(Benzoato-κ2 O,O′)(quinoline-2-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N,O)(quinoline-2-carboxylic acid-κ2 N,O)manganese(II)

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Mn(C7H5O2)(C10H6NO2)(C10H7NO2)], contains manganese(II) ions six-coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral environment. The equatorial plane is occupied by four O atoms, two from the carboxyl­ate group of the benzoate ion, the other two from carboxyl­ate/carboxyl groups of the quinaldate/quinaldic acid mol­ecules. The axial positions are occupied by the N atoms of the quinoline ring systems. The metal ion lies on a twofold rotation axis that bisects the benzoate ligand; the quinaldate and quinaldic acid ligands are therefore equivalent by symmetry, and the carboxylate/carboxyl groups are disordered. The complexes are joined together by hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl­ate/carboxyl groups of adjacent quinaldate/quinaldic acid mol­ecules, forming zigzag chains that run along the c axis

(Benzoato-κ2 O,O′)(quinoline-2-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N,O)(quinoline-2-carboxylic acid-κ2 N,O)copper(II)

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C10H6NO2)(C7H5O2)(C10H7NO2)], contains copper(II) ions five-coordinated in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal environment. The equatorial plane is occupied by three O atoms, one from the carboxyl­ate group of the benzoate ion considered as occupying a single coordination site, the other two from two carboxyl­ate groups of the quinaldic acid and quinaldate ligands. The axial positions are occupied by the N atoms of the quinoline ring system. The metal ion lies on a twofold axis that bisects the benzoate ion. The quinaldate and quinaldic acid ligands are equivalent by symmetry, and the carboxyl­ate/carboxyl groups are disordered. The disordered H atom is shared between the carboxyl­ate groups of adjacent quinaldic acid mol­ecules. Such hydrogen bonds delineate zigzag chains that run along the c axis. The structure is very similar to that of the MnII analog

Bis[(2-quinol­yl)methane­diol-κ2 N,O](sulfato-κO)copper(II) dihydrate

In the title compound, [Cu(SO4)(C10H9NO2)2]·2H2O, the CuII ion is chelated by two (2-quinol­yl)methane­diol ligands and coordinated by a monodentate sulfate ligand in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal environment, with O atoms occupying the equatorial sites and N atoms in the axial sites. The dihedral angle between the two essentially planar quinoline ring systems is 45.02 (9)°. In the crystal structure, an extensive O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding network forms layers parallel to the ab plane

Changes in Phospholipid Composition Studied by HPLC and Electric Properties of Liver Cell Membrane of Ethanol-Poisoned Rats

Ethanol introduced into the organism undergoes rapid metabolism to acetaldehyde and then to acetic acid. The process is accompanied by formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage mainly lipids of membrane cells. The effects of ROS can be neutralized by administering preparations with antioxidant properties. The natural preparations of this kind are teas

DNA damage in circulating leukocytes measured with the comet assay may predict the risk of death

The comet assay or single cell gel electrophoresis, is the most common method used to measure strand breaks and a variety of other DNA lesions in human populations. To estimate the risk of overall mortality, mortality by cause, and cancer incidence associated to DNA damage, a cohort of 2,403 healthy individuals (25,978 person-years) screened in 16 laboratories using the comet assay between 1996 and 2016 was followed-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a worse overall survival in the medium and high tertile of DNA damage (p < 0.001). The effect of DNA damage on survival was modelled according to Cox proportional hazard regression model. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.42 (1.06-1.90) for overall mortality, and 1.94 (1.04-3.59) for diseases of the circulatory system in subjects with the highest tertile of DNA damage. The findings of this study provide epidemiological evidence encouraging the implementation of the comet assay in preventive strategies for non-communicable diseases

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Induction of micronuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow reticulocytes of male mice after subchronic exposure to X-rays and bisphenol A

