Analysis of microanatomical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of geniculate ganglion of human facial nerve.

Posebne mikromorfološke karakteristike vaskularizacije kolenog gangliona (ganglion geniculi), kao i mogući klinički značaj periganglijske i intraganglijske vaskularne mreže bili su prvi ciljevi ove studije...Specific micromorphological characteristics of the geniculate ganglion blood supply, as well as the possible clinical significance of the extraganglionic and intraganglionic vessels were the first reasons for this study..

Vascularisation of the geniculate ganglion

Background: Lack of the relevant data in the literature and possible clinical significance of the geniculate ganglion vasculature inspired us to examine the vessels of this ganglion. Materials and methods: Twelve temporal bones were taken during autopsy and microdissected. Four geniculate ganglions were taken as well, serially sectioned and used for haematoxylin-eosin and trichrome staining, and for CD34 immunostaining. Results: The geniculate ganglion was supplied by the petrosal artery, which averaged 1.1 in number, 0.44 mm in the outer diameter, 0.24 mm in the luminal diameter, and 17.1 mm in length. The artery approached the greater petrosal nerve, giving off 1-3 twigs to it with a mean diameter of 24 mu m, and entered the nerve hiatus or a small bone opening close to the ganglion. Before the artery continued to the tympanic segment of the facial nerve, it gave rise to 1 (8.33%), 2 (75.00%) or 3 (16.67%) branches to the geniculate ganglion, which ranged in diameter between 18 mu m and 56 mu m (mean 29 mu m). From the formed superficial network, several twigs penetrated the ganglion and built an intraganglionic plexus. The counting, performed in microscopic fields, each measuring 341.7 mu m x 250.0 mu m in size, contained between 20 and 38 (mean 28.1) ganglion cells, as well as from 87 to 143 microvessels (mean 99.8), so that the neuron/vessel ratio was 1:3.6. Conclusions: This is the first detailed examination of the geniculate ganglion vasculature. The obtained data could be of clinical importance, especially in relation to the Bell's palsy, ganglionitis, geniculate neuralgia, petrous bone imaging, and operations in the same region

Odnosi silvijevog kanala sa okolnim delovima mozga i lobanje mereni anatomski i magnetnom rezonancom

Introducton/Objective: Insufficiency of relevant anatomic data and great neurological and neurosurgical significance were the reasons for this study with scientific and practical implications. The purpose was to determine, at the transverse in situ section of the head, the position and relations of the sylvian aqueduct of the mesencephalon by measuring its distances from particular brain and calvaria structures. Also, the aim was to determine the same distances according to axial sections by using MRI. Methods: The material consisted of twenty autopsy human heads. The section of the head was made at the level of the tentorial hiatus and the midbrain. After that, we measured the distances between the cerebral aqueduct and a) posterior border of the optic chiasm, b) upper border of the dorsum sellae, c) terminal bifurcation of the basilar artery, d) beginning of the straight sinus, e) internal occipital protuberance, f ) tentorial edge (lateral from the aqueduct), and g) internal surface of the calvaria (lateral to the aqueduct). We determined the same distances by the MRI system. The measurements were made in 37 subjects. Results: The numerical data obtained by this study will be of benefit to neurosurgeons in choosing a surgical approach to the contents of the incisural space, and to neurologists for the exact localization of the lesion and interpretation of certain signs and symptoms. Conclusion: The results of a detailed examination of the sylvian aqueduct position and relations have shown that the use of MRI is the morphometric method of choice, because it is more precise for all the parameters monitored than in situ measurements.Uvod/Cilj: Nedostatak odgovarajućih anatomskih podataka i veliki neurološki i neurohirurški značaj su bili razlozi za pokretanje ove studije sa naučnim i praktičnim značajem. Cilj rada je bio da se, na poprečnom preseku glave, odrede položaj i odnosi Silvijevog kanala srednjeg mozga merenjem razdaljina do određenih struktura mozga i lobanje. Takođe, cilj je i da se odrede iste razdaljine korišćenjem poprečnih preseka magnetne rezonance (MR) glave. Metode rada: Materijal su činili preseci 20 glava dobijeni tokom rutinske obdukcije. Preseci glave i mozga su pravljeni u nivou zjapa šatora malog mozga i srednjeg mozga. Merili smo rastojanja između Silvijevog kanala i a) zadnje ivice optičke raskrsnice, b) gornje ivice leđnog dela hipofizne jame, v) završne račve bazilarne arterije, g) početka pravog sinusa, d) unutrašnje potiljačne kvrge, đ) ivice tentorijuma (upolje od kanala srednjeg mozga) i e) unutrašnje površine krova lobanje (upolje od kanala srednjeg mozga). Merili smo iste razdaljine korišćenjem MR. Merenje je obavljeno na 37 osoba. Rezultati: Numerički podaci dobijeni ovom studijom biće od koristi neurohirurzima u pronalaženju hirurškog pristupa sadržaju prostora između slobodnih ivica tentorijuma, kao i neurolozima za preciznu lokalizaciju lezija i interpretaciju nekih znakova i simptoma. Zaključak: Rezultati detaljnog proučavanja položaja i odnosa Silvijevog kanala pokazali su da je korišćenje MR morfometrijska metoda izbora jer je mnogo preciznije za sve posmatrane parametre od merenja tokom obdukcije

