9,059 research outputs found
Application of Dressing Method for Long Wave-Short Wave Resonance Interaction Equation
In this paper we investigate the application of Zakharov - Shabat dressing
method to (2+1) - dimensional long wave - short wave resonance interaction
equation (LSRI). Using this method we can construct the exact N - soliton
solution of this equation depending on arbitrary constants. It contains both
solutions which don't decay along N different directions in space infinity, and
"dromion" ones, or localized solutions that decay exponentially in all
directions.Comment: 8 page
Variation in Lepidopteran Occurrence in Hemlock-Dominated and Deciduous-Dominated Forests of Central Appalachia
Eastern hemlock, (Tsuga canadensis Carrière, Pinaceae), is threatened with extirpation by an exotic invasive herbivore, the hemlock woolly adelgid, (Adelges tsugae Annand, Homoptera: Adelgidae). Given this threat, a broader and more detailed knowledge of the community associated with eastern hem- lock is merited. As Lepidoptera are important members of forest communities, this study was initiated to determine the relative occurrence of Lepidoptera in hemlock-dominated and deciduous-dominated habitats by evaluating abundance, species richness, temporal variation, and composition overlap. Lepidoptera were surveyed using blacklight traps from May – August 2010 at two collection sites in the Appalachian region of eastern Kentucky. The first collection site was within a forest stand dominated by mixed deciduous species, the second site possessed an overstory of eastern hemlock. Lepidoptera ≥ 20 mm in wingspan were identified and enumerated, yielding a total of 1,020 individuals of ≥ 137 species and 18 families. The total number of Lepidoptera captured in May and June was fewer than in July and August (P ≤ 0.05). The composition of the assemblage varied between collection sites as well as seasonally; 85 species were identified at the deciduous site and 107 species were identified at the hemlock site. While 27 species were recorded only at the deciduous site, 49 species were unique to the hemlock site. Of those unique to the hemlock site, five species were either detritivores or conifer specialists. These data demonstrate the importance of both deciduous and hemlock-dominated forest habitats for many species of Lepidoptera in Appalachia. Our study forms a foundation for understanding species richness patterns of Lepidoptera in hemlock forests in North America and is a useful baseline for comparisons of richness and diversity post invasion by the hemlock woolly adelgid
Surface losses and self-pumping effects in a long Josephson junction - a semi-analytical approach
The flux-flow dynamics in a long Josephson junction is studied both
analytically and numerically. A realistic model of the junction is considered
by taking into account a nonuniform current distribution, surface losses and
self-pumping effects. An approximate analytical solution of the modified
sine-Gordon equation is derived in the form of a unidirectional dense fluxon
train accompanied by two oppositely directed plasma waves. Next, some
macroscopic time-averaged quantities are calculated making possible to evaluate
the current-voltage characteristic of the junction. The results obtained by the
present method are compared with direct numerical simulations both for the
current-voltage characteristics and for the loss factor modulated spatially due
to the self-pumping. The comparison shows very good agreement for typical
junction parameters but indicates also some limitations of the method.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Optical scattering and microphysical properties of subvisual cirrus clouds, and climatic implications
The optical and microphysical properties of subvisual cirrus clouds are derived from ground-based polarization lidar, shortwave radiation flux, and solar corona measurements of two approximately 0.75 km deep cirrus located near the tropopause. The first cloud produced no visual manifestations under excellent viewing conditions, and the second appeared to be a persistent aircraft contrail that was generally visible except in the zenith direction. Average lidar linear depolarization ratios and volume backscatter coefficients for the two clouds were 0.19 and 0.35, and 0.6x10 to the -3 and 1.4x10 to the -3 /km sr, respectively. It is estimated that the zenith-subvisual cirrus contained ice crystals of 25 micron effective diameter at a mean concentration of 25/l and ice mass content of 0.2 mg/cu m. The threshold cloud optical thickness for visual-versus-invisible cirrus, derived from both broadband shortwave flux and 0.694 micrometer lidar data, is found to be tau sub c approx equal 0.03. Such tau values are comparable to those of 5 to 10 km deep stratospheric aerosol clouds of volcanic origin and polar stratospheric clouds, which are episodic in nature. Hence, we conclude that if these clouds are a fairly common feature of the upper troposphere, as recent SAGE satellite measurements would suggest, then the impact of natural and contrail subvisual cirrus on the planet's radiation balance may be relatively significant
Numerical Solution of the Two-Dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for Trapped Interacting Atoms
We present a numerical scheme for solving the time-independent nonlinear
Gross-Pitaevskii equation in two dimensions describing the Bose-Einstein
condensate of trapped interacting neutral atoms at zero temperature. The trap
potential is taken to be of the harmonic-oscillator type and the interaction
both attractive and repulsive. The Gross-Pitaevskii equation is numerically
integrated consistent with the correct boundary conditions at the origin and in
the asymptotic region. Rapid convergence is obtained in all cases studied. In
the attractive case there is a limit to the maximum number of atoms in the
condensate.Comment: 5 pages LATEX, 3 postscript figure
Nonlinear Band Gap Transmission in Optical Waveguide Arrays
The effect of nonlinear transmission in coupled optical waveguide arrays is
theoretically investigated via numerical simulations on the corresponding model
equations. The realistic experimental setup is suggested injecting the beam in
a single boundary waveguide, linear refractive index of which () is larger
than one () of other identical waveguides in the array. Particularly, the
effect holds if , where is a linear coupling constant
between array waveguides, is a carrier wave frequency and is a
light velocity. Making numerical experiments in case of discrete nonlinear
Schr\"odinger equation it is shown that the energy transfers from the boundary
waveguide to the waveguide array above certain threshold intensity of the
injected beam. This effect is explained by means of the creation and
propagation of gap solitons in full analogy with the similar phenomenon of
nonlinear supratransmission [F. Geniet, J. Leon, PRL, {\bf 89}, 134102, (2002)]
in case of discrete sine-Gordon lattice.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures. Phys. Rev. Lett. (in press
Harmonic generation of gravitational wave induced Alfven waves
Here we consider the nonlinear evolution of Alfven waves that have been
excited by gravitational waves from merging binary pulsars. We derive a wave
equation for strongly nonlinear and dispersive Alfven waves. Due to the weak
dispersion of the Alfven waves, significant wave steepening can occur, which in
turn implies strong harmonic generation. We find that the harmonic generation
is saturated due to dispersive effects, and use this to estimate the resulting
spectrum. Finally we discuss the possibility of observing the above process.Comment: 7 page
Collective excitations of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
We apply linear-response analysis of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to obtain
the excitation frequencies of a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a
time-averaged orbiting potential trap. Our calculated values are in excellent
agreement with those observed in a recent experiment.Comment: 11 pages, 2 Postscript figures, uses psbox.tex for automatic figure
inclusion. More info at http://amo.phy.gasou.edu/bec.htm
Improving Cable Thinning System Productivity by Modifying Felling Phase Operations
Two methods of felling were tested in a thinning operation to determine if Scandinavian techniques in manual felling could be applied successfully in combination with a cable yarder for thinning in young stands of western hemlock and Douglas-fir. The study results suggest that manual felling productivity was much lower using the Scandinavian techniques, although subsequent yarding productivity was improved by more than 170% when compared with yarding production after conventional felling operations. Cost estimates developed during the study suggest that productivity improvements in the yarding phase reduced the cost of processed logs delivered to roadside by more than $2.50 per ton for the Scandinavian system
Determination of surface characteristics and energy budget over an urban-rural area using satellite data and a boundary layer model
There are no author-identified significant results in this report
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