Wprowadzenie.Promieniowanie jonizujące i ksenoestrogeny występują powszechnie w środowisku człowieka. Bisfenol A (BPA) używany jest podczas produkcji poliwęglanów oraz żywic epoksydowych, stanowiących składnik m.in. soczewek do okularów, wypełnień dentystycznych, płyt CD, szyb okiennych, pokryw instrumentów, opakowań oraz pojemników na napoje, ale także wyrobów dla dzieci, butelek, talerzyków, kubeczków oraz elementów smoczków. Żywice epoksydowe wchodzą też w skład powłok wewnętrznych pojemników do przechowywania żywności. Promieniowanie jonizujące wykorzystywane jest m.in. w diagnostyce rentgenowskiej, terapii chorób nowotworowych, w przemyśle, nauce. Cel badań.Celem badań było określenie wpływu bisfenolu A, promieniowania X oraz skojarzonego działania obu czynników na indukcję mikrojąder w retikulocytach krwi obwodowej i szpiku kostnego myszy laboratoryjnych. Materiał i metoda.Doświadczenie prowadzono na samcach myszy Pzh: Sfis przez 8 tygodni. Zwierzętom podawano bisfenol A w wodzie do picia (5 mg/kg mc, 10 mg/kg mc, 20 mg/kg mc), napromieniano dawką 0,05 Gy promieniowania X albo poddawano skojarzonemu działaniu obu tych czynników (0,05 Gy + 5 mg/kg mc BPA). Krew z żyły ogonowej pobierano po upływie 1, 4 i 8 tygodni od rozpoczęcia ekspozycji, a szpik kostny tylko po zakończeniu narażania. Oceniano częstość występowania mikrojąder w retikulocytach. Wyniki. Zarówno bisfenol A jak i promieniowanie jonizujące stymulowały indukcję mikrojąder w retikulocytach krwi obwodowej i szpiku kostnego. W następstwie napromieniania zwierząt promieniowaniem X indukcja mikrojąder wzrastała, podczas gdy w rezultacie podawania bisfenolu A malała proporcjonalnie do czasu trwania ekspozycji.. Skojarzone działanie promieniowania jonizującego i BPA indukowało występowanie mikrojąder ze znacznie wyższą częstością w porównaniu do efektów działania samego BPA. Częstość występowania mikrojąder w krwi obwodowej zwiększała się w miarę upływu czasu od rozpoczęcia doświadczenia. W szpiku kostnym we wszystkich grupach obserwowano znacznie niższą liczebność retikulocytów z mikrojądrami niż w krwi obwodowej. Wnioski. Subchroniczne narażenie na bisfenol A prowadzi do zmniejszenia wrażliwości materiału genetycznego retikulocytów na indukcję uszkodzeń. Promieniowanie X jest prawdopodobnie czynnikiem decydującym o uszkodzeniu DNA w następstwie skojarzonego działania.Background. Ionizing radiation and xenoestrogens are widely present in the human environment. Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics, epoxy and polyester resins. BPA is present in a great variety of products including: baby bottles, compact disks, thermal paper, safety helmets, bullet resistant laminate, plastic windows, car parts, adhesives, protective coatings, powder paints, polycarbonate bottles and containers, the sheathing of electrical and electronic parts, dental fillings. Food and beverage cans are protected from rusting and corrosion by the application of epoxy resins as inner coatings. Human activities involving the use of radiation and radioactive materials in industry, agriculture and research cause radiation exposure in addition to natural exposure coming from cosmic rays and naturally occurring radioactive substances. Objective. The aim of the study was to estimate the effects of bisphenol A, X-rays and combined exposure to X-rays and bisphenol A on the induction of micronuclei in the peripheral blood and in bone marrow reticulocytes of laboratory mice. Material and method. Pzh-Sfis male mice were exposed for 8 weeks. Animals were treated with bisphenol A diluted in drinking water (5 mg/kg bw, 10 mg/kg bw, 20 mg/kg bw), irradiated 0.05 Gy of X-rays or exposed to a combination of both (0.05 Gy + 5 mg/kg bw BPA). The samples of peripheral blood were taken at 1, 4 and 8 week following the start of exposure, whereas the bone marrow after the end of experiment, only. The induction of micronuclei in reticulocytes were evaluated by using fluorescence microscope. Results. Bisphenol A as well as ionizing radiation stimulated induction of micronuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow reticulocytes. After the irradiation the level of micronuclei increased, whereas after exposure to BPA decreased related to time expired from beginning of experiment. Combined exposure of ionizing radiation and bisphenol A induced significantly higher frequency of micronuclei compared to the effect produced by BPA alone. The frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood reticulocytes increased during the experiment. In all groups, the significantly lower induction of micronuclei in reticulocytes of bone marrow than of peripheral blood were observed. The levels of micronuclei in mice exposed to a combination of X-rays and BPA or to irradiation alone were slightly higher compared to those administered to BPA alone. Conclusions. Bisphenol A induced micronuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow reticulocytes. Subchronic BPA exposure leads to diminished sensitivity of genetic material of reticulocytes on the induction of damage. X-rays is probably the agent which decided about DNA damage following combined exposure

