and documented a cultural sequence that accounts the repeated occupation of this space, from prehistoric times to the present. The site Contraloria Regional de Valdivia (CRV) site presents occupations since the arrival of Hispanics (XVI century) until the twentieth century, including German settlers arriving in the city (second half of the nineteenth century), but also for important events affecting the city (such as the Great Fire of 1909) that led to profound changes in the economic and social relations of a city coming quickly to the 'modernity' of twentieth century. Moreover, the fact that the place is part of 'Typical Zone', has allowed to begin to delineate new property relating worthy of rescue and to value by archaeology, thus contributing with new arguments and appeals to the story that is intended to narrate about cities

POSTHISPANIC LITHICS FROM THE VALDIVIA AREA

Posthispanic lithic assemblages known for Central-Southern Chile are reviewed pointing to the need to make clearer these categories and create the methodological basis for starting the construction of such studies. In particularly we consider the analysis of lithic artifacts registered in one of the archaeological nodes operationally defined as part of a research project that takes as its central point the Fort San Luis de Alba, located in the area of the Cruces river in the province of Valdivia. Differences and continuities of pre- and post-contact industries are discussed, considering ideas and a simple scheme in with which to confront Mapuche-williche and Hispanic assemblages

ARCHAEOLOGY IN TERRITORIAL PLANNING FOR CHILE, CURRENT SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES. A CASE STUDY OF CAUTIN PROVINCE, REGION OF ARAUCANIA

A general model is proposed for the incorporation of archaeology in the territorial planning for Chile, considering the physicality of archaeological resources. By means of the review of relevant regulations, the instruments of territorial planning, and current considerations of institutional levels for archaeological resources, we try to demonstrate the importance and the need for appropriate classifications of territories. For this, we use the model of archaeological resources for the Province of Cautin, in the region of Araucania, and hope this scheme can be replicated in other regions of the nation

TERRESTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE AREAS OF PIEDMONT LAKES, THE ANDES AND PAMPAS IN CENTER SOUTH CHILE

The scarce archaeological research developed in Chile's center south until the past decade has led to the construction of chrono-cultural sketches, which barely account for the internal variability of the past reality in the areas of piedmont lakes and mountains of Central-South Chile. Preliminarily, we have detected strategic archaeological differences between two sectors, which likewise show cultural associations, and environmental characteristics that have allowed us to elaborate a terrestrial survey methodology according to both, by covering extensive surfaces and according to the specific environmental characteristics of the overall study area, using a subdivision on the basis of his principal hydrographic basins. This methodology has been developed using GIS as an auxiliary tool in areas with dense vegetation, bad visibility, abundant and extensive water masses and courses, presence of ancient ancestral mapuche and pewenche ethnic communities and frequent volcanic activity. We will expose a synthesis of regional archaeology, and the methodological survey strategy as implemented in the sub-areas of Villarrica-Lanin and Lonquimay-Llaima volcanic axes. The area of study is re-defined in environmental terms and one declares the presence of 179 patrimonial archaeological resources, which have been registered by means of strategies of intensive and extensive survey. Finally it is considered to be an evaluation and discussion of the work carried out

Copper Earrings in La Araucanía: Earliest Evidence of Metal Usage in Southern Chile

International audienc

Estudio de microfósiles de residuos adheridos en pipas cerámicas del sitio Villa JMC-1 Labranza, Región de la Araucanía Microfossil study of ceramic smoking pipe residues, Villa JMC-1 Labranza site, Region of the Araucania, Chile

Se aplica el estudio de microfósiles en dos pipas del sitio Villa JMC-1, definido como un contexto funerario del Complejo Pitrén, con el fin de reconocer qué plantas fueron utilizadas en la acción de fumar. Si bien en las fuentes escritas hay múltiples referencias describiendo esta actividad en ocasiones rituales, no hay evidencias arqueológicas directas de cuáles plantas fueron consumidas. En esta perspectiva se propone confrontar la información etnohistórica y etnográfica con la evidencia arqueobotánica recuperada de los residuos recuperados en los hornillos y tubos/boquilla de las pipas. Se constató la presencia diferencial de almidones y silicofitolitos en ambas partes de las pipas, exhibiendo las boquillas mayor cantidad de almidones y en los hornillos menor frecuencia y diversidad de microfósiles. Entre los taxa identificados, destacan morfotipos adscritos a Poaceae y Solanaceae, además de almidones simil Nicotiana sp. y Solanum sp.The study of microfossils is applied to two pipes from the Villa JMC-1 site, site which has been de-fined as a funerary context from the Pitrén Complex, with the objective of recognizing which plants were used in the act of smoking. Although many written sources make reference to this activity during rituals, there is no direct archaeological evidence of which plants could have been consumed. In this perspective, this study aims to confront the ethnohistoric and ethnographic information with the archaeobotanical evidence recovered from the residues found in the chamber and tubes/mouthpieces of the pipes. The differential presence of starches and silicophytoliths in both parts of the pipes was confrmed. The mouthpieces presented a greater amount of starches, while the chamber presented less frequency and diversity of microfossils. Among the identifed taxa, two morphotypes assigned to Poaceae and So-lanaceae stand out, as well as simile Nicotiana sp. and Solanum sp. starch grains

REBOUNDING FROM EXTRACTIVISM The history and re-assertion of traditional weir-fishing practices in the Interior Sea of Chiloe

This study analyses the use of traditional fishing weirs in the Interior Sea of Chiloe, in southern Chile. Although fishing weirs were in operation the time of the arrival of the first Europeans in the area in the mid-16th Century, when the indigenous Chono and Williche populations led distinctly aquapelagic lifestyles, we contend that they proliferated in subsequent centuries during the process of mestizaje (mixing) between indigenous populations and Spanish settlers and in response to the pressure exerted by population growth and associated social transformations in an insular location. Weirs remained in use until the second half of the 20th Century but have fallen into disuse in recent times due to the profound socio-productive changes resulting from modern development models favouring intense extractivism. Such developments have exacerbated socio-environmental conflicts and caused a population decline in small islands in the region. Based on our discussions of the above, we propose that the traditional insular fisheries model has allowed sustainable inhabitation of these islands; that its decline has dismantled key community assets; and that a return to socially-managed, non-extractivist fishery practices is essential for regional communities