Arterial supply of the trigeminal ganglion, a micromorphological study

Background: In this study, we explored the specific microanatomical properties of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) blood supply and its close neurovascular relationships with the surrounding vessels. Possible clinical implications have been discussed. Materials and methods: The internal carotid and maxillary arteries of 25 adult and 4 foetal heads were injected with a 10% mixture of India ink and gelatin, and their TGs subsequently underwent microdissection, observation and morphometry under a stereoscopic microscope. Results: The number of trigeminal arteries varied between 3 and 5 (mean 3.34), originating from 2 or 3 of the following sources: the inferolateral trunk (ILT) (100%), the meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) (100%), and from the middle meningeal artery (MMA) (92%). In total, the mean diameter of the trigeminal branches was 0.222 mm. The trigeminal branch of the ILT supplied medial and middle parts of the TG, the branch of the MHT supplied the medial part of the TG, and the branch of the MMA supplied the lateral part of the TG. Additional arteries for the TG emerged from the dural vascular plexus and the vascular network of the plexal segment of the trigeminal nerve. Uniform and specific intraganglionic dense capillary network was observed for each sensory trigeminal neuron. Conclusions: The reported features of the TG vasculature could be implied in a safer setting for surgical approach to the skull base, in relation to the surrounding structures. The morphometric data on TG vasculature provide anatomical basis for better understanding the complex TG blood supply from the internal and external carotid arteries

Antropodemografska struktura srednjovekovnih stanovnika sahranjenih oko Trške crkve kod Žagubice

The aim of this paper is to examine anthropodemographic structure of 67 individuals from the Middle Ages who were buried in the yard of Trska church near Zagubica. Known custom from that period was to bury worth people members of their family and priests around the church. Because the found bone remains were in very bad condition, it was analyzed the following: sex and average age, general morphologic characteristics and pathological changes. There were found 44 males, 11 females and 12 children. The average long of life was about 35 years. The males were of robust or extra robust built; females were mostly of modestly built. There are changes on skeletal remains which are caused by bone inflammation (specific or non specific) degenerative diseases, fractures and congenital deformities

Analysis of microanatomical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of geniculate ganglion of human facial nerve.

Posebne mikromorfološke karakteristike vaskularizacije kolenog gangliona (ganglion geniculi), kao i mogući klinički značaj periganglijske i intraganglijske vaskularne mreže bili su prvi ciljevi ove studije...Specific micromorphological characteristics of the geniculate ganglion blood supply, as well as the possible clinical significance of the extraganglionic and intraganglionic vessels were the first reasons for this study..

Analysis of microanatomical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of geniculate ganglion of human facial nerve.

Posebne mikromorfološke karakteristike vaskularizacije kolenog gangliona (ganglion geniculi), kao i mogući klinički značaj periganglijske i intraganglijske vaskularne mreže bili su prvi ciljevi ove studije...Specific micromorphological characteristics of the geniculate ganglion blood supply, as well as the possible clinical significance of the extraganglionic and intraganglionic vessels were the first reasons for this study..

The salting-out effect and impact of temperature on phase diagrams of aqueous biphasic systems based on novel synthesized dicyanamide ionic liquids

Pod jonskim tečnostima (JT) se podrazumevaju jonska jedinjenja koja su tečna na temperaturama ispod 100°C. Među brojnim zanimljivim svojstvima koje poseduju hidrofilne jonske tečnosti je i njihova sposobnost da grade dvofazne vodene sisteme u kombinaciji sa neorganskim ili organskim solima. U ovom radu su određeni i okarakterisani fazni dijagrami (binodalne krive) za ispitivane bifazne vodene sisteme {JT + neorganska so +H2O} za dve novosintetisane jonske tečnosti: 1-etil-3-etilimidazolijum-dicijanamid [1-C23-C2im][DCA] i 1-butil-3-etilimidazolijum-dicijanamid [1-C43-C2im][DCA] u kombinaciji sa neorganskim solima: K3PO4 i K2CO3. Eksperimentalni rezultati su fitovani na osnovu Merchuk-ove jednačine i pokazuju da priroda jonske tečnosti kao i neorganske soli utiču u velikoj meri na formiranje bifaznih vodenih sistema. Pokazano je da K3PO4 ima veću sposobnost za građenje bifaznih sistema od K2CO3, što je posledica veće entropije hidratacije anjona. Povećanje bočnog niza na imidazolijum jonu dovodi do lakšeg indukovanja bifaznih sistema tj. potrebna je manja količina neorganske soli da bi se nagradile dve faze. Uticaj temperature na formiranje bifaznih vodenih sistema postoji i dvofazna oblast se povećava sa snižavanjem temperature.Ionic liquids (IL) are ionic compounds which are liquid below 100 °C. One of many interesting features of ionic liquids miscible with water near room temperature is that they can induce ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic system (ABS) in combination with inorganic/organic salts. In this work, phase diagrams for aqueous solutions of 1-ethyl-3-ethylimidazolium-dicyanamide [1-C23-C2im][DCA] and 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium- dicyanamide [1-C43-C2im][DCA] based ILs combined with phosphate and carbonate-based salts, K3PO4 and K2CO3, are reported and discussed. Merchuk equation was applied in order to correlate the experimental binodal data. It was found that K3PO4 has better salting-out ability to induce aqueous biphasic system than K2CO3 because of higher hydration entropy. The cation influence on the ability to form ABS is investigated for the IL with the same anion, dicyanamide [DCA]- and various alkyl chain lengths. It was found that ability to form ABS increases with the increase of the alkyl chain length on the imidazolium ion because of increasing ionic liquid hydrophobicity and poorer affinity for water. The experimental results also show that biphasic region expands with reduction of temperature.53. Savetovanje Srpskog hemijskog društva : Program i kratki izvodi radova : Kragujevac, Srbija, 29. i 30. maj 2015