1,001 research outputs found
An Analysis of the Collaboration Between Child Welfare and Early Childhood Education Systems in Cuyahoga County
A review of the legislative and policy history of child welfare and early childhood education systems highlights gaps in communication, data sharing and planning between the two agencies. Closing these gaps can have a significant, positive effect on many aspects of the development and achievement of young children within the child welfare system. Using a mixed methods approach, this study analyzed the collaboration that exists in Cuyahoga County between the child welfare system, special education, and general education settings in early childhood for children up to age five. It highlights what strengths and challenges exist within the two Cuyahoga County systems in terms of cross-training, data-based decision making, developmental assessments, service delivery, and parent engagemen
An Analysis of the Collaboration Between Child Welfare and Early Childhood Education Systems in Cuyahoga County
A review of the legislative and policy history of child welfare and early childhood education systems highlights gaps in communication, data sharing and planning between the two agencies. Closing these gaps can have a significant, positive effect on many aspects of the development and achievement of young children within the child welfare system. Using a mixed methods approach, this study analyzed the collaboration that exists in Cuyahoga County between the child welfare system, special education, and general education settings in early childhood for children up to age five. It highlights what strengths and challenges exist within the two Cuyahoga County systems in terms of cross-training, data-based decision making, developmental assessments, service delivery, and parent engagemen
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Risk-taking and inhibitory control in behaviourally inhibited and disinhibited preschool children
The temperament style Behavioural Inhibition (BI) has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of internalising disorders such as anxiety. Of interest is what factors influence the developmental trajectories of both inhibited and disinhibited children and the development of psychopathology. One such factor is risk-taking behaviour. Using the computer based Balloon Analogue Risk Task, we assessed risk taking behaviour in behaviourally inhibited (n = 27) and behaviourally disinhibited (n = 43) children. This is the first study to examine the relationship between BI, executive functioning and risk-taking. The results indicated Behavioural Inhibition was not related to risk-taking but that inhibitory control predicted reward focused results. These findings illustrate how inhibitory control affects risk-taking and risk avoidance in both inhibited and disinhibited children
A practical scheme for quantum computation with any two-qubit entangling gate
Which gates are universal for quantum computation? Although it is well known
that certain gates on two-level quantum systems (qubits), such as the
controlled-not (CNOT), are universal when assisted by arbitrary one-qubit
gates, it has only recently become clear precisely what class of two-qubit
gates is universal in this sense. Here we present an elementary proof that any
entangling two-qubit gate is universal for quantum computation, when assisted
by one-qubit gates. A proof of this important result for systems of arbitrary
finite dimension has been provided by J. L. and R. Brylinski
[arXiv:quant-ph/0108062, 2001]; however, their proof relies upon a long
argument using advanced mathematics. In contrast, our proof provides a simple
constructive procedure which is close to optimal and experimentally practical
[C. M. Dawson and A. Gilchrist, online implementation of the procedure
described herein (2002), http://www.physics.uq.edu.au/gqc/].Comment: 3 pages, online implementation of procedure described can be found at
http://www.physics.uq.edu.au/gqc
Broader impacts of an intervention to transform school environments on student behaviour and school functioning: post hoc analyses from the INCLUSIVE cluster randomised controlled trial.
BACKGROUND: We have previously reported benefits for reduced bullying, smoking, alcohol and other drug use and mental health from a trial of 'Learning Together', an intervention that aimed to modify school environments and implement restorative practice and a social and emotional skill curriculum. OBJECTIVES: To conduct post hoc theory-driven analyses of broader impacts. DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial. SETTINGS: 40 state secondary schools in southern England. PARTICIPANTS: Students aged 11/12 years at baseline. OUTCOMES: Student self-reported measures at 24 and 36 months of: cyberbullying victimisation and perpetration; observations of other students perpetrating aggressive behaviours at school; own perpetration of aggressive behaviours in and outside school; perceived lack of safety at school; participation in school disciplinary procedures; truancy and e-cigarette use. RESULTS: We found evidence of multiple impacts on other health (reduced e-cigarette use, cyberbullying perpetration, perpetration of aggressive behaviours) and educational (reduced participation in school disciplinary procedures and truancy) outcomes. CONCLUSION: These analyses suggested that the intervention was effective in bringing about a broader range of beneficial outcomes, adding to the evidence that the intervention is a promising approach to promote adolescent health via an intervention that is attractive to schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN10751359
Protocol for Monitoring Fish Communities in Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network, Version 2.0
Executive Summary
Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species.
This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson\u27s Creek National Battlefield (WICR). The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. 2005)
Experimental requirements for Grover's algorithm in optical quantum computation
The field of linear optical quantum computation (LOQC) will soon need a
repertoire of experimental milestones. We make progress in this direction by
describing several experiments based on Grover's algorithm. These experiments
range from a relatively simple implementation using only a single non-scalable
CNOT gate to the most complex, requiring two concatenated scalable CNOT gates,
and thus form a useful set of early milestones for LOQC. We also give a
complete description of basic LOQC using polarization-encoded qubits, making
use of many simplifications to the original scheme of Knill, Laflamme, and
Milburn.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Quantum dynamics as a physical resource
How useful is a quantum dynamical operation for quantum information
processing? Motivated by this question we investigate several strength measures
quantifying the resources intrinsic to a quantum operation. We develop a
general theory of such strength measures, based on axiomatic considerations
independent of state-based resources. The power of this theory is demonstrated
with applications to quantum communication complexity, quantum computational
complexity, and entanglement generation by unitary operations.Comment: 19 pages, shortened by 3 pages, mainly cosmetic change
A comparison of trends in population size and life history features of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and anadromous and non-anadromous Brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a single catchment over 116 years
We use a long time series of catch abundance from a recreational fishery over 116 years to look for population trends in Atlantic salmon, and anadromous (sea trout) and non-anadromous (brown) trout for a single catchment, Loch Lomond, west central Scotland. Year strongly predicted variation in catches but catch effort did not meaningfully increase explained variation. Salmon showed periods of increasing and decreasing trends, for sea trout and brown trout there was an overall declining trend. Since 1952, Lomond salmon population trends differed from both wider Scotland and southern Europe, indicating that the Lomond population is partially buffered from drivers of change in salmon populations more widely. In contrast Lomond sea trout showed a similar declining trend to that of populations from the wider west of Scotland over this period. The Lomond populations showed some evidence of shorter-term cycling patterns; the drivers for which are unknown. Body size in salmon and sea trout declined but increased in brown trout; salmon returned to freshwater later, and the relative proportion of all caught trout that were anadromous increased across the time series. This study shows a long and protracted period of fundamental change to populations of these two species over 116 years
Adolescent tuberculosis.
Adolescence is characterised by a substantial increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, a known fact since the early 20th century. Most of the world's adolescents live in low-income and middle-income countries where tuberculosis remains common, and where they comprise a quarter of the population. Despite this, adolescents have not yet been addressed as a distinct population in tuberculosis policy or within tuberculosis treatment services, and emerging evidence suggests that current models of care do not meet their needs. This Review discusses up-to-date information about tuberculosis in adolescence, with a focus on the management of infection and disease, including HIV co-infection and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. We outline the progress in vaccine development and highlight important directions for future research
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