THe influence of bisphenol A and of combined exposure to X-rays and bisphenol A to somatic cells of the bone marrow and liver of mice

Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu bisfenolu A (BPA) i skojarzonego działania promieniowania X i BPA na komórki somatyczne szpiku kostnego i wątroby myszy. Samce myszy szczepu Pzh: Sfis przez 8 tygodni napromieniano dawką 0,05 Gy lub podawano im bisfenol A (5 mg/kg mc, 10 mg/kg mc, 20 mg/kg mc) albo poddawano skojarzonemu działaniu obu czynników (0,05 Gy + 5 mg/kg BPA). Próby pobierano po 24h, 1, 4 i 8 tygodniach po zakończeniu ekspozycji. Niniejsze badania wykazały, że BPA może indukować, mierzone testem kometowym, uszkodzenia DNA w limfocytach szpiku kostnego. Natomiast nie stwierdzono zmian w DNA w komórkach somatycznych wątroby. Po zastosowaniu obu czynników jednocześnie zaobserwowano w obu narządach większą migrację DNA niż po podaniu samego bisfenolu A. Prawdopodobnie promieniowanie X potęguje genotoksyczność BPA.The aim of study was to estimate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and combined exposure to X-rays and BPA to somatic cells of the bone marrow and liver of mice. Male mice Pzh: Sfis were irradiated with 0.05 Gy or treated with BPA (5 mg/kg mc, 10 mg/kg mc, 20 mg/kg mc) or exposed to a combination of both (0.05 Gy + 5 mg/kg BPA) for 8 weeks. Samples were taken at 24h, 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the end of exposure. Our study showed, that BPA can induce, measured by Comet assay, DNA damage in limphocytes of the bone marrow. The induction of DNA damage in somatic cells of the liver was not detected. After combined exposure to both agents a greater migration of DNA in cells of both organs than after the exposure to bisphenol A alone was observed. Probably the X-rays intensify the genotoxicity of BPA

On the breakdown voltage temperature dependence of high-voltage power diodes passivated with diamond-like carbon

Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) is well established material for the passivation of high voltage negative bevelled power diode. In our previous works, the conduction mechanism of the DLC has been carefully described through the characterization and the physical modelling of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) structures. In addition, the effects on the breakdown voltage and leakage current have been clarified comparing the available experiments with numerical simulations. However, the role played by the DLC on the breakdown voltage temperature dependence is still lacking. In this work, we addressed the latter issue and found out an anomalous reduction of the temperature dependence which is clearly ascribed to the DLC behaviour. The temperature dependencies of carrier transport in the DLC have been further investigated in order to explain the experimental results. The observed effect might be related to the release of the trapped charges with increasing temperatures or to a different temperature dependence of the DLC mobility which is function of the distance from the Si/DLC interface. TCAD simulations are used to corroborate such assumptions

Morphology and chemical composition of Cu/Sn/Cu and Cu(5 at-%Ni)/Sn/Cu(5 at-%Ni) interconnections

In the present paper, scanning and transmission electron microscopies as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy investigations were performed to describe the morphology and chemical composition of the intermetallic phases growing in Cu/Sn/Cu and Cu(Ni)/Sn/Cu(Ni) interconnections during the diffusion soldering process. The obtained results revealed that even a small amount of Ni addition (5 at-%) to the Cu substrate totally changes the morphology and the rate of formation of the intermetallic phase layers in the solder/substrate reaction zone of the interconnections prepared at the same time and joining temperature conditions. The presented studies are promising in terms of the shortening of the soldering time in the elecronic industry