A Class of Integral Operators Induced by Harmonic Bergman-Besov Kernels on Lebesgue Classes

We provide a full characterization in terms of the six parameters involved the boundedness of all standard weighted integral operators induced by harmonic Bergman-Besov kernels acting between different Lebesgue classes with standard weights on the unit ball of R-n. These operators in some sense generalize the harmonic Bergman-Besov projections. To obtain the necessity conditions, we use a technique that heavily depends on the precise inclusion relations between harmonic Bergman-Besov and weighted Bloch spaces on the unit ball. This fruitful technique is new. It has been used first with holomorphic Bergman-Besov kernels by Kaptanoglu and Ureyen. Methods of the sufficiency proofs we employ are Schur tests or Holder or Minkowski type inequalities which also make use of estimates of Forelli-Rudin type integrals

Positive Toeplitz operators from a harmonic Bergman-Besov space into another

We define positive Toeplitz operators between harmonic Bergman-Besov spaces b(alpha)(p) on the unit ball of R-n for the full ranges of parameters 0 < p < infinity, alpha is an element of R. We give characterizations of bounded and compact Toeplitz operators taking one harmonic Bergman-Besov space into another in terms of Carleson and vanishing Carleson measures. We also give characterizations for a positive Toeplitz operator on b(alpha)(2) to be a Schatten class operator S-p in terms of averaging functions and Berezin transforms for 1 <= p < infinity, alpha is an element of R. Our results extend those known for harmonic weighted Bergman spaces

A study about the interest level of preschool teacher candidates in environmental problems according to certain variablesOkul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevre sorunlarına olan ilgi düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi

The aim of this study is to identify the interest level of the preschool teacher candidates in the environment and to see if this interest is changing considering some variables. The sampling for this study constitutes of 108 preschool teacher candidates, who are studying in Selçuk University Ahmet Keleşoğlu Faculty of Education-Primary Instruction-Preschool Education. Quantitative research techniques were preferred and the study is based on Scanning Model in order to introduce current situation. The scale for the interest of teacher candidates in environment was used which was developed by Alım (2007). As a result of the study it came out that the level of interest of teacher candidates in environment differs meaningfully according to the independent variables: gender and participation in the activity about environment or nature. On the other hand, there aren’t any meaningful differences according to: the class they are studying in, type of high school, location where they spent their childhood and structure of this location, taking a course during his/her education about environment or nature. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevreye olan ilgi düzeylerinin saptanması ve öğretmen adaylarının bazı değişkenlerine göre çevreye olan ilgilerinin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Selçuk Üniversitesi Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi İlköğretim Bölümü Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Anabilim Dalında öğrenimlerini sürdürmekte olan 108 okul öncesi öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamızda nicel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiş olup, mevcut durumu ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla tarama modeli temel alınmıştır. Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevreye olan ilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için Alım (2007) tarafından geliştirilen Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevre Sorunlarına İlgileri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının çevreye olan ilgi düzeylerinin, cinsiyet ve çevre veya doğa ile ilgili etkinliğe katılma durumu değişkenleri ile anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı, öğretmen adaylarının sınıf, lise türü, çocukluğunu geçirdiği yerleşim yeri ve yapı türü ve öğrenim süreci boyunca çevre veya doğa ile ilgili ders alma durumuna göre de anlamlı farklılaşmanın olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Effects of gender norms on intelligence tests: Evidence from ASIS

An examination of gender-related differential item functioning was conducted on the verbal subtests of the Anadolu-Sak Intelligence Scale. Analyses were conducted using the scale standardization data (N = 4641). A Mantel-Haenszel statistic was used to detect differential item functioning (DIF). A total of 58 verbal analogical reasoning items, 20 verbal short-term memory items, and 70 vocabulary items were analyzed. Initially, items displaying DIF in different age groups were determined, and then experts were consulted to determine whether these items were biased. There were three items with item effects on the Verbal Analogical Reasoning subtest and five items on the Vocabulary subtest. Short-term Memory subtests did not reveal any bias. Several implications regarding cognitive development, gender perceptions, and cultural factors were discussed.&nbsp;&nbsp

Knowing the ABCs: Teaching the principles of radiology to medical students in Turkey

Background: Radiology education in Turkey is mainly taught during clinical years of medical school and often lacks main principles. Exposure to the fundamentals of radiology at an early stage of medical education may drastically help students generate a better understanding of radiology and expand their interest in the specialty. With the Principles of Radiology Course that we provided, pre- and post-session tests, and assessment survey at the end of the course, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of such an online course among Turkish medical students. Methods: A total of nine online sessions on imaging modalities principles was developed by radiology professors. Each session was given through Zoom by radiologists from different U.S.-institutions to Turkish medical students from state (n = 33) and private (n = 8) universities. Pretests and post-tests were given to participants via Qualtrics before and after each session, respectively. Paired two-sample t-tests were conducted to detect the variance and p=-.05 was used as the significance level. An evaluation survey was distributed at the end of the course to collect their feedback through SurveyMonkey. Results: A total of 1,438 predominantly Turkish (99.32%) medical students engaged with this course. An average of 506 students completed both pre-test and post-test. There was a statistically significant (p <.001) increase in the scores in post-test (mean[range]:7.58[5.21–8.53]) relative to pre-test (mean[range]:5.10[3.52–8.53]). Four hundred and thirty-nine participants (F/M:63.33%/35.54%) completed the end-of-course survey. A total of 71% and 69.70% of the participants strongly agreed that the course would be useful in their clinical practice and had increased their understanding of radiology. They also reported that their level of confidence in the subjects had increased 68% and reached a weighted average of 3.09/4. The survey revealed that 396 (90.21%) of the participants strongly or somewhat agree that introductory principles and concepts should be presented in earlier years of medical education. Compared to in-person education, 358 (81.55%) found the course extremely or very convenient. Conclusion: Online lecture series consisting of the principles of the radiological imaging modalities can be offered to Turkish medical students to enhance their grasp of the various imaging modalities and their correct clinical application

A comprehensive study of machine learning methods on diabetic retinopathy classification

Diabetes is one of the emerging threats to public health all over the world. According to projections by the World Health Organization, diabetes will be the seventh foremost cause of death in 2030 (WHO, Diabetes, 2020. https://www.afro.who.int/healthtopics/diabetes). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) results from long-lasting diabetes and is the fifth leading cause of visual impairment, worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment processes are critical to overcoming this disease. The diagnostic procedure is challenging, especially in low-resource settings, or time-consuming, depending on the ophthalmologist's experience. Recently, automated systems now address DR classification tasks. This study proposes an automated DR classification system based on preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification steps using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning methods. Features are extracted from a pretrained model by the transfer learning approach. DR images are classified by several machine learning methods. XGBoost outperforms other methods. Dimensionality reduction algorithms are applied to obtain a lower-dimensional representation of extracted features. The proposed model is trained and evaluated on a publicly available dataset. Grid search and calibration are used in the analysis. This study provides researchers with performance comparisons of different machine learning methods. The proposed model offers a robust solution for detecting DR with a small number of images. We used a transfer learning approach, which differs from other studies in the literature, during the feature extraction. It provides a data-driven, cost-effective solution, which includes comprehensive preprocessing and fine-tuning processes. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V

Metaphorical perceptions of secondary school students about environmental problems

Araştırmanın amacı; yarınların büyükleri olan orta okul seviyesindeki öğrencilerin, çevre sorunlarına yönelik metaforik algılarını tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Muş ilinde bulunan sosyal- ekonomik düzeyleri farklı 5 ortaokulun 5, 6, 7, 8. kademelerinde öğrenim gören 496 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Ancak; öğrencilerin tek metafor üretmemeleri, anlamsız metafor üretmeleri ve boş form vermeleri nedeniyle 310 öğrenci ile çalışma grubuna devam edilmiştir. Çalışma ile ilgili veriler nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim deseni kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Öğrencilere "çevre sorunları... gibidir. çünkü;..." yazılı form dağıtılmıştır. Öğrencilerden ilk boşluğa çevre sorunlarına yönelik benzetim yapmalarını, ikinci boşluğa ise nedenini yazmaları istenmiştir. İçerik analizi tekniğinden yararlanılarak veri analizi yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerden elde edilen veriler ortak başlıklar altında toplanarak kategorilendirilmiş ve bilgisayar ortamına sistematik olarak kaydedilmiştir. Toplanan veriler frekans tablosu haline getirilerek sayısal bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre, öğrencilerin çevre sorunlarına yönelik olarak 310 metafor ürettiği belirlenmiştir. Veriler ışığında öğrencilerin oluşturdukları metaforlar ortak özellikleri dikkate alınarak 17 farklı kategori altında toplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak ortaokul öğrencilerinin metafor üretmede çok zorlanmadıkları gözlemlenmekle beraber oluşturulan metaforların yaşanılan çevre ile kısıtlı kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin ürettikleri metaforlardan çevre sorunlarının yaşam kalitesini düşüreceğini ve çevreyi yaşanmaz hale getireceğini düşündükleri anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışma sonucuna göre, öğrencilerin çevre sorunlarına yönelik duyarlılıkları düşük değil fakat yeterli seviyeye ulaşamamıştır.Purpose of the research; to identify the metaphoric perceptions of middle school students, who are the elders of tomorrow, on environmental problems. The study group of the study consists of 496 students attending 5, 6, 7 and 8 levels of 5 secondary schools with different social-economic levels in Muş. But; As the students did not produce single metaphors, they produced meaningless metaphors and gave empty forms, the study group was continued with 310 students. Data related to the study were obtained by using case science design which is one of the qualitative research methods. The students were given a written form, "It's like environmental problems ... because ...". Students were asked to simulate environmental problems in the first space and write the reason in the second space. Data analysis was performed by using content analysis technique. The data obtained from the students were categorized under common headings and recorded systematically on computer. The collected data were transformed into frequency tables and numerical findings were interpreted. According to the obtained data, it was determined that students produced 310 metaphors for environmental problems. In the light of the data, the metaphors formed by the students were collected under 17 different categories considering their common characteristics. As a result, it has been observed that middle school students are not having difficulty in producing metaphors but metaphors created are limited to the environment they live in. It is understood from the metaphors that students think that environmental problems will decrease the quality of life and make the environment uninhabitable. According to the results of the study, the sensitivity of the students towards environmental problems is not low but it has not reached a sufficient level